Ngā Hauwhā o ngā Raraunga Rōpū
Pendahuluan
Ko te tatauranga, he peka pūtaiao e pā ana ki te kohikohi, te tātari, te whakamārama, te whakaaturanga, me te whakarite raraunga, he maha ngā ariā nui e āwhina ana i te whakatau kaupapa e ahu mai ana i ngā raraunga. Ko tētahi ariā tatauranga nui i roto i te tātari raraunga ko ngā hauwhā. Ka āwhina ngā hauwhā ki te mārama ki te tohatoha raraunga me te āhua o te whakarōpū raraunga. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka matapakihia e mātou ngā hauwhā i roto i te horopaki o ngā raraunga whakarōpū, me pēhea te tatau i a rātou, me pēhea te whakamārama i ngā hua ka taea te whakarato i ngā māramatanga hohonu ake ki te tohatoha raraunga.
Te Mārama ki ngā Hauwhā
He māmā noa iho, ko ngā hauwhā he uara e wehewehe ana i ngā raraunga kia whā ngā wāhanga ōrite. I roto i te horopaki o te tohatoha raraunga, ka wehewehea e ngā hauwhā ngā raraunga kia toru ngā pūwāhi, ka hanga he whā ngā wā. Ko ēnei pūwāhi e toru: te Hauwhā Tuatahi (Q1), te Hauwhā Tuarua (Q2), me te Hauwhā Tuatoru (Q3) he mea nui ki te tātari tatauranga. He rerekē te tikanga me te mahi a ia hauwhā ki te mārama ki ngā raraunga.
– Hauwhā Tuatahi (Q1): Koinei te uara waenga o te haurua o raro o te raraunga, e mōhiotia ana ko te ōrau 25.
– Hauwhā Tuarua (Q2): Koinei te uara waenga o ngā raraunga katoa, e mōhiotia ana ko te tau waenga, ko te ōrau 50 rānei.
– Hauwhā Tuatoru (Q3): Koinei te uara waenga o te haurua o runga o ngā raraunga, e mōhiotia ana ko te ōrau 75.
E whakamahia ana ngā hauwhā hei whakaahua i ngā āhuatanga rerekē o tētahi tohatoha, hei whakarato hoki i ngā mōhiohio taipitopito mō te whānuitanga me te ōritetanga o ngā raraunga.
Ngā Hauwhā i roto i ngā Raraunga Rōpū
I te ao tūturu, ko ngā raraunga kua kohia kāore i te whakarōpūtia (raraunga mata) engari i roto i ngā rōpū me ō rātou auau (raraunga whakarōpū). Ko te whāinga o te tātari raraunga whakarōpū ko te whakarato mōhiohio mō te tohatoha o ngā raraunga puta noa i ngā kāwai, i ngā akomanga rānei. He maha ngā mahi rerekē mō te tatau i ngā hauwhā mō ngā raraunga whakarōpū i ngā raraunga kore-whakarōpū.
Ngā Hipanga hei Tātai i ngā Hauwhā o ngā Raraunga Rōpū
Hei tatau i ngā hauwhā i roto i ngā raraunga rōpū, me whiwhi tātou i ētahi mōhiohio taketake mai i te tohatoha auau, pērā i ngā rohe o runga me raro o te akomanga, te auau o ia akomanga, me te auau whakaemi. Anei ngā mahi hei tatau i ngā hauwhā mō ngā raraunga rōpū:
1. Whakatauhia te Akomanga Hauwhā:
– Hauwhā Tuatahi (Q1) : I kitea i roto i ngā akomanga e tata ana te auau whakaemi \( \frac{N}{4} \)
– Hauwhā Tuarua (Q2) te Waenga rānei: Kei roto i ngā akomanga e tata ana te auau whakaemi \( \frac{N}{2} \)
– Te Hauwhā Tuatoru (Q3) : I kitea i roto i ngā akomanga e tata ana te auau whakaemi \( \frac{3N}{4} \)
2. Whakamahia te Tātai Hauwhā mō ngā Raraunga Rōpū:
– Te Tātai mō te Hauwhā Tuatahi (Q1):
\[
Q1 = L + \left( \frac{\frac{N}{4} – Fk}{f} \right) \times c
\]
– Te Tātai mō te Hauwhā Tuarua (Q2):
\[
