Ko te matū matomato, e mōhiotia ana ko te matū tauwhiro, he huarahi i roto i te matū e arotahi ana ki te hoahoa o ngā hua matū me ngā tukanga e whakaiti ana, e whakakore rānei i te whakamahinga me te whakaputanga o ngā matū kino. Ko te whāinga matua o te matū matomato ko te waihanga i ngā tukanga e pai ake ana ki te taiao, e whai hua ana, e tauwhiro ana hoki. He mea nui ēnei mātāpono hei tautoko i ngā mahi tiaki taiao me te aro atu ki ngā wero o te ao e pā ana ki te parahanga, te huringa āhuarangi, me te korenga o ngā rauemi taiao.
Hītori me ngā Ariā Taketake o te Matū Kakariki
I tīmata te whanaketanga o te matū matomato i ngā tau tōmua o te tekau tau atu i 1990 hei whakautu i te tipu haere o te mōhiotanga ki te pānga kino o te umanga matū ki te taiao me te hauora o te tangata. Ko Paul Anastas rāua ko John Warner ngā tino tangata i roto i te whanaketanga o te matū matomato, ā, i te tau 1998 i titoa e rāua ngā Mātāpono 12 o te Matū Kakariki i roto i tā rāua pukapuka, Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice . Mā ēnei mātāpono ka whakaratohia he aratohu mō te hoahoa i ngā tukanga me ngā hua matū haumaru ake, ā, he pai ake hoki ki te taiao.
12 Ngā Mātāpono o te Matū Kakariki
- Te Ārai i ngā ParaKo te kaupapa tuatahi e whakanui ana i te hiranga o te aukati i te hanganga o ngā para, kaua ki te whakahaere i muri i te putanga mai. Nō reira, me whai te hoahoa tukanga matū ki te whakaiti i te para mai i te tīmatanga.
- Ōhanga AtomikaKa whakatairanga i te whakamahinga whai hua o ngā matū tauhohe kia taea ai e te nuinga, te katoa rānei o ngā ngota matū tauhohe te whakauru ki te hua whakamutunga. Ka whakaitihia te nui o ngā rauemi e maumauria ana.
- Te Hanganga Iti ItiTe whakamahi i ngā tikanga hanga e whakaputa ana i ngā hua he iti noa iho, kāore rānei he matū kino, mō te tangata me te taiao.
- Hoahoa Matū HaumaruTe whakawhanake i ngā matū e whai ana i te mahi e hiahiatia ana engari he iti noa te paitini.
- Ngā Whakarewa Haumaru me ngā Āhuatanga TauhohengaĀraia te whakamahi i ngā whakarewa morearea me ngā āhuatanga tauhohenga. Mēnā ka taea, me whakahaere ngā tukanga matū me te kore he whakarewa, me te whakamahi rānei i ngā whakarewa haumaru, e pai ana ki te taiao.
- Hoahoa mō te Whai Hua o te PūngaoTe arotau i te whakamahinga pūngao i roto i ngā tukanga matū, hei tauira mā te whakahaere i ngā tauhohenga i te pāmahana rūma me te pēhanga mēnā ka taea.
- Te Whakamahinga o ngā Rauemi WhakahouWhakatairangahia ngā rauemi mata e ahu mai ana i ngā rauemi ka taea te whakahou, kaua ki ngā rauemi kāore e taea te whakahou.
- Whakaitinga WhakaputaWhakaitihia te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi tāpiri pēnei i ngā mea tiaki, ngā mea whakarerekē, ngā mea tauhohenga koretake rānei, ka taea ai te whakaputa para anō.
- WhakaohoTe whakamahi i ngā whakakorikori hei whakanui ake i te whai huatanga o ngā tauhohenga matū, ā, mā reira ka whakaitihia te hiahia mō te pūngao me ngā rauemi mata.
- Te Hoahoa mō te Wetewete HaumaruTe whakawhanake i ngā hua ka pirau hei matū kinokore ina maka atu ki te taiao.
