Te Tātai Nekehanga Tika i roto i te Ahupūngao
He ariā taketake te nekehanga rārangi i roto i te ahupūngao, e ako ana i te nekehanga o tētahi mea i runga i te rārangi tika. He mea nui te mārama ki te nekehanga rārangi nā te mea ka whakatakoto i te tūāpapa mō te mārama ki ētahi atu ariā nekehanga. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā momo nekehanga rārangi, ō rātou tātai e pā ana, me ngā whakamahinga o te nekehanga rārangi i roto i te oranga o ia rā.
Ngā Momo Nekehanga Tika
E rua ngā momo matua o te nekehanga rārangi i roto i te ahupūngao: te nekehanga rārangi ōrite (GLB) me te nekehanga rārangi tere ōrite (GLBB).
1. Nekehanga Raina Āhua (GLB)
Ko te GLB te nekehanga o tētahi mea i te tere pumau i runga i tētahi rārangi tika. I roto i te GLB, kāore he huringa o te tere, nō reira he kore te whakaterenga o te mea. Ko ngā tātai e whakamahia ana i roto i te GLB koia ēnei:
– Tātai Tere Pūmau:
\[
v = \frac{s}{t}
\]
Kei hea:
– Ko te tere (m/s) te v
– Ko te tawhiti i haerea (m) ko te \( s \),
– Ko te (s) te wā haere.
– Tātai Tawhiti:
\[
s = v \cdot t
\]
Kei hea:
– Ko te tawhiti i haerea (m) ko te \( s \),
– Ko te tere (m/s) te v
– Ko te (s) te wā haere.
2. Te Nekehanga Raina Whakatere Taurite (GLBB)
Ko te GLBB te nekehanga o tētahi mea me te whakaterenga pumau. I roto i te GLBB, ka huri te tere o te mea i runga i te rārangi i te wā. E rua ngā momo GLBB: te whakaterenga (whakaterenga pai) me te whakahekenga (whakaterenga kino). Ko ngā tātai e whakamahia ana i roto i te GLBB koia ēnei:
– Tātai Tere Whakamutunga:
\[
v = v_0 + a \cdot t
\]
Kei hea:
– Ko te tere whakamutunga (m/s) te \( v \),
– Ko te tere tīmatanga (m/s) te v_0,
– Ko te whakaterenga (m/s²) te \( a \),
– Ko te (s) te wā haere.
– Tātai Tawhiti:
\[
s = v_0 \cdot t + \frac{1}{2} a \cdot t^2
\]
Kei hea:
– Ko te tawhiti i haerea (m) ko te \( s \),
– Ko te tere tīmatanga (m/s) te v_0,
– Ko te whakaterenga (m/s²) te \( a \),
– Ko te (s) te wā haere.
– Te Tātai Tere Whakamutunga (e pā ana ki te tawhiti):
\[
v^2 = v_0^2 + 2a \cdot s
\]
Kei hea:
– Ko te tere whakamutunga (m/s) te \( v \),
– Ko te tere tīmatanga (m/s) te v_0,
– Ko te whakaterenga (m/s²) te \( a \),
– Ko te tawhiti i haerea (m) ko \( s \).
Nekehanga Hinga Noa
Ko te hinganga kore utu he tauira motuhake o te GLBB, ko te whakaterenga e pā ana ki tētahi mea ko te whakaterenga nā te kaha ā-papa (\(g \)). Ka pāngia tētahi mea e hinga kore utu e te whakaterenga pumau o \(9.8 \, \text{m/s}^2 \) ki waenganui o te Ao, ki te kore e arohia te ātete hau. Ko ngā tātai mō te hinganga kore utu koia ēnei:
– Tātai Tere Whakamutunga:
\[
v = g \cdot t
\]
Kei hea:
– Ko te tere whakamutunga (m/s) te \( v \),
– Ko te whakaterenga nā te kaha ā-papatipu te \( g \) (\( 9.8 \, \text{m/s}^2 \)),
– Ko te (s) te wā haere.
– Tātai Tawhiti:
\[
h = \frac{1}{2} karamu \cdot t^2
\]
Kei hea:
– Ko te teitei, ko te tawhiti rānei i haerea (m) ko \( h \),
– Ko te whakaterenga nā te kaha ā-papatipu te \( g \) (\( 9.8 \, \text{m/s}^2 \)),
– Ko te (s) te wā haere.
