Ngā Tātai o te Kaha Waku Pūmau me te Kaha Kinetic
Ko te waku he kaha e mahi ana ki te whakahē i te nekehanga whanaunga i waenga i ngā mata e rua e pā ana. E rua ngā momo waku matua: te waku pumau me te waku nekeneke. He mea nui ngā mahi a ēnei e rua i roto i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me ngā tono mahi. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā whakamāramatanga, ngā tātai, me ngā tono o te waku pumau me te waku nekeneke, me te whakarato tauira tātai hei whakamārama i ēnei ariā.
Te Mārama ki te Waku
Ko te waku he kaha e ātete ana i te nekehanga whanaunga i waenga i ngā mata e rua e pā ana. Ka puta mai tēnei kaha i ngā taunekeneke moroiti i waenga i ngā mata taratara i te taumata moroiti. E rua ngā momo matua o te waku:
1. Te Waku Pūmau: He kaha e aukati ana i te tīmatanga o te nekehanga i waenga i ngā mata e rua e pā ana. Ka mahi tēnei kaha waku kia tae rā anō ki te rohe mōrahi, e kiia nei ko te kaha waku pūmau mōrahi.
2. Te Waku Kinetika: Ko te kaha e mahi ana ki te whakahē i te nekehanga whanaunga i waenga i ngā mata e rua e neke ana tetahi ki tetahi. Ko te kaha waku kinetika he iti ake i te kaha waku pumau mōrahi.
Tātai Kaha Waku Pūmau
Ko te kaha waku pumau (\(f_s\)) te kaha me wikitoria hei tīmata i te nekehanga whanaunga i waenga i ngā mata e rua. He rite tonu tēnei kaha ki te kaha noa (\(N\)) e pā ana ki te mea me te tauwehenga o te waku pumau (\(\mu_s\)). Ko te tātai ko:
\[ f_s \leq \mu_s N \]
Kei hea:
– Ko te kaha waku pumau (Newton, N) te \(f_s\),
– Ko te \(\mu_s\) te tauwehenga o te waku pumau (kāore he waeine),
– Ko te kaha noa e pā ana ki te mea (Newton, N) ko \(N\).
Ka eke te kaha waku pumau ki tōna uara mōrahi ina tae te mea ki te pūwāhi i mua tata tonu i te tīmatanga o te neke:
\[ f_s^{\kuputuhi{mōrahi}} = \mu_s N \]
Tātai Kaha Waku Kinetic
Ko te kaha waku nekeneke (\(f_k\)) te kaha e mahi ana ki te nekehanga whanaunga i waenga i ngā mata e rua e neke haere ana tetahi ki tetahi. He rite anō hoki tēnei kaha ki te kaha noa (\(N\)) e mahi ana ki te mea me te tauwehenga o te waku nekeneke (\(\mu_k\)). Ko te tātai ko:
\[ f_k = \mu_k N \]
Kei hea:
– Ko te kaha waku nekeneke (Newton, N) te \(f_k\),
– Ko te \(\mu_k\) te tauwehenga o te waku nekeneke (kāore he waeine),
– Ko te kaha noa e pā ana ki te mea (Newton, N) ko \(N\).
Te rerekētanga i waenga i te waku pumau me te waku kinetic
1. Te Rahi o te Kaha: Ko te kaha waku pumau mōrahi he nui ake, he ōrite rānei ki te kaha waku nekeneke. Ko te tikanga he nui ake te kaha e hiahiatia ana hei tīmata i te nekehanga o tētahi mea i tōna kaha hei pupuri i te mea kia neke.
2. Tauwehenga o te Waku: Ko te tauwehenga o te waku pumau (\(\mu_s\)) he nui ake i te tauwehenga o te waku nekeneke (\(\mu_k\)). E tohu ana tēnei he uaua ake te whakaoho i tētahi mea kia neke i te pupuri i tōna nekehanga.
Ngā Whakamahinga o te Waku i roto i te Oranga o Ia Rā
He maha ngā whakamahinga nui o te waku, arā, te waku tūmau me te waku nekeneke, i roto i te oranga o ia rā me te hangarau. Anei ētahi tauira:
Kendaraan
I roto i ngā waka, he mea nui te waku i waenga i ngā potae me te mata o te rori mō te kukume me te whakahaere. Mā te waku pumau ka taea e te waka te tīmata me te whakatere, ko te waku nekeneke he mea nui ki te whakaroa me te whakamutu i te waka. Kua hangaia ngā pūnaha pēki hei whakamahi i te waku nekeneke hei whakamutu haumaru i te waka.
