Ngā Rautaki Hoia a Napoleon Bonaparte
Ko Napoleon Bonaparte tētahi o ngā tino toa hōia whai mana nui o te hītori o ēnei rā. E mōhiotia ana ia ehara i te mea mō tana hiahia ki te hanga i tētahi emepaea anake, engari mō tōna kaha ki te whakarerekē i te huarahi i whawhaihia ai ngā pakanga i Ūropi. Nā āna rautaki me āna tikanga whakahaere i hanga te Ope Taua Wīwī o te tīmatanga o te rautau 19 hei ope tino whai hua, tere, me te ngāwari. Ehara i te mea nā te waimarie, nā te maha rānei o ngā tāngata i angitu ai a Napoleon, engari nā te whakakotahitanga o te whakaritenga, te whakahaere, te tirotiro, te kaiārahi, me te kaha ki te pānui i te whenua me te hinengaro o te hoariri. Ka tirohia e tēnei tuhinga ngā rautaki hōia a Napoleon i roto i tētahi huarahi hanganga ake, mai i ngā mātāpono whānui ki tā rātou whakamahinga i roto i te pakanga.
1. Tere me te Nekeneke: "Neke Tere Atu i te Hoariri"
Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga tino kitea o ngā rautaki a Napoleon ko tana aro nui ki te tere. I mōhio ia i roto i te pakanga, ko te taha e kaha ake ana te aro ki ngā wāhi matua ka whai painga nui. I whakawhirinaki a Napoleon ki ngā nekehanga tere o ngā hōia i uta me te hikoi tino whakahaere. He maha ngā wā i akiaki ai ia i ana hōia ki te mahi i ngā hikoi roa i roto i te wā poto, me te pupuri tonu i te whakaritenga me te wairua.
Nā tēnei ariā i āhei ai a Napoleon ki te patu i ōna hoariri i mua i te wā ki te whakakotahi i ō rātou ope, ki te whakarite rānei i tētahi parepare pakari. He painga rautaki anō hoki te tere: ka taea e ia te whiriwhiri i te wā me te wāhi e tū ai ngā pakanga, me te akiaki i ōna hoa whawhai ki te tauhohe, kaua ki te whakamahere noa.
2. Pūnaha Ope Taua: Ngāwari i te Tauine Nui
I tino pai te whakamahinga o te "corps" (corps d'armée), he ope nui kei roto ko ngā hōia waewae, ngā hōia eke hōiho, ngā pū, me ngā tautoko ratonga i raro i te whakahau kotahi. I taea e ia ope te whawhai takitahi mō ngā wā roa, engari ka taea hoki te whakakotahi wawe ina hiahiatia he pakanga nui.
Ko te painga o tēnei pūnaha ko tōna ngāwari. Ka taea e Napoleon te hora i tana ope ki tētahi rohe whānui hei rapu kai, hei pupuri i ngā huarahi, hei tinihanga rānei i te hoariri, kātahi ka whakakotahi ohorere i a rātou mō tētahi whakaekenga whakatau. He rerekē tēnei i te tauira tawhito, i neke haere ai ngā ope taua i roto i ngā mano tini, puhoi, me te uaua ki te neke.
3. Arotahi te Kaha ki ngā Wāhi Ngoikore (Te Mātāpono o te Arotahi)
I whakamahia e Napoleon te kaupapa o te "whakakotahi i te kaha." Kāore ia i whakaeke i ngā wā katoa puta noa i te rārangi hoariri katoa, engari i rapu i te wāhi ngoikore rawa, i te wāhi tino hira rānei hei uru atu. Kia pakaruhia taua wāhi, ka pāngia te rārangi hoariri e ngā pānga, ka puta te mataku, te hoki whakamuri, te whakangaromanga rawa rānei.
