Ki te titiro matatau tātou, ka kitea tonu te paoa o te tahunga i te tuatahi. I muri i tētahi wā, kāore e kitea te paoa. Kua whakamahia e koe te hinu kakara? Ahakoa ka rehu koe i te hinu kakara ki roto i tō rūma, ka hongi tonu ētahi atu i waho o te whare i te kakara. Waihoki, ki te tunu kai reka, reka hoki tō whaea i roto i te kīhini, ka hongi te kakara mai i ngā whare o ngā hoa noho tata. He aha ai?
Te Mārama ki te Horapa
He maha atu anō ngā tauira. Mēnā ka ringihia e koe ētahi pata waituhi, tae kai rānei ki roto i tētahi karāhe wai mārama, ka horapa ōrite te waituhi, te tae kai rānei puta noa i te wai. Ka tupu aunoa tēnei. Ko ngā tauira o mua he huihuinga horapa e kitea pinepine ana i roto i te oranga o ia rā. Ko te horapa te tukanga o te neke i ngā ngota ngota o tētahi matū mai i tētahi wāhi kukū teitei ki tētahi wāhi kukū iti. Ko te kukū e pā ana ki te maha o ngā ngota/mōre o tētahi matū mō ia rōrahi. Ko te wāhi kukū teitei ko te wāhi he maha ngā ngota ngota o tētahi matū mō ia rōrahi. I tetahi atu taha, ko te wāhi kukū iti ko te wāhi he torutoru ngā ngota ngota mō ia rōrahi.
Ina tahuna te para, he tino teitei te kukū o te paoa huri noa i te oumu tahu. Nā te rerekētanga o te kukū, ka horapa aunoa ngā ngota paoa mai i ngā wāhi kukū teitei ki ngā wāhi kukū iti. Ko ngā ngota paoa, i te tīmatanga ka huihui tahi, ā, ka marara ki ngā taha katoa.
Ina rehuhia e koe te hinu kakara ki tō tinana, he nui te kukū o te hinu kakara. Nā tēnei rerekētanga o te kukū, ka neke ngā ngota hinu kakara mai i te wāhi kukū nui ki te wāhi kukū iti. Ina tāpirihia e koe ētahi pata waituhi, tae kai rānei ki tētahi karāhe wai mārama, he nui ake te kukū o te wāhi i pania tuatahitia ai te waituhi, te tae kai rānei. Nā tēnei rerekētanga o te kukū, ka horapa ngā ngota waituhi, tae kai rānei puta noa i te wāhi kukū iti. Ka mutu te tukanga horapa ina ōrite te kukū o ngā ngota waituhi i ngā wāhi katoa o te wai.
Ariā Horoho me te Ariā Kinetic
He mea nui kia mōhiotia ka taea te whakamārama i te tukanga horapa mā te whakamahi i te ariā nekeneke. E kī ana te ariā nekeneke he mea tito ia matū i ngā ngota, ā, kei roto ēnei ngota i te nekehanga matapōkere tonu. Hei mārama ki tēnei, tirohia te ahua i raro nei. Kua kī tonu te ipu katoa i te wai. Nā te mea kua maturuturu te waituhi ki roto, he nui ake te kukū o te wai i te mata o te ipu i te wai i raro.
C1 ko te wāhanga o te rango, ko te wāhanga rānei o te wai he nui te kukū, ko C ia2 ko te wāhanga o te rango, ko te wāhanga rānei o te wai he iti te kukū. Hei whakahaere i te tātaritanga, ka tirohia noa e mātou te nekehanga o ngā ngota waituhi i waenganui o te rango.
He nui ake te maha o ngā ngota waituhi i C1 (he kukū teitei) i ngā ngota waituhi i C2 ( he kukū iti). Nā te mea kei te neke haere tonu ngā ngota waituhi i te matapōkere, he nui ake te tūponotanga o ngā ngota waituhi i C1 ki te neke ki waenganui o te rango ( Δx ). I tetahi atu taha, he iti rawa te maha o ngā ngota waituhi i C2, nō reira he iti rawa te tūponotanga o te neke ki waenganui o te rango ( Δx ).
Te Tere Horapa
Nō reira, ka rere katoa ngā ngota waituhi mai i C1 ki C2 . E ai ki ngā rangahau a tētahi tohunga tinana ko Adolf Fick (1829-1901), i kitea ko te tere o te horapa he rite tonu ki te rerekētanga o te kukū (C2 - C1 ) . Ko te nui ake o te rerekētanga o te kukū, ko te nui ake o te tere o te rere o ngā ngota o te matū. I tetahi atu taha, ko te iti ake o te rerekētanga o te kukū, ko te iti ake o te tere o te rere o ngā ngota o te matū. Tērā pea e rite ana tēnei ki tā tātou whakaaro ko te rerekētanga o te kukū ka pā ki te tere o te rere o ngā ngota. Haunga te neke mai i tētahi wāhi ki tētahi wāhi mā te horapa, ka taea hoki e ngā ngota o ngā matū (ina koa ko ngā hau) te neke mai i tētahi wāhi ki tētahi atu mā te hau.
Te Whakamahinga o te Horapa i roto i te oranga o ia rā
Ki te kore te horapa, e kore e taea e tō hoa aroha te pārekareka ki te kakara o tō hinu kakara. Ki te kore te horapa, e kore e taea e te kakara reka, reka hoki o te tunu kai a tō whaea i te kīhini te whakakore i tō moemoeā, me te hiahia kia tere te whakaoti i te kai whai kiko i runga i te tēpu kai. 😉 He mea nui anō hoki te horapa ki te oranga o te tangata, o te kararehe, o te tipu, me ērā atu.
Ko te tikanga, me whakamahi ngā tipu i te hauhā waro (CO2 ) mō te whakaahua-whakaahua. Nā te rerekētanga o te kukū o te CO2 i waenga i te roto o te rau me te hau o waho, ka horapa ngā ngota CO2 ki roto i te rau mā roto i ngā stomata. I tetahi atu taha, ka horapa te mamaoa wai me te hāora ki waho. Haunga ngā tipu, ka taea hoki e ngā ngeru, ngā kiore, me ētahi atu, te mate manawa mēnā kāore he horapa. Ahakoa e hiahia ana ngā tipu ki te CO2 mō te whakaahua-whakaahua, e hiahia ana ngā ngeru, ngā kiore, me ētahi atu, ki te hāora mō ia tauhohenga whakaputa pūngao. Hei tae atu ki ngā pūtau, ka neke ngā ngota hāora mā te horapa.
