Ngā Tātai Āhuatanga me te Kaha Noa
Ko te kaha ā-papatipu me te kaha noa he ariā matua e rua i roto i te ahupūngao, he mea nui hei mārama ki ngā āhuatanga hihiri me ngā āhuatanga pumau. E pā ana ēnei ki ngā kaha e pā ana ki ngā mea i raro i te awe o te kaha ā-papatipu me ngā mata e tautoko ana i a rātou. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka matapakihia e mātou ngā whakamāramatanga, ngā tātai, me ngā whakamahinga o te kaha ā-papatipu me te kaha noa.
Te Mārama ki te Āhuatanga o te Ao
Ko te kaha ā-papatipu te kaha e pā ana ki tētahi mea nā te kaha ā-papatipu o Papatūānuku. E tohu tonu ana tēnei kaha ki waenganui o Papatūānuku, ā, ko tōna rahi e whakawhirinaki ana ki te papatipu o te mea me te whakaterenga ā-papatipu. Mā te pāngarau, ka taea te whakaatu i te kaha ā-papatipu (W) mā te tātai:
\[ W = m \cdot g \]
kāore i te mana:
– Ko te kaha ā-papatipu (i roto i ngā Newton, N) te \( W \),
– Ko te taumaha o te mea (i roto i ngā kirokaramu, kg) ko te \( m \),
– Ko te whakaterenga nā te kaha ā-papatipu (i roto i ngā mita ia hekona tapawhā, m/s²) te \( g \).
Ko te uara o te whakaterenga ā-papa \( g \) i runga i te mata o te Ao he tata ki te 9.81 m/s². Heoi, ka rerekē pea tēnei uara i runga i te tauwāhi matawhenua me te teitei o tētahi wāhi.
Tauira o te Tatau i te Āhuatanga Taumaha
Mena he 10 kg te taumaha o tētahi mea, ka taea te tatau i tōna kaha ā-papatipu penei:
\[ W = 10 \, \text{kg} \times 9.81 \, \text{m/s}^2 \]
\[ W = 98.1 \, \text{N} \]
Ko te tikanga o tēnei, ko te kaha ā-papa o tētahi mea he 10 kg te taumaha, he 98.1 Newtons tōna.
Te Whakamāramatanga o te Kaha Noa
Ko te kaha noa ko te kaha e pā ana ki tētahi mata e whakatakotoria ana ki runga. He poutū tonu tēnei kaha ki te mata e pā ana. Ka puta te kaha noa hei tauhohenga ki te kaha ā-papa o te mea, ā, ka ārai i te mea kei uru ki te mata.
Mena kei roto te mea i te taurite, ā, kāore he kaha kē atu e mahi poutū ana i tua atu i te kaha ā-papa me te kaha noa, ko te rahi o te kaha noa he ōrite ki te rahi o te kaha ā-papa, engari kei te taha kē. Ko te tikanga tēnei:
\[ N = W \]
\[ N = m \cdot g \]
kāore i te mana:
– Ko te kaha noa (i roto i ngā Newton, N) ko \( N).
Tauira o te Tātaitanga o te Kaha Noa
Mena kei runga i te mata papatahi tētahi mea he 10 kg te taumaha, ko te kaha noa e pā ana ki taua mea ko:
\[ N = 10 \, \text{kg} \times 9.81 \, \text{m/s}^2 \]
\[ N = 98.1 \, \kuputuhi{N} \]
E whakaatu ana tēnei ko te kaha noa e pā ana ki te mata o te mea he 98.1 Newton, he rite tonu ki te taumaha o te mea engari kei te taha kē.
Te Pānga o te Koki Hinga ki te Kaha Noa
Ina kei runga te mea i tētahi mata piko, kāore te kaha noa e pā ana ki te mea e ōrite ana ki tōna kaha ā-papatipu. I runga i tētahi mata piko, ka taea te wehewehe i te kaha ā-papatipu kia rua ngā wāhanga: tētahi e whakarara ana ki te mata (te wāhanga whakarara) me tētahi e poutū ana ki te mata (te wāhanga noa). Ka pā noa te kaha noa ki te wāhanga e poutū ana ki te mata.
