Pendahuluan
Ko te matū matomato, te matū pumau rānei, he mara e arotahi ana ki te hoahoa i ngā hua matū me ngā tukanga e whakaiti ana, e whakakore ana rānei i te whakamahinga me te whakaputanga o ngā matū kino. Ko ngā mātāpono o te matū matomato e whai ana ki te tiaki i te taiao me te hauora o te tangata mā te whakaiti i ngā pānga kino o ngā mahi matū. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā mahi maha e tautoko ana i ngā mātāpono matū matomato, tae atu ki ngā auahatanga i roto i ngā rauemi mata, ngā tukanga whakaputa, te whakahaere para, me te whakamahinga pūngao.
Ngā Mātāpono o te Matū Kakariki
Tekau mā rua ngā mātāpono o te matū matomato i titoa e Paul Anastas rāua ko John Warner, hei ārahi i ngā kaipūtaiao me ngā miihini ki te whakawhanake i ngā tukanga e pai ake ana mō te taiao. Ko ētahi o ngā mātāpono matua ko:
- Te Ārai i te Para: Te whakaiti, te whakakore rānei i te hanganga o ngā para, kaua e whakahaere i muri i tōna hanganga.
- Hoahoa Haumaru Ake: Te hoahoa i ngā matū me ngā hua kāore e pā kino ki te tangata me te taiao.
- Te Whakamahinga o ngā Rauemi Mata Ka taea te Whakahou: Te whakamahi i ngā rauemi mata ka taea te whakahou, kaua ki ngā rauemi kāore e taea te whakahou.
- Te Whakanui i te Ōhanga Atomika: Te whakapai ake i te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi mata hei whakaiti i te para.
- Whakakorikori: Te whakamahi i ngā whakakorikori hei whakanui ake i te whai huatanga o ngā tauhohenga matū.
Ngā Mahi e Tautoko ana i te Matū Kakariki
Te Whakamahinga o ngā Rauemi Mata Ka taea te Whakahou
Ko te whakamahi i ngā rauemi mata ka taea te whakahou ake tētahi o ngā huarahi matua hei tautoko i te matū matomato. Ko ngā tauira o ngā rauemi mata ka taea te whakahou ake ko te koiora, pērā i te rakau, te para ahuwhenua, me ngā hinu huawhenua.
Ngā Tauira Taupānga:
- Te Hanga Bioethanol: Te whakamahi i te kānga, te tō rānei hei rauemi mata hei whakaputa bioethanol, ka taea te whakamahi hei wahie rerekē e pai ake ana ki te taiao.
- Ngā Pūmua Pirau-koiora: Te whakawhanake i ngā kirihou pirau-koiora mai i ngā pūtake taiao pērā i te māngaro kānga, te polylactide rānei (PLA).
Auahatanga i roto i te Tukanga Whakaputa
He mea nui ngā tukanga whakaputa whai hua, ā, he pai hoki mō te taiao, hei tautoko i te matū matomato. Kei roto i tēnei ko te whakamahi i ngā hangarau e whakaiti ana i te whakapaunga pūngao me ngā rauemi mata me ngā tukunga.
Ngā Tauira Taupānga:
- Ngā Tauhohenga i te Āhua Wai: Te whakamahi i ngā tauhohenga matū i roto i te wāhanga wai hei whakaiti i te hiahia mō ngā whakarewa rauropi morearea.
- Pūtauiraiti: Te whakamahi i ngā microreactors hei whakapai ake i te whakahaere me te whai huatanga o ngā tauhohenga matū, ka iti ake te para me te whakapaunga pūngao.
Te Whakamahinga o ngā Whakakōkī
Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakakōkī te whakanui ake i te whai huatanga o ngā tauhohenga matū mā te whakaiti i te nui o te pūngao e hiahiatia ana, me te tere ake i te tere o te tauhohenga. Mā te whakamahi i ngā kaiwhakakōkī whai hua ake ka taea te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao, ā, ka iti ake te para.
Ngā Tauira Taupānga:
- Kaiwhakaoho Whākōkī: Te whakamahi i ngā whākōkī hei whakakorikori i roto i ngā tauhohenga matū hei whakanui ake i te whai huatanga me te whiriwhiringa o te tauhohenga.
- Ngā Whakakōkī Rerekē: Te whakawhanake i ngā whakakorikori kanorau ka taea te whakamahi anō, ā, kāore e whakapoke i te hua whakamutunga.
Hoahoa Ngota Haumaru
Ko te hoahoa i ngā ngota me ngā hua e haumaru ake ana mō te taiao me te hauora o te tangata te kaupapa matua o te matū matomato. Kei roto i tēnei ko te whiriwhiri i ngā matū kore-paitini me ngā matū kore-morearea.
