Te Whakawhanaungatanga a Einstein: Te Tūhura i te Ao Kāore e Kitea
I te tīmatanga o te rautau 20, i wiri te ao ahupūngao i tētahi kaipūtaiao taitamariki ko Albert Einstein tōna ingoa, nā tana ariā hurihuri i mōhiotia ko te Ariā o te Whakawhanaungatanga. Kāore i te mea i whakarerekē noa tēnei ariā i tā tātou tirohanga ki te ao whānui, engari i whakatuwhera hoki i te tatau ki ngā kitenga hangarau maha e pārekareka ana ki a tātou i ēnei rā. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga ngā wāhanga matua e rua o te ariā—te Whakawhanaungatanga Motuhake me te Whakawhanaungatanga Whānui—me ō rāua pānga ki te pūtaiao me te hangarau.
Te Whakawhanaungatanga Motuhake
I te tau 1905 i whakauru tuatahi a Einstein i te Whakawhanaungatanga Motuhake i roto i tētahi tuhinga i tapaina ko "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies." Ko te ariā matua o te ariā ko ngā ture ahupūngao he rite tonu i roto i ngā anga tohutoro inertial katoa, ā, he pumau te tere o te mārama i roto i te korehau, ā, kāore e pā ki te nekehanga o te pūtake, o te kaimātakitaki rānei.
Kaupapa Kī
1. Anga Tohutoro Ā-Inertia: He anga tohutoro tēnei kāore ngā mea e tere haere. He rite tonu te mahi a ngā ture ahupūngao i roto i ngā anga tohutoro ā-inertia katoa, e whakahē ana i te tirohanga tawhito e kiia ana ko te wā me te wāhi he mea tino tūturu.
2. Te Tere Pūmau o te Mārama: He rite tonu te tere o te mārama (c) i roto i te korehau, arā, tata ki te 299,792 kiromita ia hekona, ahakoa te tere o te kaimātakitaki, o te pūtake mārama rānei.
Ngā Huanga o te Whakawhanaungatanga Motuhake
1. Te Whakawhanuitanga o te Wā: Ka pōturi ake te neke o te wā mō tētahi mea e neke ana i te taha o tētahi kaimātakitaki tūmau. Kua whakaaturia tēnei mā roto i ngā whakamātautau pērā i ngā karaka atomika e whakaatu ana he pōturi ake te neke o te wā i roto i tētahi waka rererangi tere.
2. Te Whakaiti i te Roa: Ka ahua poto ake te āhua o te mea e neke ana i te ahunga o tōna nekehanga ina tirohia mai i tētahi anga tohutoro tūmau.
3. Taurite Papatipu-Pūngao (E=mc²): Koinei tētahi o ngā tātai rongonui i ahu mai i te Whakawhanaungatanga Motuhake. E kī ana ko te papatipu me te pūngao he āhua e rua o te matū kotahi, ā, ka taea te huri tetahi ki tetahi.
Whānuitanga Whānui
Tekau tau i muri i te whakaurunga o te Whakapūtanga Motuhake, ka whakawhānui ake a Einstein i tana ariā ki te whakauru i te kaha ā-papa, ā, ka mōhiotia ko te Whakapūtanga Whānui. I whakaputaina i te tau 1915, i whakakapia e tēnei ariā te ture kaha ā-papa a Newton, ā, i homai he māramatanga hou mō te mahi a te kaha ā-papa.
Ngā Mātāpono Matua
1. Mātāpono Taurite: He ōrite te kaha ā-papa me te whakaterenga, ā, kāore e taea te wehewehe tetahi i tetahi. Hei tauira, kāore e taea e te kaimātakitaki i roto i te ararewa e hinga noa ana te wehewehe mēnā kei roto ia i te papa ā-papa, kāore rānei.
2. Āhuahanga o te Wā-ā-Wā: Kāore a Einstein i whakaahua i te kaha ā-papatipu hei kaha, engari hei piko o te wā-ā-wāhi i puta mai i te papatipu me te pūngao. Ka neke ngā mea i ngā ara i puta mai i tēnei piko.
Ngā Taunakitanga me ngā Huanga
1. Te Arotahi Ā-Toi: Ka kitea te piko o te mārama i raro i te mana o te kaha ā-toi i roto i tētahi āhuatanga e mōhiotia ana ko te arotahi ā-toi, arā, ko te piko o te mārama mai i tētahi mea tawhiti ki tētahi mea nui. Kua whakaūtia tēnei mā roto i ngā tirohanga whetū.
