Te Ahurea o Īhipa Tawhito me ngā Piramiti
Ko Īhipa Tawhito tētahi o ngā iwi tino whakamīharo o te hītori o te tangata. I te taha o te awa o te Nile, i whakawhanakehia e ngā Īhipa o mua ngā tikanga tuku iho, ngā pūnaha kāwanatanga, ngā whakapono, tae atu ki ngā mahi toi hoahoanga e mau tonu ana te awe mō ngā mano tau e haere ake nei. Kei roto i ngā taonga tuku iho rongonui o tēnei iwi ko ngā piramita—he hanganga whakamiharo ehara i te mea he mea whakamiharo o te hangarau engari he mea whakakīia hoki ki te hiranga whakapono, tōrangapū, me te ahurea. Kia tino mārama ai tātou ki ngā piramita, me kite tātou i a rātou hei wāhanga o te ahurea o Īhipa o mua: ko tā rātou tirohanga ki te ora, ki te mate, me te raupapa o te ao tūroa.
Ko te awa o te Nile te toto ora o te ao tūroa
I tupu te awa o te Naera i Ihipa onamata. Nā te waipuke o te Naera i ia tau i kawea mai ai te paru momona, ā, i taea ai e te ahuwhenua te tupu i te koraha. Nā tēnei ahuwhenua i hua ake ai he kai nui, ā, i taea ai e te hapori te hanga i tētahi hanganga pāpori matatini: he kaiahuwhenua, he tohunga toi, he kaituhituhi, he tohunga, he āpiha, he hōia, me te kingi. Ehara i te mea he puna wai noa te Naera, engari he "tuaka ōhanga" anō hoki, he ara kawe waka, he tohu hoki mō te ora. Ko ngā maramataka ahuwhenua, ngā kawa whakapono, me te hokohoko i whakawhirinaki ki ngā rerenga o te awa.
Nā te noho o te awa o te Naera i āwhina te tirohanga a te Ihipiana ki te ao mō te tikanga (ma'at), he ariā ao whānui mō te taurite, te pono, me te rangimarie. I noho a Ma'at hei kaupapa pāpori me te tōrangapū. Ko te kingi—te Parao—te kawenga mō te pupuri i te ma'at hei ārai i te ao kei heke ki te pōrearea.
Te hanganga pāpori me te tūranga o te Parao
I roto i te ahurea o Īhipa onamata, i kitea te Parao hei hononga i waenganui i te ao tangata me te ao o ngā atua. Ehara i te mea ko tana mana tōrangapū anake te mana whakahaere engari he tapu anō hoki. Ko ia te kawenga mō ngā karakia, te tiaki i te kāwanatanga, me te pupuri tonu i te momona o te whenua. Nā tēnei whakapono i ārahi te tautoko hihiri i ngā kaupapa nui pēnei i te hanganga o ngā temepara me ngā piramita, nā te mea i kitea he hononga tika ki te pumau o te ao tūroa.
I raro i ngā Parao, i te mana whakahaere o te kāwanatanga kaha. He mahi nui tā ngā kaituhituhi, nā te mea he pūkenga motuhake te pūkenga ki te pānui me te tuhi i ngā tohu hieroglyph me ngā tohu hieroglyph. I hiahiatia he tuhinga mō ngā rekoata taake, te tohatoha kai, ngā kaupapa hanga whare, tae atu ki ngā kawa whakapono. Nā tēnei ahurea tuhituhi anō hoki i āhei ai a Īhipa ki te whakatū i tētahi whakahaere nui hei tautoko i te hanganga o ngā piramita.
Te whakapono, te mate, me te ao i muri i te matenga
I rongonui a Īhipa o mua mō tōna whakapono ki te ao ā muri ake nei. Ki a rātou, ehara te mate i te mutunga, engari he whakawhiti. Heoi, me whakarite tēnei whakawhiti. Me tiaki te tinana mā te whakamumia, ā, me whakarite te urupā mō te haerenga ki te ao ā muri ake nei: he kai, he taonga whaiaro, he whakapakoko, me ngā tuhinga tapu pērā i te "Ngā Tuhinga Piramide" me te "Pukapuka o te Hunga Mate" o muri mai.
