Te Whakatau i te Ira Tangata
Ko te whakatau i te ira tangata he kaupapa kua arohia e ngā momo mara pūtaiao, pērā i te koiora, te rongoā, tae atu ki te hapori pāpori. Ehara i te mea he mea nui te mārama ki te whakatau i te ira tangata mō te pūtaiao anake, engari he pānga anō hoki ki te hauora, ki ngā tika tangata, me ngā kaupapa here pāpori. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te whakatau i te ira tangata, mai i tōna pūtake koiora ki tōna pānga ki te hapori.
Pūtake Koiora mō te Whakatau Ira Tangata
I roto i te koiora, ko te ira tangata o te tangata ka whakatauhia i te nuinga o te wā e te huinga o ngā ira ira i riro mai i ō rātou mātua. I roto i te nuinga o ngā kararehe whakangote, tae atu ki te tangata, ko te pūnaha whakatau ira tangata tino noa ko te pūnaha XY. I roto i tēnei pūnaha, ko ngā tāngata whai ira X e rua (XX) ka whanake hei wahine, ko ngā tāngata whai ira X kotahi me te ira Y kotahi (XY) ka whanake hei tāne.
Ka tīmata te whakatau ira tangata i te wā whakatōtō, ina whakatōtō te parāoa he ira X, he ira Y rānei, ki te hua manu he ira X tonu. Ka whakatūria tēnei whānuitanga i te tīmatanga o te whanaketanga, ā, ko ngā ira kei runga i ngā ira ira te mea e whakatau ana i te whanaketanga o ngā āhuatanga ira tuatahi me tuarua.
Heoi, kāore te noho mai o te ira Y e tino whakatau i te whanaketanga o te tāne. He maha ngā ira me ētahi atu āhuatanga e whai wāhi ana ki tēnei tukanga ki te whanaketanga ā-ira tangata. Hei tauira, ko te ira SRY i runga i te ira Y ka whakaoho i te whanaketanga o ngā whakamātautau, ka whakaputa i ngā homoni pēnei i te testosterone hei whakatairanga i te whanaketanga o ngā āhuatanga tāne. Ki te kore he mahi SRY, ka whanake te kiko gonadal hei ovaries.
Ngā Rerekētanga o te Whakatau Ira Tangata
Ahakoa ko te pūnaha XY te mea tino mōhiotia, he nui ngā rerekētanga o te whakatau ira tangata i roto i te taiao. Ko ētahi momo, pērā i ngā manu, ka whakamahi i te pūnaha ZW, ko te huinga ZW ka whakatau i ngā uwha, ko te huinga ZZ ka whakatau i ngā tāne. Ko ētahi atu momo ka whakamahi i ngā āhuatanga taiao, pērā i te pāmahana, hei whakatau i te ira tangata. Hei tauira, i roto i ētahi ngārara, ko te pāmahana whakatipu o ngā hua ka taea te whakatau i te ira tangata o te uri.
I roto i te tangata, ka pā pea ētahi āhuatanga ki te whakatau ira tangata, pērā i te mate kore aro o te androgen (AIS), arā, he tāne ira tangata (XY) te tangata engari kāore e aro ki ngā homoni androgen, ā, ka whanakehia ngā āhuatanga tinana wahine. Kei reira anō hoki ngā āhuatanga pērā i te mate Turner, arā, kotahi noa te ira X o te tangata, ā, he maha ngā wā ka whanakehia ngā āhuatanga ka rerekē pea i te tikanga XX.
Ngā Pānga Hapori me ngā Pānga Ahurea
He whānui ngā pānga o te whakatau ira tangata, ehara i te mea mō te hauora anake, engari mō ngā hanganga pāpori me ngā hanganga ahurea hoki. I ngā wā o mua, he maha ngā hapori e titiro ana ki te ira tangata he mea takirua: te tāne me te wahine. Heoi, mā te mārama ake ki ngā rerekētanga o te whakatau ira tangata ka werohia tēnei tirohanga, ā, ka tautoko i te mārama whānui ake mō te ira tangata.
He maha ngā ahurea kua mōhiotia i roto i ngā kōrero tuku iho he nui atu i te rua ngā ira tangata, ā, kei te tautoko haere te pūtaiao hou i te tirohanga he whānuitanga te ira tangata. Ka pā tēnei ki ngā kaupapa here e whakaute ana i ngā tika o ngā tāngata kāore pea e uru ki ngā kāwai rua tuku iho.
Mai i te tirohanga pāpori, he hononga tata hoki te whakarōpūtanga ira tangata ki te tuakiri ira tangata, kāore e rite tonu ki te ira tangata tūturu. Tērā pea ka mōhio te tangata i whānau mai he tāne tūturu he wahine ia, he rerekē rānei. Me mārama me te aroha ki te āhua o te ira tangata i ngā taumata whaiaro me ngā taumata kaupapa here hei karo i te whakahāwea me te whakatairanga i te whakaurunga.
Te Whakatau i te Ira Tangata i roto i te Hangarau Hauora
Nā ngā whanaketanga o te hangarau hauora hou kua whakawātea i te ara mō te whakatau i te ira tangata i te wā e hapu ana, mā te whakamahi i te ultrasound, i te whakamātautau ira rānei. He mea whai hua tēnei mō ngā tāne me ngā wāhine e whakamahere ana i tētahi whānau, e whakarite ana hoki mō te tiaki hauora mō ngā tamariki he rerekē te ira, he rerekē rānei te ira tangata.
Heoi anō, kua ara ake anō hoki he tautohetohe matatika i tēnei tikanga. Ko tētahi āwangawanga e pā ana ki te whakamahinga o tēnei hangarau mō te whiriwhiri i te ira tangata, inā koa i ngā whenua e kaha ana ngā manakohanga ahurea mō tētahi ira tangata ka arahi ki te kore taurite o te ira tangata me ngā pānga kino ki te hapori.
Te Anamata o te Whakatau Ira Tangata
I te hohonu haere o tō tātou māramatanga ki te koiora ngota me te ira tangata, ko te heke mai o te whakatau ira tangata me whai rangahau hohonu ake i te taumata ira tangata hei tautuhi i ētahi atu āhuatanga ka pā ki te whanaketanga ira tangata.
Mā te rangahau i ngā pūtake ira o te whakatau ira tangata me ōna rerekētanga ka ārahi ki te whakawhanake i ngā rongoā me ngā wawaotanga whai hua ake mō ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te whakatau ira tangata. Hei tāpiri, mā te mātauranga me te mōhiotanga o te marea mō te kanorau o te whakatau ira tangata me te tuakiri ira tangata ka āwhina i te whakatairanga i tētahi hapori whānui ake, taurite ake hoki.
I te taha pāpori, kei te piki haere te akiaki ki te whakamana me te whakanui i te kanorau o te ira tangata. E kitea ana tēnei i roto i te tautoko i ngā tika mō te hunga whakawhiti ira tangata me te kaupapa ki te whakakore i ngā momo whakapono ira tangata pakari.
Whakamutunga
He āhuatanga uaua te whakatau i te ira tangata, he pūtake koiora mārama, engari he whānui ngā pānga ki ngā āhuatanga maha o te oranga tangata. Mā te whakapai ake i tō tātou māramatanga ki tēnei tukanga ka āwhina i a tātou ki te whakatau whakaaro nui ake, me te whakatakoto kaupapa here e whakaute ana i te kanorau o te takitahi. Mā te haere tonu ki te tūhura me te mārama ki ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te ira tangata me te ira tangata, ka whakatakotohia e tātou te ara mō tētahi hapori e mārama ake ana, e whakanui ana hoki i ēnei rerekētanga.
