Ngā Taputapu Whatu Tātai Mōhiti Tirotiro Karu

Ngā tauira pātai me ngā tātai mō ngā taputapu whatu, ngā kanohi, ngā mōhiti, ngā karu tirotiro

Mata

1. Ko tētahi o ngā taputapu whatu taiao ko te kanohi. I roto i te tukanga tirohanga, ka hangaia he ahua...

1. Pono, tika, tika tonu ki te retina
2. Pono, hurihia, tika tonu ki te retina
3. Mariko, poutū, matau ki te retina
4. Ko Maya, kei raro iho, kei te retina tonu

Kōrero
Ko te pūwāhi tata o te kanohi noa toharite he 25 cm. Ko te pūwāhi tata te tawhiti tata rawa atu ka taea e te kanohi te arotahi. Ko te whānui o te kanohi tangata he iti iho i te 25 cm, nō reira he iti iho hoki te roa arotahi o te karu kanohi i te 25 cm. Nō reira, me nui ake te tawhiti (s) o te mea i te roa arotahi o te pūnaha karu kanohi (f).

He karāhe pūkohu te pūnaha karāhe kanohi. Nō reira, ko te āhua o te ahua i hangaia e te pūnaha karāhe kanohi i te wā o te tirohanga he rite tonu ki te āhua o te ahua i hangaia e te karāhe pūkohu. Ko ngā āhuatanga o te ahua i hangaia e te pūnaha karāhe kanohi ina nui ake te tawhiti (s) o te mea i te roa arotahi (f), koia ēnei:
– He pono, he pono rānei
- Whakamuri
– Kua whakaitihia
– Kei te taha tonu o te retina

Me tino tika te tūnga o te ahua ki runga i te retina nā te mea ka hurihia e te retina ngā ngaru mārama hei tohu hiko ka tukuna ki te roro. Ahakoa kua hurihia te ahua, ka whakatū tika te roro tangata, kia puta ai he āhua poutū o ngā mea e kitea ana e te kanohi.

Ko te whakautu tika ko B.

Ngā mōhiti

2. Ko te pūwāhi tata o te tangata he 16 henimita, ko te pūwāhi tawhiti he 80 henimita. Mēnā he mōhiti āna, ka kitea mārama e ia ngā mea tino tawhiti. Mā te whakamahi i ēnei mōhiti, ko te tawhiti ki te mea tata rawa atu ka kitea mārama e ia ko….

1. 13 1/3 henimita
2. 20 cm
3. 36 cm
4. 48 1/3 henimita

Kōrero
E mōhiotia ana:
Ko te pito tawhiti o te tangata he 80 henemita noa iho, nō reira ka taea te whakatau he kanohi tawhiti te tangata.
Ka puta te tirohanga tata nā te mea he piko ake, he papatahi ake rānei te pūnaha arotahi o te kanohi i tōna āhua tika i te kanohi noa, ka whakaiti i tōna roa arotahi. Mā tēnei ka arotahi ngā hihi mārama mai i ngā mea i te mutunga kore (te pūwāhi tawhiti) ki mua i te retina, kaua ki runga i te retina.
I pātaihia: Ko te tawhiti o te mea tata rawa atu ka kitea mārama mā te whakamahi i ngā mōhiti
Whakautu:
Ko te pūwāhi tawhiti o te tangata he 80 cm. Me hanga e ngā karāhe mōhiti he ahua 80 cm ki mua i a ia. Kei mua i te kanohi te ahua me ngā karāhe mōhiti, nō reira he mariko, he poutū te ahua. Nō reira ko te tawhiti o te ahua (s') = -80 cm.
Ki te mau mōhiti te tangata, ka kitea mārama e ia ngā mea i tawhiti rawa. Nō reira, ko te tawhiti o te mea (ngā) = te pūwāhi tawhiti o te kanohi noa = mutunga kore = ~.