2. Te Āhuatanga o te Āmiomio o Mercury: He iti noa te āhua o te āmiomio o Mercury e kore e taea te whakamārama mā ngā ture a Newton anake. Nā te Whānuitanga Whānui i whakarato he whakamārama tika mō tēnei āhuatanga rerekē.
3. Ngā Pū Pango: Ko tētahi atu matapae mō te Whānuitanga Whānui ko te noho o ngā mea he tino kaha te kaha o te taumaha, ā, kāore e taea e te mārama te mawhiti atu i a rātou, e mōhiotia ana ko ngā pū pango. Ko te taunakitanga tuatahi mō te noho o ngā pū pango i whiwhihia i te tau 2019 mā roto i ngā whakaahua mai i te Event Horizon Telescope.
Te Pānga ki te Ao Hou
He nui te pānga o te whanaungatanga o Einstein ki ngā momo mara. I roto i te hangarau, ko te Pūnaha Tūnga Ao (GPS) tētahi tauira pai. Me whai whakaaro ngā amiorangi GPS ki ngā pānga o te whānui o te wā i matapaetia e te Whakawhanaungatanga Motuhake me ngā rerekētanga wā nā te kaha ā-papa e ai ki te whakamārama a te Whakawhanaungatanga Whānui. Ki te kore ēnei whakatikatika, kāore te GPS e tino tika pērā i tā tātou e pai nei i ēnei rā.
I roto i te rongoā, i whai wāhi te whanaungatanga o Einstein ki te whanaketanga o te hangarau whakaahua aukume (MRI), e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā tātaritanga hauora. Ka awe ngā mātāpono o te whanaungatanga i te hoahoa me te whakahaere o ēnei taputapu.
Haunga te hangarau, he nui te pānga o te ariā whanaungatanga a Einstein ki te rapunga whakaaro me te ao tūroa. I hurihia e ia tō tātou tirohanga ki te ao whānui, mai i ngā ariā tino mō te wāhi me te wā ki tētahi tirohanga hihiri me te taunekeneke. I whakaoho ake hoki i ētahi atu rangahau mō ngā takenga mai me te mutunga o te ao whānui, tae atu ki te ariā o te Pāhūtanga Nui me te rapunga mō te pūngao pōuri ngaro me te mea pōuri.
Ngā Wero me te Whanaketanga
Kua whakamatautauria te Ariā Whakawhanaungatanga a Einstein, arā, he motuhake, he whānui hoki, e ngā whakamātautau kaha, ā, he tirotiro hoki. Ahakoa rā, kāore anō kia taea e rātou te whakautu i ngā panga katoa o te ao. Ko tētahi o ngā wero nui ko te whakakotahi i te Whakawhanaungatanga Whānui me te Hangarau Kuantum hei whakaputa i te Ariā Kuantum o te Āhuatanga, e taea ai te whakamārama i ngā āhuatanga i runga i ngā tauine subatomic me te ao whānui i roto i te anga kotahi.
He maha ngā huarahi e whakaarohia ana, pērā i te Ariā Aho me te Aromātai Pūmau o te Ao, hei whakatika i tēnei wero. Ahakoa kāore anō kia puta he hua tuturu, e whakaatu ana ēnei mahi kei te whakaoho tonu te ariā a Einstein i te hiahia me te rangahau anō.
Te Katinga
Ehara i te ariā pūtaiao noa iho te whanaungatanga o Einstein; he peke hinengaro i whakarerekē i tā tātou tirohanga ki te ao tūroa. Mai i ngā whakamātautau māmā ki ngā hangarau matatau, kua waiho e tēnei ariā he tohu pumau ki ngā āhuatanga maha o ō tātou oranga. Ahakoa kua whakamāramahia e tēnei ariā ngā āhuatanga maha, he maha ngā mea ngaro e tatari ana kia whakatauhia. Kotahi te mea e tino mārama ana: Ka haere tonu te taonga tuku iho a Albert Einstein ki te whakahihiko i ngā kaipūtaiao o muri mai kia pai ake te mārama ki ngā mea whakamiharo o te ao tūroa e noho nei tātou.