Ngā Tauira Taupānga:
- Ngā Patupatu Patupatu Ā-Taiao: Te whakawhanake i ngā patu pepeke whai hua engari he iti te paitini ki te tangata me ngā kararehe kāore i te whāngaihia.
- Ngā Kai mō te Horoi Kakariki: Te hoahoa i ngā hua horoi whare kāore e pā kino ki ngā kaiwhakamahi, ā, kāore hoki e whakapoke i te taiao.
Te Whakahaere Para me te Hangarua
Ko te whakahaere tika me te hangarua i ngā para he wāhanga matua o te matū matomato. Kei roto i tēnei ko te whakamahi i ngā hangarau e āhei ai te hangarua i ngā rauemi mata me te whakaiti i te nui o ngā para e puta ana.
Ngā Tauira Taupānga:
- Te Hangarua Whakarewa: Mā te whakamahi i tētahi pūnaha hangarua hei whakamā me te whakamahi anō i ngā whakarewa i roto i ngā tauhohenga matū, ka whakaitihia te hiahia mō ngā whakarewa hou.
- Te Maimoatanga Para Ahumahi: Te whakawhanake i ngā tikanga whai hua mō te tukatuka para ahumahi hei whakaiti i te parahanga me te whakaora i ngā rauemi whai hua.
Te Whakamahinga Pūngao Whai Hua Ake
He wāhanga nui o te matū matomato te arotau i te whakamahinga pūngao i roto i ngā tukanga matū. Kei roto i tēnei ko te whakamahinga o ngā pūtake pūngao ma me ngā hangarau whai hua ake.
Ngā Tauira Taupānga:
- Ngā Tauhohenga Matū me te Pūngao o te Rā: Te whakamahi i te pūngao o te rā hei akiaki i ngā tauhohenga matū, me te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā pūtake wahie pūmua.
- Hangarau Termodynamics Matatau: Te whakamahi i ngā hangarau thermodynamic matatau pērā i ngā whakawhiti wera me ngā pūnaha whakaora wera hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te pūngao i roto i ngā tukanga ahumahi.
Akoranga take
Matū Kakariki i roto i nga rongoā
Ko te umanga rongoā tētahi o ngā rāngai tino kaha ki te whakatinana i ngā mātāpono matū matomato. He maha ngā kamupene rongoā kua oati ki te whakaiti i ō rātou tapuwae taiao mā te whakamahi i ngā rauemi mata ka taea te whakahou, te arotau i ngā tukanga whakaputa, me te whakaiti i ngā para.
Ngā Tauira Taupānga:
- Pfizer: Te whakamahi i ngā whakakorikori whākōkī hei whakaputa i te rongoā Lipitor, e whakaiti ana i te whakamahinga o ngā whakarewa rauropi kino, e whakapiki ana hoki i te pai o te whakaputanga.
- Merck: Te whakawhanake i tētahi tukanga whakaputa hauora ake mō te rongoā Januvia, he iti ake ngā rauemi mata e whakamahia ana, ā, he iti ake hoki ngā para e puta mai ana.
Plastics koiora
Ko te kirihou pirau-koiora tētahi auahatanga e tautoko ana i te matū matomato mā te whakaiti i ngā pānga kino o ngā para kirihou. Ko ngā pūmua pēnei i te polylactide (PLA) me te polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) he mea hanga mai i ngā rauemi whakahou, ā, ka taea te pirau noa i roto i te taiao.
Ngā Tauira Taupānga:
- Ngā Mahi Taiao: I whakawhanakehia te PLA mai i te māngaro kānga e whakamahia ana hei hanga i ngā momo hua, tae atu ki ngā takai kai me ngā taputapu tēpu whakakorekore.
- Danimer Scientific: Te whakaputa PHA mai i ngā para rauropi ka taea te whakamahi hei hanga kirihou pirau-koiora me ngā tono whānui, mai i te takai kai ki ngā wāhanga hiko.
Whakamutunga
He huarahi nui te matū matomato ki te waihanga i tētahi heke mai pumau ake, ā, he pai hoki mō te taiao. Mā te whakamahi i ngā mātāpono matū matomato puta noa i ā mātou mahi, ka taea e tātou te whakaiti i ngā pānga kino o ngā mahi matū me te tiaki i te hauora o te tangata me te taiao. Ko te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi mata ka taea te whakahou, te auahatanga i roto i ngā tukanga whakaputa, te whakamahinga o ngā whakakorikori whai hua, te hoahoa ngota ngota haumaru ake, te whakahaere para pai, me te whai huatanga o te pūngao ētahi o ngā huarahi matua hei tautoko i te matū matomato. Mā te haere tonu ki te auaha me te whakapau kaha ki ngā mahi matū matomato, ka taea e tātou te ahu whakamua nui ki te waihanga i tētahi ao ma ake, pumau ake.
