Te Ture a Faraday
Pengantar
Ko te ture a Faraday mō te whakapūtanga hikohiko he mātāpono taketake i roto i te ahupūngao e whakaahua ana me pēhea te whakaputa i te au hiko i roto i te ara iahiko e huri haere ana i roto i te ara iahiko. I kitea e Michael Faraday i te tau 1831, ko tēnei ture he pou matua o te hikohiko, ā, he maha ngā whakamahinga i roto i ngā hangarau hou, pērā i ngā whakaputa hiko me ngā whakawhiti hiko. Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga te ariā kei muri i te ture a Faraday, ngā whakamātautau e tautoko ana i tēnei, me ōna whakamahinga mahi maha.
Ariā Taketake
Te Whakamāramatanga o te Ture a Faraday
E ai ki te ture a Faraday, ko te kaha hiko (EMF) e whakaohohia ana i roto i tētahi ara iahiko kati he rite ki te tere o te huringa o te rerenga aukume i roto i te ara iahiko. Mā te pāngarau, ko te kīnga o tēnei ture ko:
\[ \mathcal{E} = -\frac{d\Phi_B}{dt} \]
Kei hea:
– Ko te EMF whakaoho (i roto i ngā volts) te \( \mathcal{E} \)
– Ko te rerenga aukume (i roto i ngā webers) ko \( \Phi_B \)
– Ko \( \frac{d\Phi_B}{dt} \) te tere o te huringa o te rerenga aukume.
I ahu mai te tohu kino i roto i tēnei whārite i te Ture a Lenz, e kī ana ko te ahunga o te EMF whakaohokia he rite tonu ki te ātete ki te huringa o te rerenga aukume e hua ai.
Rerenga Aukume
Ko te rerenga aukume \( \Phi_B \) he ine i te nui o te papa aukume e whiti ana i roto i tētahi wāhi kua whakaritea. Ko te whakamāramatanga o te rerenga aukume ko:
\[ \Phi_B = B \cdot A \cdot \cos(\theta) \]
Kei hea:
– Ko te papa aukume (i roto i te tesla) te \( B \),
– Ko te horahanga e whitia ana e te papa aukume (i roto i ngā mita pūrua) ko \( A \),
– Ko \( \theta \) te koki i waenganui i te papa aukume me te rārangi poutū ki te horahanga.
Te Ture a Lenz
Mā te Ture a Lenz ka homai te ahunga o te EMF i whakaohokia me te iahiko e puta mai ana. E ai ki te Ture a Lenz, ka puta he papa aukume i roto i te ara iahiko e ārai ana i te huringa o te rerenga aukume i puta ai. Mā te pāngarau, ka whakaatuhia tēnei e te tohu kino i roto i te whārite Ture a Faraday.
Te whakamātautau a Faraday
Te Kitenga o te Whakaoho Hikohiko
I whakahaerehia e Michael Faraday ētahi whakamātautau i te tau 1831 hei ako i te whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā papa aukume me ngā iahiko hiko. Ko tētahi o ngā whakamātautau matua a Faraday i uru atu ki tētahi koiri waea i honoa ki tētahi galvanometer (he taputapu hei ine i te iahiko hiko) me tētahi aukume pae. I kitea e Faraday ina nekehia te aukume pae ki te koiri, ki te tawhiti rānei, ka puta he iahiko hiko i roto i te koiri, ā, ka kitea e te galvanometer.
Ngā Rerekētanga Whakamātautau
I whakahaerehia anō e Faraday tētahi momo whakamātautau o tēnei whakamātautau mā te whakamahi i ngā koiri waea e rua e takai ana i te pūtake rino. I te wā i tukuna ai he iahiko hiko mā te koiri tuatahi (te koiri tuatahi), ka puta he iahiko hiko i roto i te koiri tuarua (te koiri tuarua) nā te papa aukume i hua mai. I whakatau a Faraday ko te hurihanga o te papa aukume puta noa i ngā koiri te take o te iahiko hiko i puta mai.
