Te Whakamahinga o te Whakaoho Hikohiko i roto i te Hangarau Hou
Ko te whakapūtanga hikohiko he āhuatanga ā-tinana i kitea e Michael Faraday i te tau 1831, e puta ai he kaha hikohiko (EMF) i roto i te ara iahiko nā te hurihanga o te papa aukume. Ko tēnei mātāpono te pūtake o ngā mahi auaha hangarau maha e whakamahia ana e tātou i ia rā, mai i ngā whakaputa hiko ki ngā taputapu hiko. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga ngā whakamahinga rerekē o te whakapūtanga hikohiko i roto i te hangarau hou, ka whakamāramahia te mahi, me te take he mea nui tēnei āhuatanga ki te whanaketanga hangarau.
Te Mātāpono o te Whakaoho Hikohiko
Ka taea te whakamārama i te whakaawe hikohiko mā te ture a Faraday me te ture a Lenz. E kī ana te ture a Faraday ko te emf i whakaohokia i roto i te kaiārahi he rite tonu ki te tere o te huringa o te rerenga aukume i roto i taua kaiārahi. E kī ana hoki te ture a Lenz ko te ahunga o te iahiko i whakaohokia ka ātete tonu ki te huringa o te rerenga aukume i puta ai.
Mā te pāngarau, ka taea te whakaatu i te emf i whakaohokia (\(\mathcal{E}\)) penei:
\[ \mathcal{E} = -\frac{d\Phi_B}{dt} \]
Kei hea:
– Ko te rerenga aukume te \(\Phi_B\),
– Ko te \(d\Phi_B/dt\) te tere o te huringa o te rerenga aukume.
Te Whakamahinga i roto i te Hangarau Hou
1. Pūkaha Hiko
Ko ngā whakaputa hiko tētahi o ngā tono tino tika me te tino nui o te whakapūngao hikohiko. Ka hurihia e ngā whakaputa hiko te pūngao miihini ki te pūngao hiko mā te whakamahi i te mātāpono o te whakapūngao hikohiko.
I roto i te pūkaha hiko, ka huri te papa aukume huri noa i te koiri waea, ka huri rānei te koiri i roto i te papa aukume. Ko te rerenga aukume e huri tonu ana i roto i te koiri ka puta he emf, ka puta he iahiko hiko. Ka whakamahia ngā pūkaha hiko i roto i ngā tipu hiko hei whakaputa i te hiko e whakamahia ana e tātou i ia rā.
2. Kaiwhakawhitiwhiti
He taputapu te whakawhiti hiko hei whakarerekē i te ngaohiko o te aukume whakawhiti (AC) i roto i tētahi pūnaha hiko. E rua ngā koiri waea (he koiri tuatahi me he koiri tuarua) e honoa ana e tētahi matua aukume.
Ka puta he āpure aukume e huri haere ana i te iahiko hurihuri i roto i te koiri tuatahi, ā, ka puta he emf i roto i te koiri tuarua e ai ki te ture a Faraday. Ko te ōwehenga o te maha o ngā hurihanga i waenga i ngā koiri tuatahi me ngā koiri tuarua e whakatau ana i te ōwehenga huringa ngaohiko. He mea nui ngā whakawhiti hiko i roto i te tohatoha hiko, e āhei ai te whakanui ake i te ngaohiko mō te tuku tawhiti, me te whakaiti iho hoki mō te whakamahinga haumaru i roto i ngā kāinga me ngā ahumahi.
3. Mōta Hiko
He rerekē te kaupapa o te mahi a ngā motuka hiko ki ngā miihini whakaputa hiko. I roto i te motuka, ka rere te iahiko hiko mā roto i te koiri i roto i te papa aukume, ka puta he kaha miihini mā te ture a Lorentz, ka huri ai te koiri. He maha ngā whakamahinga o ngā motuka hiko, mai i ngā pā hau ki ngā waka hiko.
4. Pūhiko
Ko te inductor he wāhanga hiko kua hangaia kia whai i tētahi inductor motuhake, ā, e whakamahia ana hei penapena pūngao i roto i tētahi papa aukume. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ēnei i roto i ngā ara iahiko hiko, pērā i ngā tātari, ngā oscillator, me ngā kaiwhakahaere ngaohiko. I roto i ngā tātari, ka mahi tahi ngā inductor me ngā capacitors hei tātari i ētahi auau mai i tētahi tohu hiko.
5. Whakamahana Whakaoho
Ka whakamahia e ngā whakamahana whakapūngao te kaupapa o te whakapūngao hikohiko hei whakamahana i ngā rauemi kawe hiko. Mā te iahiko hurihuri e rere ana i roto i te koiri whakapūngao ka puta he papa aukume e huri haere ana, ka puta ai ngā iahiko hurihuri ki roto i te rauemi kua wera. Ka puta te wera i roto i ēnei iahiko hurihuri nā te ātete o te rauemi. Ka whakamahia ngā whakamahana whakapūngao i roto i ngā momo mahi ahumahi, tae atu ki te whakarewa, te whakarewa whakarewa, me ētahi atu tukanga hanga.
