Te Matū Entropi
I te kōrero o mua, i akohia e tātou ētahi kōrero motuhake mō te ture tuarua o te thermodynamics. Me mōhio ko ēnei kōrero motuhake ka taea anake te whakamārama i ētahi tukanga kore e taea te whakakore. Ko te kōrero a Clausius ka whakamārama noa i te whakawhiti wera me tōna whanaungatanga ki te kaupapa mahi o ngā pouaka whakamātao. Ko ngā kōrero a Kelvin me Planck e pā ana ki te kaupapa mahi o ngā miihini wera . Ko te tikanga, e pā ana ēnei kōrero e rua ki te whakawhiti wera. He maha atu anō ngā tukanga kore e taea te whakakore kāore e taea te whakamārama mā te whakamahi i ēnei kōrero e rua.
Kāore e taea e te kōrero motuhake o te ture tuarua o te thermodynamics te whakamārama i ngā tukanga kore e taea te huri i ngā mea katoa, nō reira me whai kōrero whānui ake tātou. E tūmanakohia ana ka whakamāramahia e tēnei kōrero whānui ngā tukanga kore e taea te huri i ngā mea katoa e puta ana i te ao whānui. I hangaia noa te kōrero whānui o te ture tuarua o te thermodynamics i waenganui o te rautau tekau mā iwa, mā te rahinga e kiia nei ko te entropy (S). Ka taea te whakaaro ko te entropy he ine i te koretake. I whakaurua tuatahitia te nui o te entropy e Clausius, ā, i ahu mai i te huringa Carnot (he miihini wera tino tika). E ai ki a Clausius, ko te nui o te huringa o te entropy e pā ana ki tētahi pūnaha, ina whiwhi te pūnaha i te wera tāpiri (Q) i te pāmahana pumau, ka whakaatuhia e te whārite:
Ko te entropy he rahinga e whakaahua ana i te āhua moroiti o tētahi pūnaha, nō reira kāore e taea te ine tika. Ka tirohia noa e mātou te huringa o te entropy. He rite ki te huringa o te pūngao i roto i te ture tuatahi o te thermodynamics.
Tauira pātai 1:
Ka pāngia te nui o te hau i roto i tētahi ipu e te whakawhanuitanga adiabatic. He aha te huringa o te entropy o te hau?
Kōrero
I roto i te tukanga adiabatic, kāore he wera e tomo mai, e wehe atu rānei i te pūnaha (hau). Nā te mea ko Q = 0, ko Δ S = 0. Ka noho pūmau te entropy o te pūnaha. Ā, me pēhea te pēhitanga adiabatic? He rite tonu. I roto i te pēhitanga adiabatic, kāore he wera e tomo mai, e wehe atu rānei i te pūnaha (Q = 0). Nō reira, he pūmau te entropy o te pūnaha.
Tauira pātai 2:
Ka whiwhi te miihini Carnot i te 2000 J o te wera i te 500 K, ka mahi, ā, ka whakakore i tētahi nui o te wera i te 350 K. Tātaihia te nui o te wera i whakakorea me te huringa entropy katoa i roto i te miihini i te huringa kotahi.
Kōrero
Ki te whiwhi wera te pūnaha, ka pai te Q, ki te tukuna te wera e te pūnaha, ka kino te Q. Ko te pūnaha mō tēnei take he miihini Carnot.
I roto i te huringa kotahi, ka pāngia te mīhini Carnot e ngā tukanga isothermal e rua ka taea te huri (te whānui isothermal + te pēhi isothermal) me ngā tukanga adiabatic ka taea te huri (te whānui adiabatic me te pēhi adiabatic). I roto i ngā tukanga whānui me te pēhi adiabatic, kāore he wera e tomo, e puta rānei i te pūnaha (Q = 0). Mai i te mea ko Q = 0, ko te huringa o te entropy i te wā o te tukanga adiabatic = 0.
