Ngā Tauira Pātai e Matapaki ana i te Hanganga o te Tinana mō te Whakawhiti me te Kawe i ngā Matū
I roto i te koiora, he tukanga nui te whakawhiti me te kawe matū e puta ana i roto i ngā mea ora katoa. Kua hangaia ngā hanganga tinana o ngā mea ora hei whakahaere i tēnei tukanga kia whai hua. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka matapakihia e mātou ētahi tauira raruraru e pā ana ki ngā hanganga tinana mō te whakawhiti me te kawe matū, me te matapaki hoki i ngā whakautu ki ēnei raruraru. Ka āwhina hoki tēnei tuhinga ki te whakahōhonu ake i tō māramatanga ki tēnei ariā nui i roto i te koiora.
Te Hanganga o te Tinana me tana Mahi i roto i te Whakawhiti me te Kawe i ngā Matū
I mua i te matapaki i ngā pātai, he mea nui kia mārama ki ngā kaupapa matua o te tautoko a te hanganga tinana o ngā mea ora i te whakawhiti me te kawe i ngā matū:
1. Ngā Pūtau me ngā Kirihou Pūtau: Ko te mahi a te kirihou pūtau hei kaitiaki tatau e āhei ai ētahi matū ki te tomo me te puta i te pūtau. Mā te urunga whiriwhiri o tēnei kirihou ka taea te kawe i ngā matū pēnei i te hāora, te hauhā waro, te wai, me ngā katote mā roto i ngā tukanga horapa me te osmosis.
2. Ngā kiko toto i roto i ngā tipu: I roto i ngā tipu, ko ngā kiko xylem me te phloem te kawenga mō te kawe i te wai, ngā kohuke, me ngā matūkai. Ka kawe te xylem i te wai me ngā kohuke mai i ngā pakiaka ki ngā rau, ko te phloem ia ka tohatoha i ngā hua o te photosynthesis puta noa i te tipu.
3. Te Pūnaha Ngākau me te Manawa o ngā Kararehe: I roto i ngā kararehe, ko te pūnaha tohanga toto e whai ake nei ko te ngākau me ngā uaua toto e mahi ana ki te tohanga i te hāora, ngā matūkai, me ngā para pākia puta noa i te tinana.
4. Mata Manawa: Ko ngā hanganga mata nui pēnei i ngā alveoli i roto i ngā pukahukahu, ngā pihanga ika, me ngā stomata i roto i ngā rau te wāhi e puta ai te whakawhiti hau.
Ngā Pātai Tauira me te Kōrero
Anei ētahi tauira o ngā pātai mō ngā hanganga tinana e tautoko ana i te whakawhiti me te kawe i ngā matū me ā rātou kōrero:
Pātai 1: Whakamāramahia te mahi a te kiriuhi toto i roto i te kawe kaha me te kawe kore mahi.
Kōrero:
He mea nui te mahi a te kiriuhi toto i roto i te kawe i ngā matū mā roto i ngā tikanga matua e rua: te kawe kore mahi me te kawe hohe.
– Te Kawenga Āhuakore: Ko te nekehanga o ngā matū puta noa i te kiriuhi me te kore e hiahiatia he pūngao. Ka whakawhirinaki tēnei tukanga ki te pikinga kukū o te matū, pērā i te horapa ngāwari (hei tauira, te hāora me te hauhā waro) me te horapa ngāwari mā roto i ngā pūmua hongere, ngā pūmua kawe rānei (hei tauira, te hukahuka mā roto i ngā pūmua kawe).
– Te Kawe Kaha: Koinei te kawe i ngā matū ki te rerekētanga kukū, ā, me whakamahi te pūngao i roto i te ahua o te ATP. Hei tauira, ko te papu konutai-pāhare pākawa, e neke ana i ngā iona Na+ ki waho o te pūtau me ngā iona K+ ki roto i te pūtau hei pupuri i te rerekētanga hikohiko me te osmolarity o te pūtau.
Pātai 2: He aha te mahi a te kiko xylem me te kiko phloem i roto i te kawe i ngā matū i roto i ngā tipu?