Te roa o te arotahi o te karu tirohanga:
1/h = 1/h + 1/h'
1/f = 1/~ + (- 1/80)
1/f = 0 – 1/80
1/f = – 1/80
wh = – 80 / 1
wh = – 80 henemita
Ko te roa arotahi kino ko te tikanga he arotahi kōpiko te arotahi mōhiti e whakamahia ana, he arotahi wehewehe rānei.

Mena ka whakamahia e te tangata ngā karāhe mōhiti kotahi, he aha te tawhiti o te mea tata rawa atu ka kitea mārama? Ko te roa arotahi o te karāhe (f) = -80 cm. Me hanga e te karāhe he ahua i te tawhiti 16 cm i mua i te kanohi me te karāhe kia mariko ai te ahua, ā, he tohu kino. Nō reira, ko te tawhiti o te ahua (s') = -16 cm.
1/s = 1/f – 1/s' = -1/80 – (-1/16) = -1/80 + 1/16 = -1/80 + 5/80 = 4/80
s = 80/4 = 20 henemita.
Ko te mea tata rawa atu ka kitea e ia he 20 henemita.
Ko te whakautu tika ko B.

3. He taputapu ngā mōhiti hei āwhina i a koe ki te kite mārama. He maha ngā wā ka kite koe i ō hoa e mau ana i ngā mōhiti. He aha te ara tika o ngā hihi mārama mā roto i ngā karāhe e mau ana ō hoa?

Kōrero

Ko te karāhe mōhiti i whakamahia, i runga i te ahua, he karāhe kōpiko. Ko te ara o te hihi mārama e haere mai ana e hurihia ana e te karāhe kōpiko me rite ki te whakautu B.

4. Mātakihia te ahua e whai ake nei o te ara o te mārama mā roto i te kanohi i mua me muri i te mau mōhiti. I runga i te ahua, ka taea te whakatau ko…
Kōrero
Tirohanga tawhiti = hypermetropia
Arotahi pūtahi = arotahi pūtahi = arotahi pai
Ko te whakautu tika ko B.

Ngā karu tirotiro

5. Ko te whakanui o tētahi karu tiro he 10 cm te roa ko te 3. Ko te roa arotahi o te arotahi me te roa arotahi o te karu tirotiro he….

1. 5 henimita me te 5 henimita
2. 7,5 henimita me te 2,5 henimita
3. 2,5 henimita me te 7,5 henimita
4. 4 henimita me te 6 henimita

Kōrero
E mōhiotia ana:
Whakanui karu-ā-kanohi (M) = 3
Te roa o te karu tirotiro (l) = 10 cm
I pātaihia: Te roa arotahi o te arotahi whāinga me te roa arotahi o te arotahi karu
Whakautu:
Ko te tātai mō te roa o te karu tiro (l) ina noho te kanohi ki te wāhi iti rawa:
l = f_ob +f_ok
10 henimita = wh_ob +f_ok  - Whārite 1

Ko te tātai mō te whakanui i ngā karu tirotiro (M) ina iti rawa te taunga o te kanohi:
M = f_ob / wh_ok
3 = f_ob / wh_ok
f_ob = 3 f_ok - Whārite 2

Whakakapia te f_ob I te whārite 1 me te f_ok I te whārite 2 :
10 henimita = wh_ob +f_ok 
10 henimita = 3 wh_ok +f_ok 
10 henimita = 4 wh_ok
f_ok = 10 henimita / 4
f_ok = 2,5cm
Te roa o te arotahi o te karu tirohanga = 2,5 cm
Te roa o te arotahi o te karu arotahi = 3 f_ok = 3 (2,5 henimita) = 7,5 henimita

Ko te roa arotahi o te karāhe arotahi me te roa arotahi o te karāhe karu he 7,5 cm me te 2,5 cm ia.
Ko te whakautu tika ko B.

Pūtake pātai:

Ngā Pātai OSN mō te Ahupūngao o te Kura Tuarua