Ki te āta tirohia ngā taura hiko, ka kite koe kua piko ki raro nā te ngoikore. He aha i wetekina ai ngā taura hiko, kaua e whakatōtōtia noa? Ko te nuinga o ngā tuanui i Flores me Lembata, East Nusa Tenggara, he mea hanga ki te konutea (Zn). I te awatea, i te pō rānei, ka haruru ngā tuanui konutea. He aha i haruru ai te konutea? Mena kei te moutere o Java koe e noho ana, kua kite pea koe i ngā ara rerewē. He āputa kei ngā hononga reriwe. He aha te mahi a ēnei āputa kei ngā hononga reriwe? He maha ngā mea ka taea e koe te whakaaro me te pātai e pā ana ki te kaupapa o te whakawhānui.
Te whakawhānui i te roa
Ko te nuinga o ngā mea totoka ka horapa rārangi ina rerekē te pāmahana. E pā ana tēnei ki te pikinga, te hekenga rānei o te roa. I te nuinga o te wā, ka piki te roa o tētahi mea i te pikinga o tōna pāmahana, ka heke tōna roa i te hekenga o tōna pāmahana. Tērā pea ka whakaaro koe ko te horapa rārangi ka puta noa i ngā mea pēnei i ngā waea angiangi. Hei tauira, whakaarohia he motuka e tū ana i te taha o te rori e pāngia ana e te rā. Ina wera rawa te motuka, ka matotoru ake te pereti whakarewa, ka piki ake rānei te roa o ōna taha. Ka taea hoki e te tuanui konutea te horapa rārangi. I tēnei wā, ina wera rawa te konutea, ka whānui ake ngā taha o te konutea, ā, ka matotoru ake hoki te konutea. Ko te mea anō ka pā ki ngā ara rerewē me ngā piriti rino, maitai rānei.
Ka whānui, ka whakawhāiti rānei te nuinga o ngā mea totoka ina rerekē te pāmahana, nō reira me mārama tātou ki te pānga o ngā huringa pāmahana ki te whānui o ngā mea totoka. He tino āwhina tēnei ina hoahoa ana i ngā taputapu, ngā whare, ngā waka, me ētahi atu. Hei tauira, ko ngā āputa i roto i ngā ara rerewē. He mea hanga ngā ara rerewē ki te maitai. Kua tatauhia e ngā miihini te whānui o ngā āputa i waenganui i ia ara. I te rā wera, ka whānui ngā ara mā te maha henimita. Ina pā te tereina ki runga, ka piki ake hoki te pāmahana o ngā ara, ka whānui ake ngā ara mā te maha henimita. I te pō makariri, ka whakawhāiti ngā ara mā te maha henimita. I runga i te tātari, ka whakatau tata ngā miihini i te tawhiti i waenganui i ngā āputa ara kia kore ai ngā ara e pā tetahi ki tetahi, e piko rānei ina piki ake te pāmahana o te ara.
Hei āwhina i a tātou ki te whakatau i te tātai e whakaatu ana i te whanaungatanga i waenga i te huringa pāmahana me te nui o te whānui rārangi, whakaarohia he mea totoka e whānui ana, e whakaaturia ana i te ahua ki te taha matau. Taitara: To = pāmahana tīmatanga, T = pāmahana whakamutunga, Lo = te roa tīmatanga, L = te roa i muri i te whakawhanuitanga, te tahataha L = te huringa o te roa, te tahataha T = te huringa o te pāmahana.
Ina te pāmahana o te mea = T o (kei te makariri tonu te mea), ko te roa o te mea = L o . Ina te pāmahana o te mea = T (ka piki te pāmahana o te mea), ko te roa o te mea = L. I runga i ngā hua o ngā tirohanga me ngā whakamātautau, ko te huringa o te roa o te mea he rite ki te huringa o te pāmahana. Mēnā ka piki te pāmahana, ka piki te roa o te mea. I tetahi atu taha, ina heke te pāmahana, ka heke te roa o te mea. He rite anō hoki te huringa o te roa o te mea ki te roa tīmatanga o te mea (L o ). Mēnā he rite te rahi o te huringa pāmahana, hei tauira, ka piki ake te roa o te mea 10 mita te roa mā te 2x ki te whakataurite ki te mea 5 mita noa iho te roa. Nō reira, ki te roa ake te mea, ka nui ake te whānui o te mea.