Te Whakamahinga o te Ture a Faraday
Pūkaha Hiko
Ko te whakaputa hiko tētahi o ngā whakamahinga matua o te Ture a Faraday. Ka hurihia e ngā whakaputa hiko te pūngao miihini ki te pūngao hiko mā te mātāpono o te whakapūngao hikohiko. Ina huri te koiri waea i roto i te papa aukume, ka puta he emf i te huringa aukume puta noa i te koiri, ka puta he iahiko hiko.
1. Pūhiko Whakaoho AC (Au Hurihuri)
– Mātāpono Mahi: Ka whakamahia e te miihini hiko AC he papa aukume i hangaia e te aukume tuturu, e te aukume hiko rānei. Ina huri te koiri i roto i te papa aukume, ka rerekē te rerenga aukume puta noa i te koiri, ka puta he iahiko hurihuri.
– Ngā Whakamahinga: E whakamahia ana ngā miihini hiko AC i roto i ngā tipu hiko nui, ngā tāpoi hau, me ngā miihini hiko kawe.
2. Pūnaha Whakaputa Hiko DC (Au Tika)
– Mātāpono Mahi: Ka whakamahia e te whakaputa hiko DC tētahi kaitahuri hei huri i te iahiko tauutuutu i whakapūtaia ki roto i te koiri hei iahiko tika. He taputapu miihini te kaitahuri e whakarite ana kia rere te iahiko i te taha kotahi.
– Ngā Whakamahinga: E whakamahia ana ngā miihini hiko DC i roto i ngā mahi pēnei i te utu pākahiko, ngā pūnaha hiko ohorere, me ngā mahi ahumahi.
pūtahuri
He taputapu te whakawhiti hiko e whakarerekē ana i te ngaohiko i roto i te pūnaha tohatoha hiko, e ahu mai ana i te mātāpono o te whakapūngao hikohiko. E rua ngā koiri o te whakawhiti hiko, he tuatahi, he tuarua, e takai ana i te matua rino.
– Mātāpono Mahi: Ko te iahiko e rere ana i roto i te koiri tuatahi ka puta he rerenga aukume e whakaoho ana i te EMF i roto i te koiri tuarua. Mā te whakarerekē i te maha o ngā hurihanga i roto i ngā koiri tuatahi me te tuarua, ka taea te whakanui ake, te whakaiti rānei i te ngaohiko i runga i te hiahia.
– Ngā Whakamahinga: Ka whakamahia ngā whakawhiti hiko i roto i ngā pūnaha tohatoha hiko hei whakanui, hei whakaiti rānei i te ngaohiko hiko, kia taea ai te tuku hiko pai mai i ngā tipu hiko ki ngā kaihoko.
Te Whakautu Ahokore
Ko te utu ahokore he hangarau e whakamahi ana i te kaupapa o te hikohiko hikohiko hei whakawhiti pūngao me te kore taura.
– Mātāpono Mahi: Ka whakamahia e te utu ahokore te papa aukume i hangaia e te koiri utu hei whakaoho i te EMF i roto i te koiri whiwhi e piri ana ki te taputapu kia utua. Ka puta he iahiko hiko i roto i te koiri whiwhi i te papa aukume e huri haere ana, e whakamahia ana hei utu i te pākahiko o te taputapu.
– Ngā Whakamahinga: E whakamahia ana te utu ahokore i roto i ngā taputapu hiko pēnei i ngā waea atamai, ngā mataaratanga atamai, me ngā taputapu hauora kawe.
Ngā Āhuatanga e Pā Ana
1. Pānga o te Au Eddy
– Mātāpono Mahi: Ko ngā iahiko hurihuri he iahiko e whakaohokia ana i roto i tētahi ara iahiko e tētahi papa aukume e huri haere ana. Ka puta i ēnei iahiko hurihuri he papa aukume e ātete ana ki te huringa o te rerenga aukume i puta ai aua iahiko.
– Ngā Whakamahinga: E whakamahia ana te au Eddy i roto i ngā parai hikohiko, te kimi konganuku, me te whakamātautau kore-whakangaro.