I te wā e whakawhanui ana te wera i te wā e whakamahia ana te mīhini, ka mimitihia e te mīhini te 2000 J o te wera (Q) i te pāmahana (T) o te 500 K. Nā te mea ka mimitihia e te mīhini te wera, he pai te Q. Ko te huringa o te entropy o te mīhini i te wā e whakawhanui ana te wera i te wā e whakamahia ana te wera i te wā e whakamahia ana te wera i te wā e whakamahia ana te mīhini:
I te wā e pēhia ana te wera ā-ira, ka whakakorea e te mīhini te 1400 J o te wera (Q) i te pāmahana (T) o te 350 K. Nā te mea ka whakakorea e te mīhini te wera, he tohu kino tā Q. Ko te huringa o te entropy o te mīhini i te wā e pēhia ana te wera ā-ira ko:
Huringa entropy katoa = 4 J/K ‐ 4 J/K = 0
Tauira pātai 3:
E whiwhi ana tētahi mīhini wera i te 600 Joule o te wera (Q) i te pāmahana o te 300 ° C, ka mahi, ā, ka whakakorea he nui o te wera i te pāmahana o te 100 ° C. Tātaihia te nui o te wera i whakakorea me te huringa entropy katoa i roto i te mīhini i te huringa kotahi...
Kōrero
T H = 300 K
Q H = 600 J
T L = 100 K
QL =?
I roto i te huringa kotahi, ka pāngia te mīhini Carnot e ngā tukanga isothermal e rua ka taea te huri (te whānui isothermal + te pēhi isothermal) me ngā tukanga adiabatic ka taea te huri (te whānui adiabatic me te pēhi adiabatic). I roto i ngā tukanga whānui me te pēhi adiabatic, kāore he wera e tomo, e puta rānei i te pūnaha (Q = 0). Mai i te mea ko Q = 0, ko te huringa o te entropy i te wā o te tukanga adiabatic = 0.
I te wā e whakawhanui ana te wera i te wā e whakawhanui ana, ka mimiti te mīhini i te 600 J o te wera (Q) i te pāmahana (T) o te 300 K. Nā te mea ka mimiti te mīhini i te wera, he pai te Q. Ko te huringa o te entropy o te mīhini i te wā e whakawhanui ana te wera i te wā e whakawhanui ana:
I te wā e pēhia ana te wera ā-ira, ka whakakorea e te mīhini te 200 J o te wera (Q) i te pāmahana (T) o te 100 K. Nā te mea ka whakakorea e te mīhini te wera, he tohu kino tā Q. Ko te huringa o te entropy o te mīhini i te wā e pēhia ana te wera ā-ira ko:
Huringa entropy katoa = 2 J/K ‐ 2 J/K = 0
Mai i te tauira pātai nama 2 me te tauira pātai nama 3, te āhua nei ko te huringa entropy katoa mō tētahi tukanga whakahurihuri = 0. Arā, i roto i tētahi tukanga whakahurihuri, he pumau tonu te entropy katoa.
Tauira pātai 4:
Ko te pāmahana o tētahi poraka hukapapa 2 kg he 0 ° C. Ka whakatakotoria te poraka hukapapa ki roto i tētahi ipu, ā, ka tukuna ki te rā. Nā te wera tāpiri mai i te hau me te rā, ka rewa te hukapapa. Tātaihia te huringa o te entropy o te hukapapa. (Ko te wera o te hanumitanga o te wai = 3,34 x 105 J /Kg)
Kōrero
Taumaha o te hukapapa = 2 kg
Te pāmahana hukapapa = 0 o C + 273 = 273 K
Te wera o te hanumitanga o te wai = 3,34 x 10 5 J/Kg
Ko te wera e hiahiatia ana hei whakarewa i te 2 kg o te hukapapa ki roto i te wai:
Q = mL
Q = (2 kg)(3,34 x 105 J /Kg)
Q = 6,68 x 10 5 J
Q = 668 x 10 3 J
I te wā e rewa ana (mai i te hukapapa ki te wai), he pumau te pāmahana. Nā te mea he pumau te pāmahana, ka tatauhia te huringa o te entropy o te hukapapa.
Tauira pātai 5:
Ka konatunatua he karāhe wai i te 26 ° C ki tētahi karāhe wai i te 22 ° C. Mēnā ko te taumaha o te wai i roto i te karāhe = 2 kg, tātaihia te huringa o te entropy o te wai. Me kī kei roto i tētahi ipu kua kati, he pai te whakamahana o te wai wera me te wai matao. He tukanga kore e taea te whakakore i te whakawhiti wera.
Kōrero
Te wera motuhake o te wai (c) = 4180 J/Kg C o
Taumaha wai = 2 Kg (taumaha wai ōrite).