I te nuinga o te wā, i honoa tēnei huarahi ki te tikanga o te "pupuri" i te hoariri i tētahi taha o mua me te iti o ngā hōia, i te wā i huihuia ai te ope matua ki te patu i ētahi atu wāhi. Nā tēnei, i hangaia e Napoleon te mana nui o te rohe ahakoa kāore i te tino pai tana ope katoa i ngā wā katoa.
4. "Tūranga Waenga": Te Hinga i ngā Hoariri i a rātou e Huri Ana
I roto i ētahi pakanga, i tūtaki a Napoleon ki ngā hononga o ngā iwi maha i te wā kotahi. Ko tētahi rautaki rongonui i whakamahia e ia ko te "tūnga pokapū." Mena kei roto te hoariri i ngā rōpū e rua, ka ngana a Napoleon ki te tū i waenganui i a rātou, kātahi ka whakaeke i tētahi taha me te kaha nui i mua i te āwhina a tētahi atu. Kia peia te hoariri tuatahi, ka tahuri ia ki te anga atu ki te rōpū e whai ake nei.
I hiahiatia he tirotiro matatau, he wā tika, me te nekeneke tere mō tēnei rautaki. Mēnā ka tomuri a Napoleon, ka taea e ia te mauhere i a ia e tūtaki ana ki ngā ope taua e rua i te wā kotahi. Heoi, ki te angitu, ka taea e ia te "whakaiti" haere i te kaha o te hononga.
5. Te Whakamahinga o ngā Pū Pū: Te Whakaekenga Pakaru-Hanga
I te wā o Napoleon, i whanake te pū hei taputapu whakatau. He āpiha pū a Napoleon anō hoki, ā, he hohonu tana mōhio ki tēnei patu. Ehara i te mea ko ngā pū anake tana i whakamahi ai mō te pupuhi tawhiti, engari hei taputapu hoki hei pakaru i ngā rārangi hoariri i mua i te whakaekenga a ngā hōia waewae.
Ko tētahi mahi e pā ana ki te momo mahi a Napoleon ko te whakaemi i ngā pū i roto i te "pū nui" hei whiu i te ahi kaha ki tētahi wāhanga o te hoariri. Kia whakararuraruhia te hanganga o te hoariri, ka whakahaua ētahi atu hōia kia uru atu. Arā, i whakamahia ngā pū hei tohu ara, ehara i te mea hei āwhina.
6. Hōia eke hōiho: Whaia, Pakaru, me te Whakangaro
He mahi nui tā te ope hōia eke hōiho i raro i a Napoleon, inā koa i roto i te tirotiro, te whai, me te whakamahi i ngā wikitoria. I te tīmatanga o te hokinga whakamuri o te hoariri, ka whakatūria ngā hōia eke hōiho hei whai me te aukati i te hoariri kei huihui anō. Koinei te huarahi i hurihia ai e Napoleon te wikitoria rautaki: ehara i te mea ko te wikitoria noa i runga i te whenua, engari ko te whakarite kia kore rawa e taea e te hoariri te haere tonu ki te ātete.
I whakamahia anō hoki ngā hōia eke hōiho hei whakaeke i ngā taha, hei tapahi i ngā ara whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, hei whakararuraru rānei i ngā pū o te hoariri. Heoi, i mārama a Napoleon ki ngā mōrearea: ka taea te whakangaro i ngā hōia eke hōiho e whakaeke ana me te kore he tautoko hōia waewae me ngā pū o te hoariri mā te pupuhi tonu.
7. Te Tinihanga me te Mōhiotanga: Te Tinihanga i te Hoariri, Te Whakahaere i te Whenua
I tino whakanuia e Napoleon ngā mōhiohio. I whakawhirinaki ia ki ngā tutei, ki ngā pūrongo ā-rohe, me te whatunga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tere mā roto i ngā kaikawe. Mēnā he pai ake ngā mōhiohio, ka taea e ia te pānui i ngā hiahia o tōna hoa whawhai, ā, ka tere ake tana whakatau. Ko ēnei whakatau tere te tohu o tana momo whakahau.
