Taitara: Te Mārama ki te Wāhanga Megalopolis: Ngā Ariā me ngā Tauira o ngā Pātai Kōrero
Pengantar
Ahakoa te āhua tauhou o te ariā o tētahi megalopolis ki ētahi, he kupu nui tēnei i roto i ngā rangahau tāone me te whenua, e whakaahua ana i te āhuatanga o te noho tāone nui. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga ngā wāhanga o tētahi megalopolis me tōna hiranga, ā, ka whakaratohia hoki ētahi tauira raruraru hei āwhina i a koe ki te mārama ake ki tēnei ariā.
Te Whakamāramatanga o Megalopolis
I whakaurua tuatahitia te kupu "megalopolis" e te tohunga whenua a Jean Gottmann i te tau 1961 hei whakaahua i tētahi tāone nui i te takutai raki-mā-rāwhiti o te Hononga o Amerika e toro atu ana i Boston ki Washington D.C. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te megalopolis e pā ana ki tētahi kohinga o ngā tāone nui me ngā tāone iti e tata ana tetahi ki tetahi, ā, he hononga ōhanga me te pāpori hoki.
Ko ngā wāhi nunui e tohuhia ana e te whatunga hanganga kua whanakehia, ngā pokapū ōhanga e tupu nui ana, me ngā taupori kikī. Kāore i te herea ngā wāhi nunui ki te Hononga o Amerika anake; ka kitea hoki i ngā wāhi rerekē o te ao, pērā i te Tokaido i Hapani, te Blue Banana i Ūropi, me ngā tāone nui o te awa o Yangtze i Haina.
Ngā Wāhanga o te Whanaketanga o te Megalopolis
Ehara te Megalopolis i te āhuatanga i puta ohorere mai, engari he whanaketanga o te tipu o te tāone i haere i roto i ētahi wāhanga:
1. Wāhanga Tāone: Ka tīmata te whanaketanga o ngā taone nui i te tāone nui, arā, te wā ka tīmata te neke o te taupori mai i ngā tāone tuawhenua ki ngā tāone nui ki te rapu i ngā whai wāhitanga ōhanga pai ake.
2. Wāhanga Noho Tāone: I tēnei wā, ka tīmata te horapa o te taupori mai i te pokapū o te tāone ki ngā tāone iti, e whakarato ana i tētahi taiao noho pai ake, utu pai ake hoki.
3. Wāhanga Tāone: I te wāhanga tāone, he nui te tipu o ngā rohe tāone, ā, ka honoa ngā rohe tāone maha ki roto i te tāone nui kotahi, kāore he rohe tāone mārama.
4. Wāhanga o te Ao Nui: Ina whanake ētahi tāone tata, ā, ka hono pai, ka hangaia he ao nui. I tēnei wā, kua whakauruhia te pūnaha kawe waka, te ōhanga, me te pāpori ki te rohe.
Te Hiranga o Megalopolis
He nui ngā pānga o ngā wāhi nunui ki te taha ōhanga, ki te taha pāpori, me te taha taiao. I te taha ōhanga, ka noho ēnei wāhi hei pokapū auaha, pakihi, me te ahumahi nā te mea he ngāwari te uru atu me ngā hanganga tautoko. I te taha pāpori, he kanorau te ahurea me te momo noho o ngā wāhi nunui, engari he wero anō hoki e pā ana ki te kore taurite o te hapori me te kore o ngā hanganga tautoko pēnei i te whare me ngā ratonga taketake.
I tētahi atu taha, he nui ngā wero taiao a ngā tāone nui, tae atu ki te parahanga, te raruraru wai, me te whakakino whenua. Nō reira, ko te whakamahere me te whakahaere pumau te mea nui ki te pupuri i te taurite i waenga i te tipu o te tāone me te pumau o te taiao.
Tauira Pātai Kōrero
Anei ētahi tauira pātai hei whakamahi hei mārama ake i te ariā o te atamira megalopolis:
1. Pātai 1: Te Noho Tāone me te Noho Tāone iti
– Whakamāramahia me pēhea te ārahi a ngā āhuatanga o te noho tāone nui me te noho tāone iti ki te hanganga o tētahi taone nui. Tāpirihia ngā tauira tūturu e whakaatu ana i tēnei tukanga.
Kōrero:
Ko te whakatāonetanga te tukanga e piki ake ai te taupori i roto i ngā pokapū tāone nui nā te pai ake o ngā whai wāhitanga ōhanga, ko te whakatāonetanga ia ko te nekehanga o ngā taupori mai i ngā pokapū tāone nui ki ngā tāone iti ki te rapu i tētahi oranga pai ake. Ka whai wāhi ngā tukanga e rua ki te whānui me te whakauru o ngā rohe tāone nui, ā, ka mutu, ka hangaia he tāone nui. Ko tētahi tauira pai ko te tipu o ngā rohe tāone nui mai i Washington, D.C., ki Boston, e tohuhia ana e ngā whatunga kawe waka kua pai ake me te whanaketanga ōhanga ā-rohe kua whakauruhia.
2. Pātai 2: Ngā Wero o te Whakahaere i ngā Megalopolis
– Matapakihia ngā wero nui e pā ana ki ngā kaiwhakamahere tāone i roto i te whakahaere i ngā rohe taone nui, me te whakaaro i ngā rautaki ka taea te whakatinana hei whakakore i tētahi o ēnei wero.
Kōrero:
Ko ngā wero matua ko te pūngao o ngā waka, te parahanga o te hau me te wai, te whakahaere para, me ngā rerekētanga ā-pāpori. Hei tauira, hei whakatika i te pūngao, ko ngā rautaki ko te whakawhanake i ngā waka a te iwi whai hua pērā i te tereina tere me ngā huarahi pahi, me te whakatinana i ngā kaupapa here e aukati ana i te whakamahinga o ngā waka tūmataiti.
3. Pātai 3: Te Oranga Tonutanga o Megalopolis
– Te tātari i te whakamahinga o te ariā o te whanaketanga tauwhiro i roto i te whakahaeretanga o ngā taone nui hei whakarite i te taurite i waenga i te tipu ōhanga me te tiaki taiao.
Kōrero:
Ka taea te whakatinana i te whanaketanga tauwhiro i roto i te horopaki o ngā tāone nui mā roto i ngā kaupapa here whakamahinga whenua whai hua, te whakahoutanga o ngā tāone hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te pūngao, ngā kaupapa whakakaiao o ngā tāone, me te whakatairanga i te kawe waka a te iwi e pai ana ki te taiao. Ka taea hoki te whakauru i ngā auahatanga pēnei i ngā tāone atamai me te hangarau matomato hei whakaiti i ngā pānga ki te taiao, me te tautoko anō hoki i te tipu ōhanga.
Whakamutunga
He āhuatanga matatini o te tāone nui ngā tāone nui, me ō rātou ake whai wāhitanga me ngā wero ahurei. Mā te mārama hohonu ake ki ngā wāhanga whanaketanga o ngā tāone nui, me ngā tauira pātai matapaki, e tumanakohia ana kia whakamahia e ngā kaipānui ēnei ariā ki te tātari tāone me te whakamahere mō tētahi heke mai pumau ake.