Mena ko te koki o te piko o te mata ko \( \theta \), ko te wāhanga o te kaha ā-papa e poutū ana ki te mata ko:
\[ W_{\perp} = W \cdot \cos \theta \]
\[ W_{\perp} = m \cdot g \cdot \cos \theta \]
Kātahi ko te kaha noa (N) i runga i te mata piko ko:
\[ N = m \cdot g \cdot \cos \theta \]
Tauira o te Tatau i te Kaha Noa i runga i te Mata Piko
Mena kei runga i tētahi mata e anga whakarara ana i te koki o te 30° tētahi mea he 10 kg te taumaha, ka taea te tatau i te kaha noa penei:
\[ N = 10 \, \kuputuhi{kg} \times 9.81 \, \kuputuhi{m/s}^2 \times \cos 30^\circ \]
\[ N = 10 \whakareatia 9.81 \whakareatia 0.866 \]
\[ N = 84.9 \, \kuputuhi{N} \]
Te Whakamahinga o te Āhuatanga Taumaha me te Āhua Noa
He mea tino nui te mārama ki te kaha ā-papa me te kaha noa i roto i ngā mahi o ia rā, tae atu ki ngā mara o te hangarau me te pūtaiao. Anei ētahi tauira:
1. Hoahoa Hanganga Whare
I roto i te hangarau ā-iwi me te hoahoanga, he mea nui te tatau i te kaha ā-papatipu me ngā kaha noa kia taea ai e te whare te tautoko i ngā kawenga e pā ana ki runga, me te kore e hinga. Hei tauira, i te wā e hoahoa ana i tētahi piriti, i tētahi whare teitei rānei, me whai whakaaro ngā kaihangarau ki te kaha ā-papatipu o te hanganga tonu me ngā kawenga tāpiri pērā i ngā waka, i ngā tāngata rānei.
2. Te kawe waka
I roto i te kawe waka, inā koa i roto i te hoahoa waka, ka pā te tatau i te kaha ā-papa me ngā kaha noa ki te pumau me te mahi a te waka. Hei tauira, ina taraiwa ana te waka i runga i te pari, me rawaka te kaha noa e pā ana ki ngā potae hei ārai i te waka kei paheke.
3. Ngā Hākinakina
I ngā hākinakina pēnei i te retihuka, te retihuka rānei, he mea nui te kaha ā-papa me ngā kaha noa ki te whakatau i te nekehanga o te kaitākaro i runga i te pari. Me whakanoho e ngā kaitākaro ō rātou tinana kia pai ai te wāhanga kaha ā-papa e tautoko ana i te whakaterenga, te whakahekenga rānei.
4. Wāhi
I roto i te tūhuratanga ātea, he rerekē ngā tataunga ā-papatipu nā te mea he rerekē te whakaterenga ā-papatipu i te ātea i tērā i te Ao. Me whai whakaaro ngā kairangi whetū me ngā kaipūtaiao ki ēnei rerekētanga ā-papatipu me ngā kaha noa i roto i te hoahoa me te whakahaere i ngā misioni ātea.
Whakamutunga
Ko te kaha ā-papatipu me te kaha noa he ariā matua e rua i roto i te ahupūngao e hono tata ana. Ko te kaha ā-papatipu te kaha e puta mai ana i te kaha ā-papatipu e pā ana ki te papatipu o tētahi mea, ko te kaha noa ia ko te kaha e whakamahia ana e tētahi mata hei tautoko i te mea. He mea nui te mārama ki ngā tātai me ngā mātāpono e tautoko ana i ēnei kaha i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā tono mahi, mai i te hoahoa hanganga whare ki ngā hākinakina me te tūhuratanga ā-mokowā.
Mā te mārama ki ēnei ariā, ka taea e tātou te tātari me te matapae i te whanonga o ngā mea i raro i te awe o ēnei kaha, ā, ka whakamahia hoki i roto i ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te ao o ia rā me ngā mara o te pūtaiao me te hangarau.
