Taitara: Tauira o ngā Pātai Kōrero mō te Whakatau i te Ira Tangata
He kaupapa whakamere te whakatau ira tangata i roto i ngā mea ora i roto i te koiora me te ira. Ehara i te mea he mea nui te mārama ki tēnei tikanga i roto i ngā horopaki mātauranga anake, engari he tono anō hoki ki te ahuwhenua, te whakatipu kararehe, tae noa ki te rongoā. Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga ētahi ariā taketake e pā ana ki te whakatau ira tangata, ā, ka whakaratohia he tauira raruraru me ngā kōrero hei whakapakari i te māramatanga.
Ngā Ariā Taketake o te Whakatau Ira Tangata
Ko te ira tangata me te maha atu o ngā rauropi ka whakatauhia e te pūnaha ira tangata. I roto i te tangata, ko te pūnaha whakatau ira tangata rongonui ko te pūnaha XY. I roto i ngā kupu poto, ko ngā tāngata whai takirua ira tangata XX ka whanake hei wahine, ko ngā tāngata whai ira tangata XY ka whanake hei tāne. Ko ngā ira tangata X me Y ka kiia ko ngā ira tangata ira tangata, ko ngā gonosome rānei.
Tērā pea he rerekē te tukanga whakatau ira tangata i roto i ētahi atu momo, hei tauira, ko te pūnaha ZW e kitea ana i roto i ngā manu, ina he ira ZZ ngā ira o ngā tāne, ā, he ira ZW ngā ira o ngā uwha.
Kei reira anō ngā rauropi e whakamahi ana i te whakatau ira tangata ā-taiao, pērā i te pāmahana whakatipu hua manu hei awe i te ira tangata o ngā uri o ētahi ngārara.
Ngā Pātai Tauira me te Kōrero
Kei raro nei ētahi tauira o ngā pātai hei āwhina i a tātou ki te mārama ake ki te whakatau i te ira tangata.
1. Pātai 1: Pūnaha Whakatau Ira Tangata
– Pātai: I roto i te pūnaha whakatau ira tangata, he aha te mea e whakatau ana mēnā ka tipu ake te tangata hei tāne, hei wahine rānei?
– Kōrero: I roto i te tangata, ka whakatauhia te whakatau ira tangata e te huinga o ngā ira tangata. He ira XY tō te tāne, he ira XX tō te wahine. Kei roto i te ira Y te ira SRY (Te Rohe Whakatakoto Ira Tangata Y), e whai kawenga ana mō te tīmatanga o te whanaketanga o ngā tetere, ā, nā reira ka puta ngā āhuatanga ira tangata tuarua. Nō reira, ko ngā tāngata whai ira Y kotahi te nuinga he tāne, ā, ko te hunga kāore he ira Y he wahine, ahakoa he rerekētanga, arā, i roto i ngā take ira tangata.
2. Pātai 2: Te Āhua Taurite o te Whakatau Ira Tangata
– Pātai: Whakamāramahia te putanga mai o te mate Turner me te mate Klinefelter, ā, he aha te pānga o ia mea ki te whakatau ira tangata o te hunga kua pāngia e ēnei āhuatanga?
– Kōrero: Ka pā te mate Turner ki ngā tāngata kotahi anake te ira X (45, X0). He āhua wahine tō te hunga whai mate Turner nā te mea kāore he ira Y. Ko ngā tohu ka uru atu ki te roa poto, te kore tamariki, me ētahi atu raruraru hauora.
Ka pā te mate Klinefelter ki ngā tāngata he kotahi te iti rawa o te ira X tāpiri, ko te 47,XXY te nuinga. Ka pāngia te whanaketanga o ngā tāne e tēnei ira X tāpiri, ka puta ngā tohu pēnei i te gynecomastia, te hypogonadism, me te kore tamariki. Ahakoa he ira X tāpiri, ko te noho mai o te ira Y ka whakatau ko te āhua o te tangata he tāne.
3. Pātai 3: Pūnaha Whakatau Ira Tangata ZW i roto i ngā Manu
– Pātai: I roto i te pūnaha whakatau ira tangata ZW, he aha te rerekētanga matua i waenga i tēnei pūnaha me te pūnaha XY? Whakamāramahia mā te whakamahi i ngā manu hei tauira.
– Kōrero: He rerekē te mahi a te pūnaha whakatau ira tangata ZW i te pūnaha XY. I roto i te pūnaha ZW, he heterogametic ngā uwha (ZW), ā, he homogametic ngā tāne (ZZ). He rerekē tēnei i te tangata, he heterogametic ngā tāne (XY). I roto i ngā manu pēnei i te heihei, he ZW ngā ira tangata o ngā uwha, ā, he ZZ ngā tāne. Ka whakahohehia te whakatau ira tangata mā te noho mai o ngā ira motuhake i runga i te ira tangata Z, mā te kore rānei e whakahohehia e te ira tangata W.
4. Pātai 4: Te Whakatau i te Ira Tangata i runga i te Taiao
– Pātai: He aha te pānga o te pāmahana whakatipu ki te whakatau ira tangata o ētahi momo ngārara?
– Kōrero: I roto i ētahi momo ngārara, pērā i ngā korokotairo me ngā honu, ka taea te whakatau i te ira tangata o te uri mā te pāmahana e whakatōkia ai ngā hua. E mōhiotia ana tēnei āhuatanga ko te whakatau ira tangata taiao (ESD). Hei tauira, i roto i te maha o ngā momo honu, he nui ake ngā uwha ka puta mai i ngā pāmahana whakatōkia teitei ake, engari he nui ake ngā tāne ka puta mai i ngā pāmahana iti iho. E kī ana ngā rangahau ka pā te pāmahana ki te mahi a ngā whākōkī e whai wāhi ana ki te whanaketanga o ngā gonad.
5. Pātai 5: Te Whakatau i te Ira Tangata i roto i ngā Tipu
– Pātai: Whakamāramahia te āhua o te whakatau ira tangata i roto i ngā tipu, me te rerekētanga o tēnei pūnaha mai i ngā kararehe?
– Kōrero: He rerekē ake te whakatau ira tangata o ngā tipu i ērā o ngā kararehe. He maha ngā tipu puāwai he hermaphrodite, he pūāwai tāne, he pūāwai uwha hoki ō rātou. Heoi, he pūāwai rua ētahi tipu, arā, kei runga i ngā pūāwai rerekē ngā pūāwai tāne me ngā pūāwai uwha, pērā i te rākau kiwi.
Ka pāngia te whakatau ira tangata o ngā tipu e ngā āhuatanga ira me te taiao. Hei tauira, i roto i ētahi momo tipu, ka taea e ngā āhuatanga taumaha, ngā urutaunga taiao rānei te whakaoho i ngā huringa ira tangata. He maha ngā tipu kāore i te motuhake ngā ira tangata, ā, i ētahi wā ka uaua ake te mārama ki ā rātou pūnaha whakatau ira tangata.
Whakamutunga
He kaupapa whānui, he kaupapa uaua hoki te whakatau i te ira tangata, mai i te pūnaha ira ira e kitea ana i roto i te tangata ki ngā āhuatanga taiao e awe ana i te whakatau i te ira tangata i roto i ētahi momo. He mea nui te mārama ki ēnei tikanga, ehara i te mea mai i te tirohanga pūtaiao anake, engari mō ngā tono mahi hoki i roto i te ahuwhenua, te tiaki taiao, me te rongoā. Mā te mārama ki ēnei mātāpono taketake, ka taea e tātou te mārama ake ki te kanorau me te urutau o te ora i runga i te Ao.