Nekehanga Poutū ki Runga
Ko te nekehanga poutū ki runga he tauira anō hoki o te GLBB, engari he whakaterenga kino nā te mea ka whakaroa te kaha ā-papa i te nekehanga ki runga. Ko ngā tātai e whakamahia ana koia ēnei:
– Tātai Tere Whakamutunga:
\[
v = v_0 – g \cdot t
\]
Kei hea:
– Ko te tere whakamutunga (m/s) te \( v \),
– Ko te tere tīmatanga (m/s) te v_0,
– Ko te whakaterenga nā te kaha ā-papatipu te \( g \) (\( 9.8 \, \text{m/s}^2 \)),
– Ko te (s) te wā haere.
– Tātai Tawhiti:
\[
h = v_0 \cdot t – \frac{1}{2} g \cdot t^2
\]
Kei hea:
– Ko te teitei, ko te tawhiti rānei i haerea (m) ko \( h \),
– Ko te tere tīmatanga (m/s) te v_0,
– Ko te whakaterenga nā te kaha ā-papatipu te \( g \) (\( 9.8 \, \text{m/s}^2 \)),
– Ko te (s) te wā haere.
Ngā Whakamahinga o te Nekehanga Tika i te Oranga o Ia Rā
1. Te kawe waka
E whakamahia ana te ariā o te nekehanga rārangi i roto i te hoahoa me te tātari i ngā nekehanga waka pēnei i ngā motuka, ngā tereina, me ngā waka rererangi. Mā te mārama ki te tere, te whakaterenga, me te tawhiti i haerea, ka taea e ngā kaihangarau te hoahoa i ngā pūnaha kawe waka whai hua me te haumaru.
2. Ngā Hākinakina
I ngā hākinakina pēnei i te oma, te eke pahikara rānei, ka whakamahia e ngā kaitākaro me ngā kaiako ngā mātāpono o te nekehanga rārangi hei ine me te whakapai ake i te mahi. Ka tatauhia te tere me te wā hei whakatau i te rautaki pai rawa atu mō te whakataetae.
3. Te Tātaritanga Ao
Ka whakamahia hoki te nekehanga poutū i roto i te whetū arorangi hei ako i te nekehanga o ngā tinana o te rangi. Hei tauira, ka taea te tātari i te nekehanga o ngā aorangi huri noa i te rā mā te whakamahi i ngā ture nekehanga a Newton me te ture ā-papa.
4. Hanganga
I roto i te ao hanga, ka whakamahia e ngā miihini te ariā o te nekehanga tika hei whakarite kia taea e ngā hanganga whare te tu atu i ngā kawenga me ngā pēhanga me te kore e pā ki ngā whakarerekētanga morearea.
Te Hiranga o te Mārama ki te Nekehanga Tūtika
He taahiraa nui te mārama ki te nekehanga rārangi i roto i te ako i te ahupūngao me ētahi atu pūtaiao. Ko ngā ariā taketake i akohia mā te nekehanga rārangi te pūtake mō te mārama ki ngā nekehanga uaua ake, pērā i te nekehanga porowhita, te nekehanga hāmoni, me te nekehanga ngaru. Hei tāpiri, ka āwhina hoki te mārama ki te nekehanga rārangi ki te whakawhanake i ngā pūkenga whakaoti rapanga me te whakaaroaro arohaehae, he mea whai hua i roto i ngā momo kaupapa ako me ngā tono mahi.
Whakamutunga
Ko te nekehanga rārangi he ariā taketake i roto i te ahupūngao e kapi ana i ngā momo nekehanga, tae atu ki te nekehanga rārangi ōrite (GLB) me te nekehanga rārangi tere ōrite (GLBB). Mā te mārama ki ngā tātai me ngā mātāpono taketake o te nekehanga rārangi, ka taea e tātou te tātari me te matapae i te nekehanga o ngā mea i roto i ngā āhuatanga rerekē. Ka kitea ngā tono o te nekehanga rārangi i roto i ngā āhuatanga maha o te oranga o ia rā, mai i te kawe waka ki ngā hākinakina, mai i te whetū ki te hanga. Nō reira, ko te māramatanga pakari ki te nekehanga rārangi te mea nui ki te matatau ki ngā ariā ahupūngao matatau ake me te whakamahi i te pūtaiao i roto i ngā mahi o ia rā.