He uaua hoki te ariā o te wairua i Ihipa Tawhito. I reira te ka (pūngao ora), te ba (te taha ora o te tuakiri), me te akh (te mea "angitu" i puta i te whakamātautau). Ko ngā urupā me ngā kawa tangihanga i hangaia hei whakarite i te oranga me te whakakotahitanga o ēnei āhuatanga. Koinei te wāhi i hiranga ai ngā piramita: ehara i te mea he hanganga noa iho, engari he mīhini wairua i āwhina i te kīngi kia ora tonu.
Mai i te mastaba ki te piramiti
I mua i ngā piramita koi, i tanumia ngā rangatira me ngā kīngi o mua ki roto i ngā hanganga tapawhā iti, tapawhā e kiia nei ko ngā mastabas. I whanake ngā Mastabas mai i ngā hanganga māmā ki ngā hanganga uaua ake. I puta he nekehanga nui ki mua i te wā o te kingitanga o Kingi Djoser (Te Tuatoru o ngā Whare Ariki) me te hanganga o te Piramita Hipanga i Saqqara, i hangaia e Imhotep—he tangata i muri mai i whakanuia hei tangata whakaaro nui.
Ko te Piramiti o Djoser he huinga o ētahi mastaba kua whakatakotoria tetahi ki runga i tetahi, hei hanga i tētahi arawhata ki te rangi. I roto i te tohu, ka taea te whakamārama i tēnei hanganga paparanga hei pikinga a Parao ki te ao o ngā atua.
Ngā Piramiti o Giza: te tihi o te kororia
I te wā o te Tuawhā o ngā Whare Ariki te tihi o te hanganga o ngā piramita, inā koa i te whare nui o Giza, me ōna piramita matua e toru: a Khufu (Cheops), a Khafre, me Menkaure. Ko te piramita a Khufu te mea nui rawa atu, ā, ko tētahi tonu o ngā Mea Whakamiharo e Whitu o te Ao Tawhito. He mea whakamiharo te tika o tōna hanganga: tōna aronga tika ki ngā ahunga matua, te piri o ngā poraka kōhatu, me te rahi o te kaupapa.
Kāore i tū motuhake ēnei piramita. Ko ngā whare piramita i te nuinga o te wā ko ngā temepara o te awaawa, ngā ara whakawhiti, ngā temepara tanumanga, ngā piramita iti ake mō ngā kuīni, me ngā urupā āhua mastaba huri noa mō ngā āpiha. E whakaatu ana tēnei he mea nui ngā piramita ki ngā whenua whakapono, tōrangapū, me te pāpori.
Ngā tikanga hanga me te whakaritenga mahi
He maha ngā pūrākau e kī ana i ahu mai ngā piramita i te hanganga o ngā pononga, engari e kī ana ngā taunakitanga whaipara tangata o ēnei rā ko te hunga mahi he nui ake te tūponotanga he kaimahi mohio me ngā kaiahuwhenua i mahi i ngā wā i waipuketia ai ngā mara. I whiwhi rātou i te kai, i te whare, me te tiaki hauora. Ehara i te mea he ngāwari te mahi—he nui tonu te mahi e hiahiatia ana mō te hanganga o ngā piramita—engari kāore te āhua o te "pononga papatipu" e tino rite ana ki ngā kitenga pūtaiao.
E whakaarohia ana ko ngā tikanga kawe kohatu i uru atu ki ngā waka reti i runga i te onepū mākū hei whakapaheke, ngā rīwhi, me ngā pūnaha arawhata o ngā momo hoahoa. I ahu mai ngā poraka kōhatu mō te tinana o te piramiti i ngā keri o te rohe, ko te karāhe mō ngā rūma motuhake i kawea mai i Aswan, he rau kiromita te tawhiti. Ko te whakahaere i ēnei mahi whakahaere e whakaatu ana i te kaha o te kawanatanga o Ihipa onamata ki te whakamahere, te tohatoha rauemi, me te whakarite mahi.
