Te Ariā o ngā Pōka Noke me te Wā-Wāhi
Kua roa te whakamīharo o te hanganga ngaro o te wā-ātea ki ngā tohunga ahupūngao, ngā tohunga aorangi, me ngā kaiwhaiwhai pūtaiao pakiwaitara. I roto i ngā ariā maha e puta mai ana i te whanaungatanga whānui me te miihini irahiko, he ariā tino whakahihiri, he ariā uaua hoki ngā poka noke. Hei tohu i ngā ara whakapae i roto i te wā-ātea, ka oati rātou i te hononga i waenga i ngā pūwāhi rerekē o te ao, ka taea pea te mahi hei ara poto, hei ara rānei ki ngā taha rerekē. I roto i tēnei tūhuratanga kupu 1000, ka rukuhia e tātou te ariā o ngā poka noke, ō rātou takenga mai, ō rātou pānga, me tō rātou tūranga i roto i te kōrero pūtaiao hou.
Einstein rāua ko Rosen: Te Pūtake o ngā Pōka Noke
I puta mai te ariā o ngā kōhao noke i te pūtake i whakatakotoria e te ariā whānui a Albert Einstein mō te whanaungatanga. I te tau 1935, i whakaurua e Einstein, i te mahi tahi me tana hoa mahi a Nathan Rosen, te ariā o ngā "piriti" i roto i te wā-ā-wāhi, i muri mai ka mōhiotia ko ngā piriti Einstein-Rosen. I roto i tā rātou whakatakotoranga taketake, i mahi ēnei piriti hei otinga ki ngā whārite o te whanaungatanga whānui, e whakaahua ana i tētahi hanganga rite ki te kauhanga e hono ana i ngā rohe rerekē o te wā-ā-wāhi.
I roto i te ariā, ka taea e ēnei hanganga te hanga i ngā ara poto e hono ana i ngā pūwāhi e piriona tau-mārama ana te wehe, e whakarato ana rānei i ngā ara i waenga i ngā ao rerekē. Hei whakaaro i tēnei, whakaarohia te wā-wāhi hei pepa ahu-rua. Ki te whakapikohia te pepa kia pā ngā pūwāhi tawhiti e rua, kātahi ka werohia ki te pene, ka mahi te kōhao i hangaia hei ara poto. Ka hopukina e tēnei kupu whakarite te mauri o te kōhao noke.
Schwarzschild me ngā Otinga
Hei mārama ki ngā poka noke, me whai whakaaro te tangata ki ngā otinga uaua o ngā whārite mara a Einstein. Ko Karl Schwarzschild, he tohunga ahupūngao Tiamana, te tuatahi ki te kimi i tētahi otinga tika mō ēnei whārite, me te whakaahua i tētahi tauira māmā o tētahi poka pango. I te whakawhānui ake i ngā otinga a Schwarzschild, inā koa mā roto i ngā hanganga ariā e mōhiotia ana ko ngā "tensor metric," ka tae atu ki ngā tauira e kī ana i te tūponotanga o ngā poka noke.
Heoi, ehara ēnei poka noke i te ara e kore e raru. Hei tauira, ko te poka noke Schwarzschild tawhito, he ara e kore e taea te whiti. Kei roto he āhuatanga motuhake—ko te pūwāhi kotahi o te mātotoru mutunga kore me te kukume ā-papa e kitea ana i roto i ngā poka pango. Ko ngā mea katoa e haere ana i roto i taua poka noke ka whakangaromia e ngā kaha ā-papa nui, ka kore e taea te whakamahi mō te haereere, te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero rānei.
Ngā Pōka Noke e Taea te Whakawhiti me ngā Mea Tauhou
Kia taea ai ngā poka noke te hono atu i te wāhi-wā, me taea te whakawhiti. Me wikitoria ētahi arai nui, ko te mea nui ko te pumau. I whakaarohia e te tohunga ahupūngao ariā a Kip Thorne me āna hoa mahi te ariā o ngā "poka noke ka taea te whakawhiti" i te mutunga o te rautau 20. E ai ki ā rātou tauira, me "mea tauhou" ngā poka noke ka taea te whakawhiti - he momo matū ariā me te kiato me te pēhanga pūngao kino, ka taea te ārai i ngā kaha ā-papa ka hinga ai te poka noke.
Kāore anō kia kitea, kia whakamātauhia rānei te noho o tēnei mea tauhou; me whai āhuatanga rerekē ki ngā mea kua mōhiotia, pērā i te pana atu, kaua ki te kukume. Mēnā ka taea te whakamahi i taua mea, ka noho tuwhera tonu pea te "korokoro" o te rua noke, kia taea ai te haere haumaru. Heoi, kei roto tonu tēnei i te ao o te whakaaroaro me te ahupūngao ariā.