- Tātaritanga Wā-tūturu mō te Ārai i te ParahangaTe whakawhanake i ngā tikanga aroturuki me te whakahaere i ngā tukanga matū i te wā tūturu hei ārai i te hanganga o ngā hua taha kino.
- Matū Haumaru ake mō te Tangata me te TaiaoKōwhiria ngā rauemi me ngā tukanga hei whakaiti i ngā tūponotanga kino ki te tangata me te taiao.
Te Whakatinanatanga o te Matū Kakariki i roto i te Ahumahi
Mā te whakatinanatanga o ngā mātāpono matū matomato i roto i te umanga matū ka puta he maha ngā painga, pērā i te whakaiti i ngā utu whakaputa, te whakanui ake i te whai huatanga, me te whakaiti i te pānga ki te taiao. Ko ētahi tauira o te whakatinanatanga o te matū matomato i roto i te umanga ko:
- Te Whakamahinga o ngā Whakarewa TaiaoHe maha ngā ahumahi matū e neke ana mai i te whakamahi i ngā whakarewa rauropi kino ki ngā mea haumaru ake, pērā i te wai, i ngā whakarewa koiora rānei. Hei tauira, kei te whakamahi te ahumahi rongoā i te hangarau CO2 tino kaha, ka taea te whakakapi i ngā whakarewa rauropi i roto i ngā tukanga tango.
- Te Hanganga Matū e Hangai ana ki te KoioraKei te piki haere te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi mata ka taea te whakahou pēnei i te koiora hei whakaputa matū. Hei tauira, ko te whakaputanga o te waikawa miraka mai i te whakapūkara o ngā huka i ahu mai i ngā tipu, ka taea te whakamahi hei rauemi mata mō ngā kirihou pirau-koiora.
- Tukanga WhakakorikoriTe whakamahinga o ngā whakakorikori i roto i ngā tauhohenga matū hei whakanui ake i te whai huatanga me te whakaiti i te para. Ko tētahi tauira rongonui ko te tukanga Haber-Bosch mō te whakaputa haukini, e whakamahi ana i ngā whakakorikori hei whakanui ake i te whai huatanga o te tauhohenga o te hauota me te hauwai.
Ngā Wero me ngā Huarahi
Ahakoa he maha ngā painga o te ariā o te matū matomato, kei te tū tonu ngā wero maha ki te whakatinanatanga o tēnei ao tūturu. Ko tētahi wero nui ko te nui o ngā utu tīmatanga o te rangahau me te whakawhanake i ngā hangarau hou e pai ana ki te taiao. Hei tāpiri, ko te ātete ki te huringa i roto i ngā ahumahi kua whakatūria he arai anō hoki.
Heoi anō, he maha ngā whai wāhitanga mō te whanaketanga o te matū matomato ā muri ake nei. Ko te whakapiki ake i te mōhiotanga o te marea me ngā ture pakari a te kāwanatanga mō ngā take taiao ngā mea matua hei akiaki i ngā kamupene ki te whakamahi i ngā tikanga matū matomato. Hei tāpiri, ko te auahatanga me te mahi tahi i waenga i te ao mātauranga, te ahumahi, me te kāwanatanga ka taea te whakatere i te whakamahinga o ngā hangarau matomato.
Whakamutunga
He mea nui te mahi a te matū matomato i roto i ngā mahi tiaki taiao mā te ārahi i te hoahoa o ngā hua me ngā tukanga matū haumaru ake, whai hua ake, me te pumau ake. Mā te whakatinana i ngā mātāpono 12 o te matū matomato, ka taea e te umanga matū te whakaiti i ngā pānga kino ki te taiao me te hauora o te tangata, me te whakanui ake i te whai huatanga me te whakaiti i ngā utu whakaputa. Ahakoa kei te anga tonu ki ngā wero maha, kei te tipu haere tonu ngā whai wāhitanga mō te whakawhanake me te whakatinana i te matū matomato me te piki haere o te mōhiotanga me te tautoko mai i ngā rōpū rerekē. Mā te whakapau kaha tahi, ka taea e te matū matomato te noho hei tūāpapa mō te whanaketanga ahumahi pumau me te taiao.
