Ngā Tauira Pātai mō te Whakaputa Uri i roto i ngā Tipu
He kaupapa nui te whakaputa uri o ngā tipu i roto i te koiora, e ako ana i te āhua o te whakaputa uri me te pupuri i te oranga tonutanga o ō rātou momo. Ka taea te whakaputa uri o ngā tipu mā te ira tangata me te ira kore. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka tūhuratia e mātou ngā tikanga whakaputa uri e rua, me te whakarato tauira me ngā otinga hei whakahōhonu ake i tō māramatanga ki te kaupapa. Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga ngā āhuatanga maha o te whakaputa uri o ngā tipu, tae atu ki te whakapūpū, te whakamomona, me te tohatoha purapura, me ngā tikanga whakaputa uri kore ira tangata.
Te Whakaputa Uri Ira Tangata i roto i ngā Tipu
Ko te whakaputa uri ā-ira i roto i ngā tipu ko te hanumitanga o ngā pūtau tāne me ngā pūtau uwha hei hanga i tētahi zygote. Ko te tikanga ka puta tēnei tukanga i roto i ngā putiputi o ngā tipu puāwai. Ko ngā wāhanga matua o te whakaputa uri ā-ira e whai ake nei:
1. Te Whakapūpū: Ko te tukanga whakawhiti hae mai i te anther (te whekau uri tāne) ki te stigma (te whekau uri wahine). Ka taea te whakapūpū mā te hau, te wai, ngā kararehe, te tangata rānei.
2. Te Whakatōtō: Whai muri i te whakatōtō, ka neke te pata hae mā roto i te ngongo hae ki te ovary. Kia tae ki te ovary, ka whakatōtō te pata hae i te hua manu, ka hanga he zygote.
3. Te Whanaketanga o te Kākano me te Hua: Ka whanake te zygote hei kukune e tiakina ana i roto i te kākano. Ka whanake te ovary hei hua hei tiaki i te kākano.
Te Whakaputa Uri Irakore i roto i ngā Tipu
Kāore te whakaputa uri ā-ira e uru ki te hanumitanga o ngā pūtau ira, nō reira he ōrite te ira o ngā uri ki ō rātou mātua. Anei ētahi tikanga whakaputa uri ā-ira:
1. Te Whakatōtō: Ka puta he tōtō ka horapa puta noa i te mata o te oneone, ka hanga he tipu hou ki ngā pito.
2. Rīhima: He kākano kei raro i te whenua e whakaputa ana i ngā wana hou, pērā i ngā tipu kanekane.
3. Ngā kōpura: Te pupuhi o ngā kākano, o ngā pakiaka rānei, ka taea te whakatupu i ngā wana hou, pērā i te rīwai.
4. Wehewehenga: Koinei te wehenga o ngā tāngata hou mai i te wāhanga tinana matua, pērā i te repo.
Ngā Pātai Tauira me te Kōrero
Hei mārama ake ki te whakaputa uri i roto i ngā tipu, anei ētahi tauira pātai me ā rātou matapakinga:
Pātai 1
Pātai: Whakamāramahia te tukanga whakapūpū e puta ana i roto i ngā tipu angiosperm.
Kōrero:
Ka tīmata te whakapūpū i roto i ngā angiosperm (ngā tipu puāwai) ina tau ngā pata hae o te anther ki runga i te stigma. Ka taea te whakapūpū mā roto i ngā momo huarahi, pērā i te hau (anemophily), ngā pepeke (entomophily), te wai rānei (hydrophily). Kia piri ngā pata hae ki te stigma, ka mimiti i ngā matūkai me te wai, ka tupu te ngongo hae. Kātahi ka toro atu tēnei ngongo ki te ovary, te wāhi e haere ai te pūtake hae ki te ovule ka whakamomona i te hua manu. Mā tēnei whakamomona ka puta he zygote ka whanake hei kukune i roto i te purapura.
Pātai 2
Pātai: Whakahuatia, whakamāramahia hoki ngā momo whakaputa uri kore-ira e rua e kitea nuitia ana i roto i ngā tipu.