Ngā Pūwero Noke, Ngā Āhuahira Irahiko, me te Holography
Ko te hononga o ngā kōhao noke me te miihini irahiko e whakaatu ana i tētahi paparanga uaua nui atu. Ko ngā whanaketanga ariā e kī ana he hononga hohonu i waenga i te raranga irahiko—he āhuatanga e hono tonu ana ngā āhua matūriki i ngā tawhiti whānui—me ngā kōhao noke. Ko te whakapae ER=EPR, i whakatakotoria e ngā tohunga ahupūngao a Juan Maldacena rāua ko Leonard Susskind i te tau 2013, e kī ana he rite ngā piriti Einstein-Rosen (ER) ki te raranga irahiko (ngā takirua EPR). Ko tēnei whakakotahitanga maia e kī ana ka hono pea ngā matūriki raranga mā roto i ngā kōhao noke iti, tauine irahiko.
Heoi anō, ko te mātāpono holographic, i puta mai i te ariā aho, he anga whakamīharo anō kei roto. E kī ana, ko ngā mōhiohio katoa kei roto i te rahinga o te wāhi ka taea te whakaatu i runga i te rohe ki taua wāhi. E whakapono ana ētahi kairangahau mēnā ka mārama katoa tātou ki tēnei mātāpono, ka taea e ia te iriti i ngā tikanga mō te waihanga, te whakaū rānei i ngā kōhao noke nui, ka taea te huri i tō tātou māramatanga ki te wāhi-wā.
Ngā Tono Pea me ngā Whakaaro Matatika
Ahakoa te āhua whakapae, kua hopukina e ngā kōhao noke te whakaaro mō ā rātou whakamahinga pea. Mēnā ka whakamahia, ka taea e rātou te huri i te tūhuratanga ātea mā te tuku i te haere tere atu i te mārama, ka taea ai te haere i waenga i ngā whetu me te haere i waenga i ngā tupuni i roto i ngā wā o te tangata. Ehara i te mea ka huri noa tēnei i tā tātou huarahi ki te tūhuratanga ātea tawhiti, engari ka taea hoki te whakahaere i te whakapā atu ki ngā iwi o waho o te whenua, mēnā kei te noho tonu rātou.
Heoi anō, tera pea ka taea e ngā kōhao noke te tuku hononga ā-wā, e hono ana i ngā wāhi rerekē o te wā. Ko ēnei tikanga haere wā ka ara ake he pātai matatika, whakaaro nui, me te mahi. Ko te kaha ki te whakarerekē i ngā kaupapa o mua, i ngā pānga rānei o te taunekeneke ki te tangata i te wā, ka arahi pea ki ngā āhuatanga whakahē me ngā hua kāore i te whakaarohia, ka wero i tō tātou māramatanga ki te hononga take me te hiahia noa.
Ngā Wero me te Anamata o te Rangahau Pōka Noke
Ahakoa ngā whanaketanga ariā, kei tua atu tonu i ngā āheinga hangarau o nāianei te waihanga, te kimi rānei i tētahi poka noke i roto i te taiwhanga, i te taiao whetū rānei. He tino uaua te hanga i tētahi poka noke nui, me te kore e whakahua i te hiahia ki ngā mea tauhou. Heoi anō, ahakoa me wikitoria e tātou ēnei arai, he nui ngā wero mō te pupuri i tētahi poka noke pumau.
Kei te haere tonu ngā rangahau o nāianei ki te tūhura i ngā tauira pāngarau me ngā ariā ā-tinana e whakamārama ana i te noho o ngā kōhao noke. Mā ngā whanaketanga o te rorohiko irahiko, te ahupūngao matūriki, me te ao tūroa ka puta pea ngā māramatanga e hiahiatia ana hei whakatau mēnā ka taea te whakawhiti i ngā kōhao noke, me te mea ka taea e tātou te kite, te waihanga rānei i aua kōhao.
I te Whakarāpopoto
Ko te ariā o ngā kōhao noke me te wā-wāhi e tū ana i te hononga o ētahi o ngā mea ngaro tino hohonu o te ahupūngao. E tohu ana ēnei i ngā "mehemea" e whakawhānui ana i tō tātou māramatanga ki te hanganga o te ao, e wero ana i tō tātou māramatanga ki te wāhi, te wā, me te matū. Ahakoa he ariā tonu ēnei, ko te whai i te māramatanga ki ngā kōhao noke ka akiaki i ngā rohe o te pūtaiao, ka pana i te hiahia o te tangata ki ōna taumata teitei. Ahakoa ka kitea, ka hangaia rānei e tātou he kōhao noke ka taea te haere, ko te haerenga o te rapu i ēnei kauhanga ao ka whakarei ake i tō tātou mātauranga me tō tātou whakaaro.
