He tuhinga mō te Ātete
Mō te iahiko hiko, kua kōrerohia te kiato o te iahiko hiko, ā, kua whakamāramahia hoki te mara hiko i roto i te kaupapa mō te mara hiko. Kei roto i te kaiārahi te mara hiko me te iahiko hiko mēnā he rerekētanga pūmanawa kei roto i te kaiārahi, engari ki te kore he rerekētanga pūmanawa, kāti kāore he mara hiko me te iahiko hiko.
I roto i te nuinga o ngā ara iahiko whakarewa, he rite tonu te āputa hiko ki te mātotoru o te iahiko hiko, ina he pumau te ōwehenga o te āputa hiko ki te mātotoru o te iahiko hiko. Ko te uara o te whakatairite i te āputa hiko ki te mātotoru o te iahiko ka kiia ko te ātete. I roto i te pāngarau, ko te whanaungatanga i waenga i te āputa hiko, te mātotoru o te iahiko, me te ātete ka whakahuatia i roto i te whārite:



Ko te ture tuatahi a Kirchhoff, e kiia nei ko te ture o te pūwāhi hononga, e kī ana ko te iahiko e tomo ana ki tētahi pūwāhi hononga he rite tonu ki te iahiko e puta ana mai i taua pūwāhi hononga. Ko te pūwāhi hononga i roto i tētahi ara iahiko hiko ko te pūwāhi e tūtaki ai ngā kaiārahi e rua, neke atu rānei, pērā i te pūwāhi a i te ahua kei te taha.
Hei mārama ake i tēnei, whakaarohia te neke o te hiko i roto i tētahi ara iahiko kati, pērā i te pikitia. Ina haere te hiko i roto i tētahi