Nā te mea he ōrite te taumaha o te wai, ko te pāmahana whakamutunga o te ranunga = 24 ° C (26 ° C + 22 ° C / 2 = 48 ° C / 2 = 24 ° C).
Te nui o te wera e tukuna ana e te wai wera ina heke te pāmahana mai i te 26 ° C ki te 24 ° C:
Q = mc Δ T = (2 kg)(4180 J/kg C o )(26 o C – 24 o C) = (2 Kg)(4180 J/kg C o )(2 o C) = 16720 J
Te nui o te wera e mimitihia ana e te wai matao ina piki ake te pāmahana mai i te 22°C ki te 24°C:
Q = mc Δ T = (2 kg)(4180 J/kg C o )(24 o C – 22 o C) = (2 kg)(4180 J/kg C o )(2 o C) = 16720 J
Huringa entropy katoa = Huringa o te entropy o te wai wera + huringa o te entropy o te wai matao
Te pāmahana toharite o te wai wera = (26 ° C + 24 ° C) / 2 = 50 ° C / 2 = 25 ° C ‐‐‐‐ 25 + 273 = 298 K
Te pāmahana toharite o te wai matao = (22 ° C + 24 ° C) / 2 = 46 ° C / 2 = 23 ° C ‐‐‐‐ 23 + 273 = 296 K
Ka tukuna te wera e te wai wera, nō reira he kino te Q. I tetahi atu taha, ka mimiti te wai matao i te wera, nō reira he pai te Q. Kia maumahara ki te tikanga tohu Q (te ture tuatahi o te thermodynamics).
Δ S Tapeke = Δ S wai wera + Δ S wai matao
Δ S Tapeke = ‐ 56,107 J/K + 56,486 J/K
Δ S Tapeke = 0,379 J/K
Ka piki te entropy katoa mā te 0,379 J/K
Ahakoa ka heke te entropy o ētahi wāhanga o te pūnaha (‐56,107 J/K), ka piki ake te entropy o ētahi wāhanga o te pūnaha mā te nui ake (+ 56,486 J/K) kia piki tonu ai te entropy katoa (+ 0,379 J/K).
Ko te pikinga o te entropy katoa i roto i tētahi tukanga kore e taea te whakahuri, ehara i te mea e pā ana ki te whakawhiti wera i waenga i te ranunga wai wera me te wai matao i tātarihia i runga ake nei, engari e pā ana hoki ki ngā take katoa i akohia e ngā kaipūtaiao. Ka noho pūmau tonu te entropy katoa mēnā ka taea te whakahuri i te tukanga. Mēnā he kore e taea te whakahuri i te tukanga, ka piki tonu te entropy katoa.
Ko te tikanga, ko ngā tukanga taiao katoa o ia rā e kore e taea te whakakore, nō reira ka piki haere te entropy katoa. Ka whakarapopototia tēnei āhuatanga ki te rārangi e whai ake nei:
I roto i tētahi tukanga kore e taea te hoki whakamuri, ka piki tonu te entropy katoa o te pūnaha me te taiao.
He kōrero whānui tēnei rerenga kōrero kua whakatītahatia mō te ture tuarua o te thermodynamics. He rerekē te ture tuarua o te thermodynamics i ētahi atu ture ahupūngao. I te nuinga o te wā, ka whakaatuhia ngā ture ā-tinana hei whārite (hei tauira, ngā ture a Newton) hei ture tiaki rānei (hei tauira, te ture tiaki pūngao).
Ko te entropy he mehua o te koretake
Ka taea te whakaaro ko te entropy he ine i te koretake. E pā ana ki te kōrero whānui o te ture tuarua o te thermodynamics, ka piki ake te koretake i roto i ngā tukanga kore e taea te whakahuri. Arā, ko ia tukanga kore e taea te whakahuri ka arahi ki te āhua o te koretake. Kāore pea i te mārama te tikanga o te koretake i konei, nō reira ka whakamāramahia mā te whakamahi i ngā tauira o ngā tukanga kore e taea te whakahuri e puta ana i te oranga o ia rā.