I tua atu, he maha ngā wā i whakamahia ai e Napoleon te tinihanga: te mea kia whakaaro te hoariri he ngoikore ia i tētahi wāhi, te mea rānei kia hoki whakamuri, i a ia e whakarite ana ki te arotahi mō te whakaekenga matua. I tino pai te mahi a tēnei momo tinihanga nā te mea i rongonui a Napoleon mō te mea kia mataku, kia tino tupato hoki ngā hoariri.
8. Te Whakamahi i te Whenua me te Hinengaro o te Pakanga
I rongonui a Napoleon mō tōna pūkenga ki te whiriwhiri i ngā papa pakanga whai hua. I mārama ia ki te hiranga o ngā pukepuke, ngā awa, ngā ara whaiti, me ngā wāhi e aukati ana i te nekehanga a te hoariri. I ētahi wā, ka tukua e ia te hoariri kia whakaeke i tētahi tūranga ngoikore, kātahi ka pupuhi i te mahanga me te whakaekenga whakahoki mai i te taha, i te tuara rānei.
I tua atu i te papa pakanga, i whakamahia anō hoki e Napoleon te hinengaro. He maha āna wā i whakatō ai i te whakapono ki roto i ana hōia mā roto i ngā whaikōrero me ngā tohu wikitoria. I whakaaro ia he mea nui te wairua o ngā hōia pērā i te tokomaha me ngā patu. I hiahia ia kia whakapono ngā hōia "ka tino toa rātou," kia taea ai e rātou te tu atu ki te pēhanga nui.
9. Ngā ngoikoretanga me ngā herenga o ngā rautaki a Napoleon
Ahakoa tōna pūkenga, kāore i angitu tonu ngā rautaki a Napoleon. I kitea ōna ngoikoretanga matua i te wā i tūtaki ai ia ki ngā tawhiti tawhiti, ki ngā huarere kino, me ngā wero nui o te whakahaere waka—pērā i te whakaekenga o Rūhia i te tau 1812. I uaua te tere me te nekeneke i te wā i kore ai he kai a ngā hōia, i mate ai ngā hōiho, ā, i totoro haere ngā rārangi taonga.
I tua atu, i ako, i urutau hoki ngā hoa whawhai a Napoleon. I tīmata ētahi o ngā hēnerara o te kotahitanga ki te karo i ngā pakanga nui i hiahiatia e Napoleon, engari i whiriwhiria he rautaki hei whakaiti i te kaha o Wīwī mā te pakanga roa. I whakaatuhia e tēnei wheako ahakoa ko ngā rautaki tino whai hua ka whakawhirinaki ki te horopaki, ngā rauemi, me te kaha o te hoariri ki te urutau.
Whakamutunga
Nā ngā rautaki hōia a Napoleon Bonaparte i whakatakoto he paerewa hou mō te pakanga: te nekenekehanga, te ngāwari i roto i te pūnaha ope taua, te whakakotahi i ngā ope ki ngā wāhi whakatau, te whakamahi kaha i ngā pū, me te whakamahi i te wikitoria mā te hunga eke hōiho. I whakakotahi ia i te tere tinana me te whakaaro tere—te whakatau i mua i te rite o te hoariri. Heoi, i te mutunga, he rohe ō ngā rautaki a Napoleon, inā koa i te wā e tūtaki ana ki te hinganga o ngā mahi whakahaere me te hoariri urutau. Ahakoa rā, kei te noho tonu tōna taonga tuku iho rautaki hei kaupapa ako i roto i ngā whare wānanga hōia i ēnei rā, e whakaatu ana i te hiranga o te nekenekehanga, te mōhiotanga, me te mahi tahi ki te whakatau i te putanga o te pakanga.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te tāpiri i ngā tauira o te whakamahinga o ēnei rautaki i roto i ngā pakanga motuhake pērā i a Austerlitz, Jena-Auerstedt, Wagram rānei, kia whai kiko ake ai ngā whakaahua hītori o te tuhinga.