Q2 = L + \left( \frac{\frac{N}{2} – Fk}{f} \right) \times c
\]
– Te Tātai mō te Hauwhā Tuatoru (Q3):
\[
Q3 = L + \left( \frac{\frac{3N}{4} – Fk}{f} \right) \times c
\]
Kei hea:
– Ko te rohenga raro o te akomanga hauwhā ko \( L \)
– Ko te auau katoa te \( N \)
– Ko te auau whakaemi tae noa ki te akomanga hauwhā ko \( Fk \)
– Ko te auau o te akomanga hauwhā ko \( f \)
– Ko te whānui o te akomanga ko \( c \)
Tauira o te Tātaitanga Hauwhā mō ngā Raraunga Rōpū
Hei whakamāmā ake i te mārama, me titiro tātou ki te tauira e whai ake nei:
Ko te auautanga o ngā raraunga e whai ake nei:
| Wā Akomanga | Auautanga (f) |
|———————-|——————|
| 10 – 20 | 5 |
| 20 – 30 | 8 |
| 30 – 40 | 12 |
| 40 – 50 | 7 |
| 50 – 60 | 3 |
Ngā Hipanga:
1. Whakatauhia a N: Auautanga katoa \( N = 5 + 8 + 12 + 7 + 3 = 35 \)
2. Auautanga Whakaemi (Fk):
| Akomanga Wā | Auautanga (f) | Auautanga Whakaemi (Fk) |
|———————-|——————|————————–|
| 10 – 20 | 5 | 5 |
| 20 – 30 | 8 | 13 |
| 30 – 40 | 12 | 25 |
| 40 – 50 | 7 | 32 |
| 50 – 60 | 3 | 35 |
3. Te Kimi i ngā Akomanga Hauwhā:
– Q1: Kei roto a \( \frac{N}{4} = 8.75 \) i te akomanga 20 – 30
– Q2: Kei roto a \( \frac{N}{2} = 17.5 \) i te akomanga 30 – 40
– P3: Kei roto i te akomanga 40 – 50 a \( \frac{3N}{4} = 26.25 \)
4. Te Tatau i ngā Hauwhā:
– Mō te hauwhā tuatahi:
– \( R = 20 \)
– \( Fk = 5 \)
– \( f = 8 \)
– \( c = 10 \)
\[
Q1 = 20 + \left( \frac{8.75 – 5}{8} \right) \times 10 = 20 + (0.46875) \times 10 = 24.6875
\]
– Mō te hauwhā tuatahi:
– \( R = 30 \)
– \( Fk = 13 \)
– \( f = 12 \)
– \( c = 10 \)
\[
Q2 = 30 + \left( \frac{17.5 – 13}{12} \right) \times 10 = 30 + (0.375) \times 10 = 33.75
\]
– Mō te hauwhā tuatahi:
– \( R = 40 \)
– \( Fk = 25 \)
– \( f = 7 \)
– \( c = 10 \)
\[
Q3 = 40 + \left( \frac{26.25 – 25}{7} \right) \times 10 = 40 + (0.17857) \times 10 = 41.7857
\]
Te Whakamārama i ngā Hua
Mā te whakamahi i ngā tātaitanga o runga ake nei, ka whiwhi tātou i tēnei:
– Q1 = 24.6875
– Q2 = 33.75
– Q3 = 41.7857
Mā ēnei hauwhā ka homai he kōrero tāpiri mō te tohatoha o ngā raraunga:
– Q1=24.6875 : 25% o ngā raraunga kei raro iho i te 24.6875
– Q2=33.75 : 50% o ngā raraunga kei raro iho i te 33.75
– Q3=41.7857 : 75% o ngā raraunga kei raro iho i te 41.7857
Mā ngā mōhiohio hauwhā ka taea e tātou te mārama ki te kukū o ngā raraunga me tōna whānuitanga o ngā rerekētanga. He tino whai hua ēnei mōhiohio mō te whakatau kaupapa me te tātari raraunga anō, pērā i te kimi i ngā mea rerekē, te aromatawai rānei i te mahi a te pūnaha.
Whakamutunga
He mea nui te mahi a ngā hauwhā i roto i ngā raraunga whakarōpū i roto i te tātari tatauranga. Mā ngā tikanga tika, ka taea e tātou te mārama ake ki te tohatoha raraunga me te taipitopito me te tika. Ehara i te mea ka āwhina noa iho ēnei mōhiohio i te whakamaoritanga raraunga engari ka āwhina hoki i te whakatau whai whakaaro ake i runga i ngā taunakitanga ā-wheako. Hei whakamutunga, ko te mārama ki te tatau me te whakamaori i ngā hauwhā i roto i ngā raraunga whakarōpū he pūkenga taketake me mātau e ngā kaitātari raraunga katoa.