He mea nui kia mōhiotia ko te ariā o te entropy i te tīmatanga i honoa noa ki ngā tukanga kore e taea te whakakore e pā ana ki ngā huringa o te āhua pūngao me te whakawhiti pūngao. I muri i te tukunga mai i tōna kakau me te hinga noa kia pā ki te whenua, kāore te māngo e paheke ki runga. Ko te pukapuka e panaia ana e tātou, kātahi ka mutu, kāore e hoki whakamuri mai ki a tātou. Ko ēnei ētahi tauira o ngā tukanga kore e taea te whakakore e pā ana ki ngā huringa o te āhua pūngao me te whakawhiti pūngao mai i tētahi mea ki tētahi atu. Ka puta noa ēnei tukanga i te kotahi te ahunga, engari kāore i te taha kē. Kāore te māngo e paheke ki runga i a ia anō nā te mea ka hurihia tōna pūngao ā-roto hei pūngao nekeneke . Kāore te pukapuka e paheke ki a tātou nā te mea ka hurihia te wera i puta mai i te waku hei pūngao nekeneke.
Ko ngā tukanga kore e taea te hoki whakamuri e puta ana i te ao whānui, ehara i te mea e pā ana ki ngā huringa o ngā āhua pūngao me te whakawhiti pūngao anake. I muri i te whānautanga, ka tipu tātou hei pēpi, hei tamariki, hei taiohi, hei pakeke, kātahi ka koroheke, ka pirau, ā, ka mate 😉 Kua kite koe i tētahi kaumātua e huri ana hei pēpi? Kāore rawa… Ka memeha, ka pakaru te waea pūkoro e whakamahia ana e tātou i roto i te wā… Ka memeha, ka ngoikore te motuka hou i te tīmatanga, he maeneene, he kaha hoki, i muri i te whakamahinga mō ētahi tau. Kua kite koe i tētahi motuka tawhito e huri hou ana? Ka memeha, ka pai ake rānei tō waea pūkoro tino pai i ia rā? Kāore rawa… I muri i te whakamahinga, ka memeha, ka pakaru te waea pūkoro. He rite tonu ngā motuka… Ko ētahi tauira ēnei o ngā tukanga kore e taea te hoki whakamuri, kāore he pānga ki ngā huringa o ngā āhua pūngao me te whakawhiti pūngao…. Ināianei, i muri i te mōhio he kore e taea te hoki whakamuri ngā tukanga taiao katoa e puta ana i te ao whānui, ka whānui ake te ariā o te entropy. Kāore te kōrero e kapi noa i ngā tukanga thermodynamic engari kei roto hoki i te maha atu o ngā tukanga kore e taea te hoki whakamuri i roto i te ao whānui.
Nā, me matapaki tātou i ētahi tukanga kore e taea te huri i roto i te oranga o ia rā. Tuatahi, me whakaaro tātou ki tētahi tukanga kore e taea te huri. He kupu whakataki noa iho tēnei, kia mārama ai koe ki te ariā o te entropy me tōna whanaungatanga ki ngā tukanga kore e taea te huri.
Hei tauira, me kī he maha āu māpere whero me te kikorangi. Ka whakatakotoria ngā māpere ki roto i tētahi ipu. Kei raro ngā māpere kikorangi e tū pai ana, ko ngā māpere whero ia kei runga (pikitia maui). He tino pai te āhua o te whakatakotoranga o ō māpere i roto i te ipu… He kikorangi katoa te raro, he whero katoa te runga.