Peralatan Rumah Tangga
He mea nui anō hoki te waku i roto i ngā taputapu whare maha. Hei tauira, ina whakamahia he mīhini huri kawhe, mā te waku i waenga i ngā pīni kawhe me ngā mata o te mīhini huri ka taea te wawahi i ngā pīni kia iti ake. I roto i te mīhini horoi, mā te waku i waenga i ngā kākahu me te pahu ka āwhina i te tango i te paru mai i ngā muka kakahu.
Hākinakina
I roto i ngā hākinakina, he mea nui te waku ki te mahi a te kaitākaro. I roto i ngā hākinakina pēnei i te whutupaoro, te poitūkohu rānei, he nui te waku o ngā hu he kapu rapa hei ārai i te paheke. I roto i ngā reihi motuka, ka whakamahia ngā potae kua hangaia motuhake hei whakanui ake i te waku ki te mata o te ara, kia taea ai e ngā motuka te huri i ngā tere teitei me te kore e paheke.
Hanganga me te Ahumahi
I roto i te hanganga, ka whakamahia te waku hei whakau i ngā hanganga. Hei tauira, ka puta he waku e ranea ana i te titi, i te whao rānei kua werohia ki te whenua hei ātete i ngā kawenga poutū. I roto i te umanga hanga, ka whakamahia te waku i roto i ngā tukanga pēnei i te huri me te tapahi i te konganuku.
Tauira o te Tātaitanga o te Kaha Waku
Me titiro tātou ki ētahi tauira o ngā tataunga kaha waku i ngā āhuatanga rerekē hei whakamārama i tō tātou māramatanga.
Tauira 1: Te Tatau i te Kaha Waku Pūmau
Kei runga i tētahi mata papatahi tētahi pouaka, he 10 kg te taumaha. Ko te tauwehenga o te waku pumau i waenga i te pouaka me te mata he 0.5. Tātaihia te kaha waku pumau mōrahi ka taea te mahi ki runga i te pouaka.
E mōhiotia ana:
– Taumaha (\(m\)) = 10 kg,
– Tauwehenga waku pumau (\(\mu_s\)) = 0.5,
– Te whakaterenga nā te kaha ā-papa (\(g\)) = 9.8 \(m/s^2\).
Te tatau i te kaha noa (\(N\)):
\[ N = mg \]
\[ N = 10 \, \text{kg} \times 9.8 \, \text{m/s}^2 \]
\[ N = 98 \, \kuputuhi{N} \]
Te tatau i te kaha waku pūmau mōrahi (\(f_s^{\text{max}}\)):
\[ f_s^{\kuputuhi{mōrahi}} = \mu_s N \]
\[ f_s^{\text{max}} = 0.5 \times 98 \, \text{N} \]
\[ f_s^{\kuputuhi{mōrahi}} = 49 \, \kuputuhi{N} \]
Nō reira, ko te kaha waku pūmau mōrahi ka taea te mahi ki runga i te pouaka ko 49 N.
Tauira 2: Te Tatau i te Kaha Waku Kinetic
Ka tōia tētahi poraka he 15 kg te taumaha puta noa i tētahi mata papatahi i te tere pumau. Ko te tauwehenga o te waku nekeneke i waenga i te poraka me te mata he 0.3. Tātaihia te kaha o te waku nekeneke e pā ana ki te poraka.
E mōhiotia ana:
– Taumaha (\(m\)) = 15 kg,
– Te tauwehenga o te waku nekeneke (\(\mu_k\)) = 0.3,
– Te whakaterenga nā te kaha ā-papa (\(g\)) = 9.8 \(m/s^2\).
Te tatau i te kaha noa (\(N\)):
\[ N = mg \]
\[ N = 15 \, \text{kg} \times 9.8 \, \text{m/s}^2 \]
\[ N = 147 \, \kuputuhi{N} \]
Te tatau i te kaha waku nekeneke (\(f_k\)):
\[ f_k = \mu_k N \]
\[ f_k = 0.3 \times 147 \, \text{N} \]
\[ f_k = 44.1 \, \kuputuhi{N} \]
Nō reira, ko te kaha waku nekeneke e pā ana ki te poraka he 44.1 N.
Whakamutunga
Ko te waku, te waku pumau me te waku nekeneke, he ariā taketake i roto i te ahupūngao me ngā tono mahi maha. Ko te waku pumau te kaha e aukati ana i te tīmatanga o te nekehanga whanaunga i waenga i ngā mata e rua, ko te waku nekeneke ia ko te kaha e ātete ana i te nekehanga whanaunga i waenga i ngā mata kua neke kē. Ko te tauwehenga waku, te waku pumau me te waku nekeneke, he mea nui e awe ana i te rahi o te waku. Mā te mārama ki ngā tātai me ngā ariā taketake o te waku ka taea e tātou te tātari i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te hoahoa i ngā pūnaha whai hua ake, haumaru ake hoki i roto i ngā horopaki o ia rā me te hangarau.
