Tauira o ngā Pātai Kōrero mō ngā Pūnaha Hiko
He mea nui te mahi a ngā pūnaha hiko i roto i ngā momo rāngai o te ao hou, mai i ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me ngā ahumahi ki te rongoā. He mea nui te māramatanga hōhonu ki ngā ariā me ngā whakamahinga taketake o ngā pūnaha hiko mō ngā ākonga me ngā kaimahi e hiahia ana ki te whakawhanake i te tohungatanga i roto i tēnei mara. Ka whakaatuhia e tēnei tuhinga ētahi tauira raruraru me ngā kōrero mō ngā pūnaha hiko, e tumanakohia ana ka whakarato i te māramatanga me te āwhina i te tukanga ako.
1. Tauira Raru: Ara Tātari Paheke-Iti RC
Pātai:
Ka hoatu ki a koe tētahi ara iahiko tātari pā-iti RC, ko te ātete (R) he 1kΩ, ā, ko te kaha (C) he 100nF. Tātaihia te auau tapahi o te tātari.
Kōrero:
Ka taea te tatau i te auau tapahi (f_c) o te tātari pā-iti RC mā te whakamahi i te tātai:
\[ f_c = \frac{1}{2 \pi RC} \]
Mā te huri i te uara capacitance mai i te nanoFarad ki te Farad:
\[ C = 100nF = 100 \times 10^{-9} F \]
Inaianei, ka whakakapia ngā uara o R me C ki roto i te tātai:
\[ f_c = \frac{1}{2 \pi (1 \times 10^3)(100 \times 10^{-9})} \]
\[ f_c = \frac{1}{2 \pi \times 10^{-4}} \]
\[ f_c \approx \frac{1}{6.28 \times 10^{-4}} \]
\[ f_c \tata ki te 1591.55 Hz \]
Nō reira, ko te auau tapahi o tēnei tātari he tata ki te 1591.55 Hz.
2. Tauira Pātai: Te Whakanui i ngā Whakakaha Whakahaere (Op-Amp)
Pātai:
Mēnā kei te whakamahi koe i tētahi whakakaha whakahaere kore-hurihuri me ngā uara R1 = 1kΩ me R2 = 10kΩ, tatauhia te whakanui o te ara iahiko.
Kōrero:
Ka tatauhia te whakanui mō te whakakaha whakahaere kore-whakahurihuri e te tātai:
\[ Whiwhinga(A) = 1 + \frac{R2}{R1} \]
Me ngā uara kua hoatu o R1 me R2:
\[ A = 1 + \frac{10k\Omega}{1k\Omega} \]
\[ A = 1 + 10 \]
\[ A = 11 \]
Mai i ngā hua o runga ake nei, ko te whakanui o tēnei whakakaha whakahaere kore-hurihuri he 11 ngā whakarea.
3. Tauira Pātai: Pūnaha Mamati me te Rīta Tohu
Pātai:
Ka puta te tauira waehere rua 01101 i tētahi tohu matihiko waewae-rima. Tātaihia te uara ira e rite ana ki te tauira waehere rua.
Kōrero:
Hei huri i te waehere rua ki te ira tekau, ka taea e tātou te whakamahi i te tikanga whakarea mā te mana o te rua. Ka whakareatia ia mati rua ki te 2, ka hiki ake ki te mana e rite ana ki tōna tūranga mai i te matau ki te maui, ka tīmata i te mana o te 0.
Ka taea te tatau i te tauira rua 01101 penei:
\[ 0 \times 2^4 + 1 \times 2^3 + 1 \times 2^2 + 0 \times 2^1 + 1 \times 2^0 \]
Kia riro:
\[ 0 \ngā 16 + 1 \ngā 8 + 1 \ngā 4 + 0 \ngā 2 + 1 \ngā 1 \]
\[ = 0 + 8 + 4 + 0 + 1 \]
\[ = 13 \]
Nō reira, ko te uara ira o te tauira rua 01101 ko te 13.
4. Tauira Pātai: Ara Whakarerekē Ngaru Katoa
Pātai:
Mā te whakamahi i tētahi whakawhiti hiko-iho e whakaiti ana i te ngaohiko mai i te 240V AC ki te 24V AC, e hono ana ki tētahi whakatikatika ngaru-katoa, tatauhia te ngaohiko DC ka puta mai mēnā he pai te diode (me te kore he hekenga ngaohiko).
Kōrero:
Ka hurihia e te whakatikatika ngaru-katoa te iahiko AC ki te DC mā te whakatikatika i te huringa AC katoa. Ka taea te whakatau i te ngaohiko DC i whakaputaina e te whakatikatika ngaru-katoa mā te tatau i te ngaohiko toharite o te ngaru kua whakatikatikaina.
Mō te diode tino pai me te ngaohiko RMS i te tāuru (te whakawhiti putanga), ko te ngaohiko DC putanga o te whakatikatika ngaru-katoa kua whakahāngaihia ko:
\[ V_{DC} \approx \frac{2V_{RMS}}{\pi} \]
I konei, ko te ngaohiko RMS he 24V.
\[ V_{DC} \approx \frac{2 \times 24}{3.14} \]
\[ V_{DC} \approx \frac{48}{3.14} \]
\[ V_{DC} \tata ki te 15.29V \]
Nō reira, ko te ngaohiko DC ka puta ko te 15.29V pea.
5. Tauira Pātai: Te Huinga Whakarara o te Ara Iahiko LC
Pātai:
Tātaihia te auau whakapūngao \( f_r \) o tētahi ara iahiko whakapūngao LC e titoa ana e tētahi inductor L = 10mH me tētahi capacitor C = 10µF.
Kōrero:
Ka tatauhia te auau orooro (\( f_r \)) o tētahi ara iahiko LC whakarara e te tātai:
\[ f_r = \frac{1}{2 \pi \sqrt{LC}} \]
Mā te huri i ngā uara o L me C ki ngā waeine Henry me Farad:
\[ L = 10mH = 10 \times 10^{-3}H \]
\[ C = 10µF = 10 \times 10^{-6}F \]
Whakakapia a L me C ki te tātai:
\[ f_r = \frac{1}{2 \pi \sqrt{(10 \times 10^{-3})(10 \times 10^{-6})}} \]
\[ f_r = \frac{1}{2 \pi \sqrt{10 \times 10^{-9}}} \]
\[ f_r = \frac{1}{2 \pi \sqrt{10^{-8}}} \]
\[ f_r = \frac{1}{2 \pi \times 10^{-4}} \]
\[ f_r = \frac{10^4}{2 \pi} \]
\[ f_r \approx \frac{10^4}{6.28} \]
\[ f_r \tata ki te 1591.55 Hz \]
Nō reira, ko te auau haruru o tēnei ara iahiko LC he tata ki te 1591.55 Hz.
Whakamutunga
Mai i te matapakinga o ngā tauira raruraru i runga ake nei, kua kite tātou me pēhea te whakamahi i ngā mātāpono hikohiko taketake hei āwhina i a tātou ki te mārama me te whakaoti rapanga noa e pā ana ki te ao. He mea nui te mārama ki ngā ariā me te mahi tonu kia mōhio ai ki ngā pūnaha hikohiko. Ko te tumanako ka āwhina tēnei tuhinga i ngā kaipānui ki te mārama ake ki te tatau i ngā wāhanga me ngā āhuatanga taketake o ngā pūnaha hikohiko, kia taea ai e rātou te whakamahi i aua mea i roto i ā rātou akoranga me te wāhi mahi.