Te tikanga tohu o te piramiti
I roto i te ahurea, he tohu paparanga ngā piramita. He maha ngā wā e hono ana tō rātou āhua kōniko ki te benben, he kōhatu tapu e pā ana ki ngā pūrākau o te hanganga. I te tīmatanga, i hipokina te mata o te piramita ki te kōhatu māeneene maeneene e whakaata ana i te hihi o te rā, e āhua ana kei te kanapa mai i tawhiti—he rite ki te "aratohu mārama" e anga atu ana ki te rangi. He mahi nui tā te rā i roto i te karakia Ihipiana, inā koa i roto i te karakia ki te atua a Ra, nō reira he tika te hononga i waenga i ngā piramita me te karakia ki te rā.
I tua atu, he kōrero tōrangapū anō hoki ngā piramu. Mā te hanga i ngā whakamaharatanga nunui, i whakaatu ngā Parao i tō rātou mana whakahaere i ngā rauemi me te mahi, me te whakaū anō hoki i tō rātou mana atua. He whakatairanga kohatu ngā piramu: he karere e kī ana ka mau tonu te mana o te kingi ki te whenua i te ao kei muri i te mate.
Toi, tuhituhi, me te oranga o ia rā huri noa i te kaupapa piramiti
Nā te kaupapa piramita i whakatairanga te whanaketanga o ngā mahi toi me ngā mahi toi. I hangaia e ngā tohunga toi ngā whakapakoko, ngā whakairo, ngā whakapaipai, me ngā taonga karakia. He maha ngā wā i whakapaipaihia ai ngā pakitara o te urupā ki ngā whakaaturanga o te oranga o ia rā: te ahuwhenua, te hopu manu, te hokohoko, ngā karakia, me ngā hakari. Ehara i te mea he whakapaipai noa iho ēnei whakaaturanga engari i whakaponohia he "whakaatu" makutu i ēnei mahi ki te rangatira o te urupā i te ao kei muri i te mate.
He wāhanga nui anō hoki o tēnei ahurea ngā tohu hieroglyph me ngā tuhinga whakapono. I roto i ētahi piramita o tētahi wā, i whakairohia ngā tuhinga tapu ki ngā pakitara o ngā rūma tanumanga hei āwhina i te haerenga o te wairua o te kīngi. I muri mai ka whanake tēnei tikanga o ngā tuhinga, ka horapa ki ngā urupā ehara i te kīngi, hei tohu i ngā huringa pāpori me ngā huringa whakapono.
He aha i iti iho ai te hanganga o ngā piramita?
I te wā i muri i te Kīngitanga Tawhito, i heke te hanga o ngā piramita nunui. Nā ngā āhuatanga maha tēnei: ngā huringa tōrangapū, ngā āhuatanga ōhanga, me te whanaketanga o ētahi atu tikanga tanumanga. Hei tauira, i te Kīngitanga Hou, i pai ake ngā Parao kia tanumia rātou ki te Raorao o ngā Kīngi, me ngā urupā huna ki ngā pari, hei whakaiti pea i te pahua. Heoi, ahakoa te rerekētanga o ngā āhua o ngā urupā, ko ngā whakaaro o te ora tonu, ngā kawa tanumanga, me te whanaungatanga o te kīngi ki ngā atua i noho tonu hei kaupapa matua o te ahurea.
Te taonga tuku iho o Īhipa onamata ki te ao
Ehara i te mea ko ngā wāhi rongonui noa iho ngā piramita; he tuhinga ahurea i hangaia ki te kōhatu. Mai i ngā piramita, ka ako tātou mō te whakaritenga a Īhipa Tawhito i tōna āhua, te whakawhanake i te hangarau, te whakawhanake i te toi, me te mārama ki te ao i muri i te mate. E whakaatu ana te ahurea o Īhipa Tawhito i te āhua o te whakapono ki te hanga whare, te hanumitanga o ngā mahi tōrangapū me te whakapono, me te āhua o te taea e te hapori te waihanga i ngā mahi i tua atu i tōna wā.
Hei whakamutunga, e whakamahara mai ana ngā piramita ki a tātou kāore ngā iwi nunui e inehia ana e tō rātou kaha hōia, e te whānuitanga rānei o te rohe, engari e tō rātou kaha ki te hanga tikanga tahi. Ko Īhipa onamata, me ōna piramita hei whakaaturanga matua, i waiho he karere mō te manawanui, te tikanga, me te rapu i te mutunga kore—he taonga tuku iho e mau tonu ana te hiahia o te tangata tae noa mai ki tēnei rā.