Kōrero:
Ko ngā kiko xylem me te phloem e rua ngā momo kiko oko toto e mahi ana i roto i te kawe i ngā matū i roto i ngā tipu oko toto.
– Xylem: He mahi hei kawe i te wai me ngā kohuke mai i ngā pakiaka ki ngā wāhanga katoa o te tipu. Ka puta tēnei tukanga mā roto i ngā tikanga o te whakapūngao me te piripono-tauhohenga, arā, ka neke ake te wai mā roto i ngā pūtau xylem nā te ngaronga o te mamaoa wai mā roto i ngā stomata rau.
– Phloem: Ko āna mahi he kawe i ngā hua o te photosynthesis, inā koa te sucrose, mai i ngā rau ki ētahi atu wāhanga o te tipu, tae atu ki ngā pakiaka me ngā hua. E mōhiotia ana tēnei tukanga ko te kawe mai i te pūtake ki te ahurea, arā, ko te uta i te phloem ki roto i ngā rau (pūtake) me te tango i te phloem i te wāhi mimiti (ahurea).
Pātai 3: Me pēhea te hanga o ngā alveoli i roto i ngā pukahukahu o ngā kararehe hei whakanui ake i te whakawhiti hau?
Kōrero:
He pēke hau ririki ngā alveoli i roto i ngā pukahukahu, ā, he mahi nui tā rātou ki te whakawhiti hau. He maha ngā huarahi e tautokona ai e te hoahoa o ngā alveoli tā rātou mahi:
– Horahanga Mata: He maha ngā alveoli, ā, he nui te horahanga mata e pā ana ki te rahinga o te tinana, e whakanui ana i te horahanga o te hau.
– Ngā Pakitara Angiangi: He tino angiangi te kiriuhi alveolar (kotahi pūtau anake te matotoru), e āhei ai te tohatoha pai o te hāora me te hauhā waro.
– Whatunga Ārai Mate Kikī: Kei ia alveolus he whatunga ārai mate kikī, e whakarite ana kia tata mai te toto kāore i te nui te hāora, ā, kia tere te horapa me te kawe i te hāora ki ngā wāhanga rerekē o te tinana.
– Paparanga Wai: Kua whakakikoruatia te kiriuhi alveolar ki tētahi wai e āwhina ana ki te whakarewa i ngā hau, e whakahaere ana i te horapa o te hāora mai i te hau ki roto i te toto.
Pātai 4: He pēhea te mahi a te tikanga kawe i roto i te pūnaha tohanga toto tuwhera i roto i ngā angaanga?
Kōrero:
He pūnaha tohanga toto tuwhera kei roto i te maha o ngā angaanga, pērā i ngā pepeke me ngā pāpaka. I roto i tēnei pūnaha, ka rere noa te toto (e kiia nei ko te hemolymph) i roto i te kōhao tinana, ā, kāore e herea ki ngā uaua toto. Ko te tikanga kawe ko:
– Ngākau Poka: Ka pupuhi i te hemolymph ki roto i te kōhao tinana, ki ngā sinus rānei, ka whakaranu tika ki te wai pūtau.
– Te Horapa i roto i te Hemolymph: Ka horapa ngā matūkai, ngā hau, me ngā hua para i waenga i ngā pūtau tinana me te hemolymph. Ki te kore he uaua toto, he tika ake te whakawhitiwhitinga, ahakoa he iti ake te whai hua, i tērā i roto i tētahi pūnaha kati.
– Te Nekehanga o te Tinana: Mā te nekehanga o te mea hanga ka āwhina i te rere o te toto i roto i te toto, ka whakanui ake i te whakawhiti matū puta noa i te tinana.
Te Katinga
He mea nui i roto i te koiora te mārama ki te hanganga o te tinana me ngā tikanga ā-tinana e tautoko ana i te whakawhiti me te kawe i ngā matū. Mai i ngā pūnaha tohanga toto o ngā kararehe ki ngā kiko toto o ngā tipu, he rerekē ngā urutaunga o ia rauropi e āhei ai ia ki te mahi pai i roto i tōna taiao. Ko te tumanako, mā tēnei matapakinga o ngā tauira raruraru ka āwhina i a koe ki te whakahōhonu ake i tō māramatanga ki tēnei kaupapa nui.