Kōrero:
1. Te Whakatōtō: He tikanga whakaputa uri kore-ira e whakaputa ai ngā tipu i ngā stolon, arā, ngā oma, e horapa ana ki runga ake i te mata o te oneone. Ka taea e ngā stolon te hanga wana hou i ngā pona (ngā pona) e taunekeneke ana ki te oneone, e whakawhanake ana i ngā pakiaka, ā, e hanga ana i ngā tipu hou he rite tonu te ira ki te matua. Ko tētahi tauira o te tipu e whakaputa uri ana mā te whakatōtō ko te rōpere.
2. Rīhima: Ko ngā rīhima he kakau taha e tupu ana i raro i te whenua. Ko ngā tipu pēnei i te kanekane me te pāma e whakamahi ana i ngā rīhima hei tikanga whakaputa uri. Ka puta hoki i ngā rīhima ngā wana i ngā pona, ka tupu ake hei tangata hou. He rite ki te whakatōtō, ko ngā uri ka puta he rite tonu te ira ki te matua.
Pātai 3
Pātai: He aha te rerekētanga matua i waenga i te whakaputa uri ā-ira me te whakaputa uri kore-ira i roto i ngā tipu?
Kōrero:
Ko te rerekētanga matua i waenga i te whakaputa uri ā-ira me te whakaputa uri kore-ira i roto i ngā tipu kei roto i te hononga o ngā gamete. I roto i te whakaputa uri ā-ira, ka honoa ngā rauemi ira o ngā rauropi e rua mā te hononga o ngā gamete tāne me ngā gamete uwha, ka hua ake he uri me te rerekētanga ira. Ka puta tēnei tukanga mā te whakatō, ā, ko te tikanga he putiputi hei okana whakaputa uri.
I tētahi atu taha, kāore te whakaputa uri ā-ira e uru ki te hanumitanga o ngā pūtau ira, nō reira he tāruarua te rauropi hou o tōna matua. Mā tēnei tikanga ka taea e ngā tipu te whakaputa uri ōrite ira tere ake, me te kore e hiahiatia he hoa, he mea pai tēnei i roto i ngā āhuatanga taiao pumau, pumau hoki.
Pātai 4
Pātai: He aha te mahi a ngā hua i roto i te whakaputa uri o ngā tipu?
Kōrero:
He mea nui te mahi a ngā hua ki te whakaputa uri o ngā tipu mā te tiaki i ngā purapura i te wā e whanake ana, me te āwhina i te horapa o aua purapura. I muri i te whakatōtōtanga, ka whanake te ovary hei hua kei roto ngā purapura. Ka tiaki ngā hua i ngā purapura mai i ngā kino ā-tinana me ngā kaipahua, ā, ka whakarato hoki i te wāhi hei horapa i ngā purapura i muri i te pakeketanga. Ka taea e ngā hua te horapa i ngā purapura mā roto i ngā momo huarahi, pērā i te hau, te wai, ngā kararehe rānei, kia marara ai ngā purapura i tawhiti atu i te tipu matua, ā, ka taea te whakatū ki ngā wāhi hou hei tautoko i te tipu tonu.
Whakamutunga
He tukanga nui te whakaputa uri i roto i ngā tipu hei whakarite i te oranga me te horapa o ngā momo. He mea nui te mārama ki ngā ariā me ngā whakamahinga taketake o te whakaputa uri ā-ira me te whakaputa uri kore-ira mō ngā ākonga koiora me ngā kairangahau. E whakamārama ana tēnei tuhinga i ngā tikanga whakaputa uri tipu, me ngā tauira me ngā kōrero, e tumanako ana mātou ka whakarei ake i tō mōhiotanga me tō māramatanga ki tēnei kaupapa nui. Mā te ako hohonu ake, ka taea e tātou te whakanui ake i te maioha ki te kanorau koiora me ngā tikanga e whakamahia ana e ngā tipu hei oranga me te tupu.