Muri iho, ka rūrūtia, ka ruia rānei te ipu ki runga, ki raro. Nā te mea ka nekehia te ipu ki runga, ki raro, ka huri te whakatakotoranga o ngā māpere i te tīmatanga he tino ōrite, ā, ka huri anō hei kore ōrite (pikitia matau). Ka konatunatua ngā māpere whero me te kikorangi 😉 I te nui o tō rūrūtanga, ka nui ake te kore ōrite o te whakatakotoranga o ngā māpere… Tērā pea i muri i te rūrūtanga, ka rite te whakatakotoranga o ngā māpere ki mua? Kāore e taea… Tēnā koa whakamātauria mēnā kāore koe e whakapono. Kāore e taea e ngā māpere te rite ki mua… He tauira tēnei o tētahi tukanga kore e taea te hoki whakamuri. I muri i te wheako i tētahi tukanga kore e taea te hoki whakamuri, ka huri te whakatakotoranga o ngā māpere i te tīmatanga he tino ōrite, ā, ka huri hei kore ōrite. Kua huri te ōrite hei kore ōrite…
Ka pērā anō te āhua i roto i ētahi atu tukanga kore e taea te hoki. Ina pā tātou ki tētahi mea wera me tētahi mea matao, ka rere aunoa te wera mai i te mea wera ki te mea matao… Ka mutu te rere o te wera i muri i te taenga o ngā mea e rua e pā ana ki te pāmahana ōrite. Kāore e taea te hoki tēnei tukanga… Āe, i te tīmatanga e rua ā tātou whakaritenga ngota, arā, ko ngā ngota he nui te kaha nekeneke toharite (ngā ngota e hanga ana i te mea wera) me ngā ngota he iti te kaha nekeneke toharite (ngā ngota e hanga ana i te mea matao). I muri i te taenga o te mea wera me te mea matao ki te pāmahana ōrite (he rite te kaha nekeneke toharite o ngā ngota), kāore e taea e tātou te wehewehe i ngā whakaritenga ngota e rua. Ka huri te whakaritenga o ngā ngota i te tīmatanga he rite tonu ki te kore e rite. He rite ki te whakaritenga o ngā māpere i runga ake nei… I muri i te taenga o ngā mea e rua ki te pāmahana ōrite, ka huri te whakaritenga auau o ngā ngota ki te kore e rite (ka piki ake te kore e rite nā te whakawhiti wera kore e taea te hoki).
Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, ko te rere o te wera mai i tētahi mea wera ki tētahi mea matao ka taea te whakaaro ko te rere o te wera mai i tētahi rohe pāmahana teitei ki tētahi rohe pāmahana iti i roto i tētahi miihini wera. Mā te rere o te wera mai i tētahi rohe pāmahana teitei ki tētahi rohe pāmahana iti ka taea e te miihini wera te mahi. Kāore e taea e te miihini wera te mahi me te kore he rere o te wera. Nō reira, ka taea e tātou te whakatū i tētahi hononga i waenga i te rahi o te raruraru me te kaha ki te mahi mahi. I muri i te taenga ki te pāmahana ōrite, kāore he rere o te wera mai i te mea wera ki te mea matao (ka piki ake te raruraru). Nā te mea ka ārai te korenga o te rere o te wera i te miihini wera ki te mahi mahi, ka taea e tātou te kī he nui te raruraru o tētahi pūnaha kāore e taea te mahi, ko tētahi pūnaha e taea te mahi he iti te raruraru…
Mai i ēnei hua, ka taea e tātou te whakatau i te whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā momo pūngao me te ine o te koretake. Ko te momo pūngao ka taea te whakamahi hei mahi ko te pūngao pūmanawa. Ka taea te whakamahi i te pūngao pūmanawa ā-papa o te wai hei neke i te tāpine. Ka taea te whakamahi i te pūngao pūmanawa matū i roto i te hinu hei neke i te waka. Ka taea te whakamahi i te pūngao pūmanawa matū i roto i ō tātou tinana hei mahi, hei haereere, hei ako… Ka taea te whakamahi i te pūngao pūmanawa ā-papa o te māngo hei whakatika i te turuturu i te tuanui o te whare 😉 Nā te mea ka taea te whakamahi i ngā momo pūngao whai hua hei mahi, ka taea e tātou te kī he pai ake te raupapa o ngā momo pūngao whai hua, engari he koretake ake ngā momo pūngao koretake. Ko ngā momo pūngao koretake ko te pūngao ā-roto me te wera… I muri i te pānga ki te whenua, kāore te māngo e paheke ki runga anō nā te mea ka hurihia te pūngao ā-roto hei pūngao nekeneke…
I muri i tā tātou pana i te pukapuka, ka neke te pukapuka. Nā te waku ka mutu te neke o te pukapuka… I tēnei wā, kua huri te kaha nekeneke o te pukapuka hei wera (ka puta te wera nā te waku). Ko te mea pono, kāore tonu te pukapuka e paheke ana ki muri mai ki a tātou nā te mea kua huri te wera hei kaha nekeneke… E whakaatu ana ēnei tauira e rua he momo kaha koretake te wera. Kāore e taea te whakamahi i ngā momo kaha koretake hei mahi. Nō reira, ka taea e tātou te kī he nui te koretake o te wera me te kaha ā-roto…
Ko te tikanga, ko te tukanga o te whakarerekē i te āhua o te pūngao, mai i te āhua whai hua o te pūngao ki te āhua kore hua o te pūngao ka whakanui ake i te koretake… I roto i te reo kōrero, ka piki tonu te entropy i te wā e whakarerekē ana i te āhua o te pūngao… Nā te mea ka piki tonu te entropy i te wā e haere ana te wā, ka huri ngā āhua whai hua katoa o te pūngao ki ngā āhua kore hua. Ka tiakina tonutia te pūngao i te wā e whakarerekē ana i te āhua o te pūngao, engari ko te āhua o te pūngao he raupapa, ā, ka taea te whakamahi hei mahi, ka huri hei āhua koretake, ā, kāore e taea te whakamahi hei mahi…
Entropi me ngā tatauranga
I mua ake nei, i kōrero tātou ko te entropy he mehua o te koretake. Ko ia tukanga kore e taea te whakahuri ka arahi ki te āhua o te koretake teitei. Tērā pea he āhua koretake, he mārama hoki tēnei whakaaro. Hei mārama ake i te ariā o te entropy, ka taea e tātou te whakamahi i te huarahi tatauranga. Ko te mārama ki te ariā o te entropy mā te whakamahi i te huarahi tatauranga i whakamahia tuatahitia e Ludwig Boltzmann (1844–1906).