6. Ngā Pūoko me ngā Whakawhiti
He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia e ngā pūoko me ngā transducers te kaupapa o te aukume hikohiko hei kite i ngā huringa o te taiao. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia e ngā pūoko tūnga raina me ngā pūoko hurihuri ngā koiri me ngā aukume hei kite i te nekehanga me te tūnga mā te ine i ngā huringa o te rerenga aukume. Ka whakamahia tēnei hangarau i roto i ngā pūnaha whakatere, te whakahaere tukanga ahumahi, me ngā taputapu hauora.
7. Ngā Taputapu Ine Hiko
Ka whakamahia e ngā taputapu ine hiko pēnei i ngā karawana me ngā mita uati te kaupapa o te whakapūngao hikohiko hei ine i te iahiko me te ngaohiko. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia e te karawana he koiri e neke ana i roto i te papa aukume; ka puta he taipana i te iahiko whakaoho e neke ai te tohu, e taea ai te ine i te iahiko tino tika.
8. Hangarau Ahokore
Ka whakamahia hoki e ngā hangarau ahokore, tae atu ki te utu ahokore me ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ahokore, te whakapūtanga hikohiko. Ka mahi te utu ahokore mā te whakaputa i te iahiko ki roto i te taputapu whiwhi mā te papa aukume i hangaia e te teihana utu. Mā tēnei ka taea te utu pākahiko me te kore he hononga ā-tinana, pērā i te whakamahinga i roto i ngā waea atamai me ngā taputapu mau.
9. Tereina Maglev
Ka whakamahia e ngā tereina Maglev (aukati aukume) te kaupapa o te aukume hiko hei whakapūmau me te neke me te kore e pā ki ngā reri. Mā te papa aukume e hangaia ana e ngā koiri hiko i roto i te tereina me ngā reri ka hangaia he kaha hiki e pupuri ana i te tereina ki runga ake i ngā reri, ka whakaiti i te waku me te āhei i ngā tere teitei me te pai ake o te whakamahinga pūngao.
10. MRI (Whakaahua Āhua Aukume)
He hangarau hauora te MRI e whakamahi ana i te kaupapa o te whakaoho hikohiko hei whakaputa whakaahua taipitopito o ngā hanganga o roto o te tinana. Ka whakamahia ngā papa aukume kaha me ngā ngaru reo irirangi hei whakaoho i ngā ngota hauwai i roto i te tinana, hei whakaputa tohu ka hurihia hei whakaahua e te rorohiko. He taputapu tātaritanga nui te MRI i roto i te rongoā hou.
Ngā Painga me ngā Wero o te Whakaoho Hikohiko
Te Whakamutunga
1. Te Whai Hua o te Pūngao: He tino whai hua ngā hangarau e hangai ana ki te whakapūngao hikohiko ki te huri i te pūngao mai i tētahi āhua ki tētahi atu.
2. Pono: E mōhiotia ana ngā wāhanga pēnei i ngā motuka me ngā whakawhiti hiko e hangai ana ki te arataki hiko mō tō rātou pono me te roa o te ora.
3. Tere: Mā ngā hangarau pēnei i ngā tereina maglev me te utu ahokore ka taea te whakahaere tere me te whai hua ake.
Wero
1. Te Ngaronga Pūngao: Ka taea e te aukume hiko te whakararu i te pūngao i roto i te āhua o te wera, e hiahiatia ana he whakahaere wera whai hua.
2. Te Whakararuraru Hikohiko: Ka taea e ngā taputapu e hangai ana ki te whakapūtanga hikohiko te whakaputa i te whakararuraru hikohiko e pā ana ki te mahi a ētahi atu taputapu hiko.
3. Te utu: Ko ētahi hangarau e hangai ana ki te whakapūngao hiko, pērā i ngā tereina maglev me te MRI, e hiahia ana ki ngā haumitanga tuatahi nui ki ngā hanganga me ngā taputapu.
Whakamutunga
He āhuatanga ā-tinana nui te whakapūngao hikohiko, ā, he whānuitia ngā whakamahinga i roto i ngā hangarau hou. Mai i ngā kaihanga hiko me ngā whakawhiti hiko ki ngā motuka hiko me ngā pūoko, ko tēnei mātāpono te pūtake o ngā auahatanga maha e whakawhirinakihia ana e tātou i ia rā. Ahakoa ngā wero pēnei i te ngaronga pūngao me te pokanoa hikohiko, ko ngā painga o ngā hangarau e hangai ana ki te whakapūngao hikohiko he mea nui ki ngā whanaketanga hangarau a meake nei. Mā te māramatanga hohonu ake ki te whakapūngao hikohiko ka haere tonu te akiaki i te auahatanga me ngā kitenga hou i roto i ngā momo mara o te pūtaiao me te hangarau.