2. Te ātete aukume
– Mātāpono Mahi: Ko te ātete aukume ko te huringa o te ātete hiko o tētahi rauemi i puta mai i tētahi papa aukume o waho. E whakamahia ana tēnei āhuatanga i roto i te hangarau rokiroki raraunga me ngā pūoko aukume.
– Ngā Whakamahinga: E whakamahia ana te ātete aukume i roto i ngā puku kōpae mārō, ngā pūoko tere, me ngā pūnaha pūoko tūnga.
3. Pānga Hōro
– Mātāpono Mahi: Ko te pānga Hall he āhuatanga e puta ai he rerekētanga ngaohiko puta noa i te kaiwhakahaere e te papa aukume e poutū ana ki te iahiko i roto i te kaiārahi hiko. Ka kiia tēnei ngaohiko ko te ngaohiko Hall.
– Ngā Whakamahinga: Ka whakamahia te pānga Hall i roto i ngā pūoko Hall hei ine i ngā papa aukume, te tere, me te tūranga.
Ngā Taupānga Hangarau Matatau
Hangarau Hauora: MRI (Whakaahua Āhua Aukume)
He tikanga whakaahua hauora te MRI e whakamahi ana i ngā papa aukume me ngā ngaru reo irirangi hei whakaputa whakaahua taipitopito o ngā hanganga ā-roto o te tinana tangata.
– Te Mahi: Ka whakamahia e te MRI tētahi papa aukume kaha hei whakahāngai i ngā pūrotene i roto i te tinana. Ina whakakāhia, ina whakawetohia rānei te papa aukume, ka tukuna e ēnei pūrotene ngā tohu ka hopukina, ka tukatukahia hei whakaahua e te rorohiko.
– Ngā Whakamahinga: Ka whakamahia te MRI hei tātaritanga i ngā momo mate hauora, tae atu ki ngā pukupuku, ngā mate ngākau, me ngā mate pūnaha io. Ko te painga o te MRI ko tōna kaha ki te whakaputa whakaahua tino taipitopito me te kore e whakamahi i te irahiko ionizing.
Mōta hiko
Ko ngā motuka hiko tētahi o ngā whakamahinga noa o te Ture a Faraday e mahi ana i runga i te mātāpono o te whakapūtanga hikohiko.
– Mātāpono Mahi: Ka mahi ngā motuka hiko mā te rere o te iahiko hiko i roto i tētahi pōkai kei roto i tētahi papa aukume, ā, ka puta he kaha e huri ai te pōkai.
– Ngā Whakamahinga: E whakamahia ana ngā motuka hiko i roto i te tini o ngā taputapu, mai i ngā taputapu o te whare ki ngā mīhini ahumahi nunui.
Whakamutunga
Ko te ture a Faraday mō te whakapūtanga hikohiko he mātāpono taketake i roto i te ahupūngao e whakamārama ana me pēhea te whakaputa i te au hiko i roto i te ara iahiko e huri haere ana i te papa aukume. I kitea e Michael Faraday i te tau 1831, kua waiho tēnei ture hei pūtake mō ngā hangarau hou maha, tae atu ki ngā whakaputa hiko, ngā whakawhiti hiko, me te hangarau ahokore. I whakaatuhia e ngā whakamātautau a Faraday te whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā papa aukume me te au hiko, i whakaahuatia i muri mai mā te pāngarau ko te ture o te whakapūtanga hikohiko.
He whānui ngā whakamahinga o te Ture a Faraday, e kapi ana i ngā mara pēnei i te whakaputa hiko, te tohatoha, te utu ahokore, te hangarau hauora, me ngā motuka hiko. Ko ngā āhuatanga e pā ana pēnei i te pānga o te au hurihuri, te ātete aukume, me te pānga Hall e whakaatu ana i te awe whānui o te whakapūtanga hikohiko i roto i te pūtaiao me te hangarau. I te whanaketanga o te hangarau me te rangahau, ka haere tonu te whānui o ngā whakamahinga o te Ture a Faraday, ka huaki te kuaha ki ngā auahatanga matatau me te whai hua ake i te heke mai.