I te tīmatanga o tēnei tuhinga, i whakamāramahia ko te entropy he rahinga e whakaahua ana i te āhua moroiti o tētahi pūnaha. Ka taea te mōhio tika ki ngā rahinga e whakaahua ana i ngā āhua makroskopi, engari kāore e taea e ngā rahinga e whakaahua ana i ngā āhua moroiti. Hei mārama ki te āhua moroiti, ka taea e tātou te tirotiro i te whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā āhua makroskopi me ngā āhua moroiti.
He moni kotahi rau rupiah tāu? E rua ngā taha o te moni kotahi rau rupiah: ko tētahi taha he manu Garuda, ko tētahi taha he kupu 100 rupiah. Hei tauira, ki te mea he moni e whā rau rupiah tāu… ki te makahia e koe ngā moni e whā rau rupiah katoa ki te papa, e rima ngā putanga rerekē i roto i te makanga kotahi:
Tuatahi, ka puta katoa ngā whakaahua o te manu Garuda (4 whakaahua);
Tuarua, e toru ngā pikitia o te manu Garuda e puta mai ana, kotahi te tuhituhinga o te kotahi rau rupiah (3 ngā pikitia, kotahi te tuhituhinga);
Tuatoru, ka puta mai ngā whakaahua e rua o te manu Garuda, e rua ngā kupu kotahi rau rupiah (2 whakaahua, 2 kupu);
Tuawhā, ka puta mai tētahi ahua o te manu Garuda, ka puta mai ētahi kupu e toru, kotahi rau rupiah (1 ahua, e toru kupu);
Tuarima, ka puta ngā kupu kotahi rau rupiah (4 kupu)…
Ka kiia ēnei whakaahua, ēnei tuhinga rānei e rima he āhua makoropiko (makoro = nui). I tetahi atu taha, ki te whakaatu tātou i ngā moni e whā hei whakaahua, hei tuhinga rānei, kei te kī tātou he āhua moroiti (makoro = iti).
I roto i te whiunga kotahi, e 16 ngā āhua moroiti pea (E rua ngā tūponotanga o ia moni. E whā ngā moni e 16 ngā tūponotanga = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 2 4 = 16). Ko te tūponotanga nui rawa atu ko te puta mai o ngā pikitia e 2 me ngā tuhinga e 2 (E 6 ngā āhua moroiti pea i roto i te katoa o ngā āhua moroiti e 16 - 6/16 x 100% = 37,5%). I tētahi atu taha, ko te tūponotanga iti rawa ko te puta mai o ngā pikitia e 4, o ngā tuhinga e 4 rānei (E 1 te āhua moroiti pea o ia moni - 1/16 x 100% = 6,25%). Ko tā tātou e kōrero nei i konei ko te tūponotanga, ko te tūponotanga rānei... Ki te whiu moni tātou i ngā wā e 16, kāore i te tino mōhiotia ka puta mai ngā pikitia e 2 me ngā tuhinga e 2 i ngā wā e 6. Engari ki te whiu moni tātou i ngā mano tini wā, ka tata te tūponotanga o te puta mai o ngā pikitia e 2 me ngā tuhinga e 2 ki te 37,5%.