He rite te huringa o te roa o tētahi mea (delta L) ki te huringa o te pāmahana (delta T):
He rite te huringa o te roa o te mea (delta L) ki te roa tīmatanga o te mea (Lo):
He rerekē te roa o ia mea. Ahakoa he nui ngā huringa pāmahana Waihoki, kāore te whānui e pā ana ki te rino i te rite ki te whānui e pā ana ki te karāhe. Pērā anō hoki mō ētahi atu mea. Nō reira, ko te whānui rārangi e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tauwehenga whānui rārangi o ia mea. Ka whiwhihia te tauwehenga whānui rārangi mō ia mea mā te whakamātautau. Ko te nui ake o te tauwehenga whānui rārangi, ko te nui ake o te pikinga o te roa. Ko te iti ake o te tauwehenga whānui rārangi, ko te iti ake o te pikinga o te roa. Ka taea te kī ko te huringa o te roa o tētahi mea he rite ki te tauwehenga whānui rārangi.
Ko ngā whakataurite e toru i runga ake nei e whakaatuhia ana i roto i tētahi whārite:
Ka taea te whiwhi i te roa katoa o tētahi mea i muri i te whīwhiwhi, te whakawhāiti rānei mā te tāpiri i te roa tīmatanga o te mea (Lo) me ngā panonitanga o te roa o te mea (delta L).
Ina rerekē te pāmahana (TT)o) he kino, kātahi ka puta te huringa roa (LL)o) he kino hoki. I tēnei wā, ka heke te roa o te mea. I tētahi atu taha, ki te rerekē te pāmahana (TTo) he pai, kātahi ka puta te panoni o te roa (LLo) he pai hoki. I tēnei wā, ka roa ake te mea.
Ko te tauwehenga whānui rārangi o ngā mea totoka e whai ake nei i te pāmahana o te 20 ° C. Ka rerekē te āhua o ngā wai me ngā hau, ā, ka kore e pāngia e te whānui rārangi. Ka whakawhirinaki hoki te tauwehenga whānui rārangi o ngā mea totoka ki te pāmahana. I ngā pāmahana rerekē, ka rerekē anō hoki te tauwehenga whānui rārangi o ngā mea totoka. Mena kāore i te tino nui te rerekētanga pāmahana, kāore hoki te rerekētanga o te tauwehenga whānui rārangi e tino nui, nō reira ka taea te wareware.
Whakawhanuitanga rōrahi
Ko ngā mea totoka anake ka pāngia e te whānui o te roa, ko ngā mea katoa ka pāngia e te whānui o te rōrahi, ahakoa he totoka, he wai, he hau rānei. He rite te whārite mō te whānui o te rōrahi ki te whārite mō te whānui o te roa.
Ka whai mana anake te whārite whānui rōrahi i runga ake nei ina iti ake te huringa o te rōrahi o tētahi mea (ahakoa he totoka, he wai, he hau rānei) i te rōrahi tīmatanga o te mea. Mena he nui ake te huringa o te rōrahi o tētahi mea i te rōrahi tīmatanga o te mea, kāore te whārite whānui rōrahi e whakarato i ngā hua tika. I te nuinga o te wā, kāore te huringa rōrahi e pāngia ana e ngā mea totoka i te nui rawa. He rerekē, he tino nui te uara tauwehenga rōrahi o ngā wai me ngā hau. Ka ngāwari hoki te huri o te tauwehenga rōrahi mō ngā hau me ngā huringa o te pāmahana. Nō reira, ka whakamahia anake te tātai i runga ake nei mō te whānui o ngā mea totoka. Ka akohia te tātai mō te whakatau i te huringa o te rōrahi hau i roto i te kaupapa o te ariā nekeneke o ngā hau i te reanga 11.