He pai ake te whakamatau... Tēnā whiua ngā moni e whā rau rupiah kia 100 ngā wā (1000 ngā wā mēnā ka taea e koe 😉). Tuhia ngā raraunga i whiwhihia i roto i te whiunga kotahi... Whai muri i te whiunga o ngā moni kia 100 ngā wā, ka kitea e koe e rua ngā whakaahua me ngā tuhinga e rua te nuinga o te wā e puta mai ana. Ko te nui ake o ngā whiunga, ko te tūponotanga kia rua ngā whakaahua me ngā tuhinga e rua e tata ana ki te 37,5% o te tapeke o ngā whiunga.
I mua, e whā noa ngā moni i tirohia e tātou. Mēnā ka whakanuia e tātou te maha o ngā moni, ka piki ake te maha o ngā āhua moroiti. Hei tauira, e 100 ā tātou moni… I roto i te whiunga kotahi, e 2 100 = 1,27 x 10 30 ngā āhua moroiti pea… Ko te tūponotanga nui rawa atu ko te puta mai o te 50 pikitia me te 50 tuhinga (E 1,01 x 10 29 ngā āhua moroiti pea i roto i te katoa o te 1,27 x 10 30 ngā āhua moroiti). I tetahi atu taha, ko te tūponotanga iti rawa ko te puta mai o te 100 pikitia, o te 100 tuhinga rānei (Kotahi anake te āhua moroiti pea o ia moni i roto i te katoa o te 1,27 x 10 30 ngā āhua moroiti). He tino iti, ā, tata kore e taea… Mēnā he 1000 ā tātou moni, he iti ake te tūponotanga o te puta mai o te 1000 pikitia, o te 1000 tuhinga rānei, ā, ka piki haere te kore e taea.
Hei hono i tēnei ki te ariā o te entropy, ka taea e tātou te whakaaro kei roto i te whakaritenga raupapa ngā whakaahua katoa, ngā tuhinga katoa rānei, ko te haurua o ngā whakaahua me te haurua o te tuhinga kei roto i te whakaritenga koretake. Ka nui ake te maha o ngā moni, ka iti ake te tūponotanga, te tūponotanga rānei kia whiwhi i te whakaritenga raupapa (ngā whakaahua katoa, ngā tuhinga katoa rānei), ā, ka tata kore e taea. I tetahi atu taha, he nui ake te tūponotanga, te tūponotanga rānei o te whakaritenga koretake (te haurua o ngā whakaahua me te haurua o te tuhinga). Mai i tēnei hua, te āhua nei he hononga tata te koretake ki te tūponotanga. Ko te āhua tino tūpono he āhua koretake, ko te āhua tino kore pea he āhua raupapa.
Ko te kōrero whānui o te ture tuarua o te thermodynamics, i kōrerohia e tātou i mua ake nei, e kī ana ko te entropy, te koretake rānei, ka piki tonu i roto i ngā tukanga kore e taea te huri. Ka taea te mārama ki tēnei kōrero o te ture tuarua o te thermodynamics hei kōrero mō te tūponotanga. Ko te tikanga o tēnei ko ia tukanga e puta ana i te ao whānui ko ia te mea he nui rawa te tūponotanga, te whai wāhitanga rānei. Kāore te ture tuarua o te thermodynamics e aukati i te hekenga o te entropy i roto i ngā tukanga kore e taea te huri, engari he tino iti te tūponotanga, he tata kore e taea. I tetahi atu taha, he nui ake te tūponotanga o te pikinga o te entropy. Ko te maha o ngā pene i whakaarohia e tātou i mua ake nei he 100 noa iho… i roto i te ao tūturu, he 6,02 x 1023 ngā ngota i roto i te kotahi ira … he tau tino nui tēnei. He tino nui ngā āhua moroiti pea o tēnei tau, nō reira he tino iti te tūponotanga o te raupapa, tata kore e taea…
Ki te tukua he karāhe ki runga i te papa, ka taea e ngā maramara karāhe e marara ana ki runga i te papa te kohikohi anō, ka hanga he karāhe katoa pērā i mua. Engari he iti rawa te tūponotanga o tēnei mea, kāore e taea… i te mea kei te mau tonu te karāhe, ka pai ake te tūnga o ngā ngota. Ina taka te karāhe kia pakaru rā anō, kia marara ai ngā maramara karāhe ki runga i te whenua, ka noho pōrearea te tūnga o ngā ngota. He iti rawa te tūponotanga o te hoki ki te tūnga pai, ā, kāore e taea te tumanako kia kohikohi anō ngā ngota karāhe. Ki te pā tātou ki tētahi mea wera me tētahi mea makariri, ka rere te wera i a ia anō mai i te mea wera ki te mea makariri… he ngota ngā mea wera e neke matapōkere ana, e tere ana hoki, i tētahi atu taha, kāore i te tino tere te nekehanga o ngā ngota e hanga ana i ngā mea makariri. He nui ake te tūponotanga o ēnei ngota tere ki te tukinga tetahi ki tetahi, ki te whiti rānei ki te mea makariri i te tūponotanga o ngā ngota e neke puhoi ana… ko te tangata tere ka whiwhi 😉 ka taea e te wera te neke mai i tētahi mea makariri ki tētahi mea wera, engari he iti ake te tūponotanga o tēnei mea.
Ka taea e ngā māpere kikorangi me ngā māpere whero i te whakaahua i runga ake nei te hoki ki tō rātou whakatakotoranga taketake, auau. Engari he iti ake te tūponotanga kia hoki ki tētahi whakatakotoranga raupapa. He nui ake te tūponotanga o tētahi whakatakotoranga koretake. Waihoki, me te whānui kore utu e pāngia ana e te hau i roto i tētahi ipu kua kati. E rua ngā rūma o te ipu, kei reira ngā rūma e rua e wehea ana e tētahi ārai. I te tīmatanga, kei roto i te rūma maui te hau. Ina tangohia te ārai, ka huihui ngā ngota hau ki te whiti ki te rūma matau. He takoto kau te rūma matau, ko te rūma maui ia kei roto ngā ngota e neke matapōkere ana. Ina tangohia te ārai, he nui te tūponotanga o ngā ngota ki te whiti ki te rūma takoto kau. I muri i te whakakī a ngā ngota i te rōrahi katoa o te ipu he rua ngā rūma, ka taea e ngā ngota katoa te whakakī anō i te rūma maui? Ka taea, engari he tino iti te tūponotanga. I roto i te kotahi ira anake, e 6,02 x 1023 ngā ngota ... ko te tūponotanga kei roto i te rūma maui ngā ngota katoa he 1 i roto i te miriona ngā tūponotanga. Ko te kotahi i roto i te miriona he tino iti te tūponotanga, ā, tata kore e taea ...
E kī ana te ture tuarua o te thermodynamics ko ia tukanga e puta ana i te ao whānui te tukanga tino tūpono. Ko te ahunga e ahu whakamua ai tētahi tukanga i roto i te taiao (e anga atu ana ki te entropy teitei ake) ka whakatauhia e te tūponotanga, e te tūponotanga rānei… he nui ake te tūponotanga o te puta o te raruraru, nō reira he nui ake te tūponotanga ka puta…
Entropy = pere o te wā
Ka kiia hoki te entropi ko te pere o te wā nā te mea e whakaatu mai ana i te ahunga e haere ai te wā. Ko te ahunga o ia tukanga taiao e anga atu ana ki te koretake. Ki te kite tātou i te ritenga kē, arā, ko te koretake tonu e huri ana hei tikanga, ka taea e tātou te kī kua hurihia te kaupapa. Ki te kite tātou i ngā kongakonga karāhe marara i runga i te papa e huihui ana anō, ā, e hanga ana i te karāhe katoa anō, ka taea e tātou te kī kua hurihia te kaupapa. Kāore tēnei e tupu i roto i ō tātou oranga o ia rā, ā, ki te tupu, ka takahi i te ture tuarua o te thermodynamics. I tēnei take, kāore te wā e neke whakamuri, ā, kāore te koretake e huri aunoa hei tikanga. Ko te mea tino tūpono me te mea tonu i roto i ō tātou oranga ko te neke tonu o te tikanga ki te koretake; ka neke whakamua tonu te wā, kāore e hoki whakamuri. Ki te huri te kaumātua hei pēpi, ka kiia tēnei he mea rerekē, he takahi hoki i te ture tuarua o te thermodynamics.
