Ngā Tauira Pātai e Matapaki ana i ngā Āhuatanga me te Hononga i waenga i te Pūnaha Io me te Pūnaha Nekehanga Tangata
Ko te pūnaha io o te tangata me te pūnaha uaua me te wheua he wāhanga nui e rua o te tinana e taunekeneke ana hei whakahaere i ngā mahi o ia rā. He mahi tā te pūnaha io ki te whakahaere me te whakarite i ngā nekehanga o te tinana, ko te pūnaha uaua me te wheua ia e āhei ai te nekehanga tinana. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ētahi tauira pātai, me te matapaki hoki i te whanaungatanga i waenga i te pūnaha io me te pūnaha uaua me te wheua o te tangata.
1. Te Āhuatanga o te Whakaata o te Tūtae o te Tūtae (Turi)
Pātai:
Whakamāramahia te tukanga e puta ana i roto i te āhuatanga o te reflex patellar ina patohia e te tākuta te turi o te tūroro mā te whakamahi i te hama reflex!
Kōrero:
He tauira tino pai te whakaata o te pane o te waewae o te hononga i waenga i te pūnaha io me te pūnaha nekeneke. Ina pā te hama whakaata i raro noa i te turi, ka totoro paku te uaua o te pane o te waewae. Ka whakaoho tēnei i ngā kaiwhakaora miihini i roto i te uaua e mōhiotia ana ko ngā proprioceptors, ā, ka tukuna ngā tohu ki te taurakira mā roto i ngā neurons sensory.
Kia tae atu ki te taurakira, ka tukatukahia te tohu, ā, ka puta tonu he urupare mā roto i ngā io nekeneke, kāore he tukatuka i mua i roto i te roro (he monosynaptic reflex). Ka tukuna e ēnei io nekeneke ngā tohu ki te uaua quadriceps femoris i mua o te huha, ka whakawhāiti, ka neke whakamua te waewae. Ka puta tēnei tukanga i roto i te wā poto rawa, ā, e whakaata ana i te kaha o te pūnaha io ki te whakarite i te nekehanga me te kore e whai wāhi nui.
2. Ngā Pānga o te Kino o te Io Pūkaha
Pātai:
He aha te mea ka tupu mēnā ka pakaru ngā io nekeneke e whakahaere ana i te nekehanga o te ringa, ā, he aha te pānga o tēnei ki te pūnaha nekeneke?
Kōrero:
Ko ngā io nekeneke te kawenga mō te tuku tohu mai i te pūnaha io matua ki ngā uaua. Mēnā ka pakaru ngā io nekeneke e whakahaere ana i te nekehanga o te ringa, ka motuhia te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i te pūnaha io me ngā uaua. Nō reira, kāore ngā uaua o te ringa e whiwhi i ngā tohutohu e hiahiatia ana hei neke, ā, ka hua ake he ngoikore, he pararutiki, he ngoikore rānei te mana nekeneke i te wāhi e pāngia ana.
Ka taea te kino o ngā io nekeneke e ngā āhuatanga maha, tae atu ki te whara tinana, ngā mate pirau pērā i te amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), ngā mate pāwera, me ngā mate pūnaha ārai mate. Ko te ngaronga o te mahi nekeneke e whakaata ana i te hiranga o te pono o te pūnaha io mō ngā pūkenga nekeneke whai hua.
3. Te Whai Wāhitanga o te Pūnaha Io ki te Nekehanga Ataahua
Pātai:
Me pēhea te whakapai ake a te pūnaha io i te whakahaere o ngā nekenekehanga pai, hei tauira i te wā e tuhituhi ana, e hiki ana rānei i ngā mea iti?
Kōrero:
Ko te mana whakahaere nekeneke pai ko te kaha ki te mahi i ngā mahi iti, uaua hoki e uru ana ki ngā uaua iti o te ringa me te ringaringa. Ka whakahaerehia tēnei tukanga e te pūnaha io mā te mahi tahi matatini i waenga i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te roro, tae atu ki te cortex nekeneke tuatahi, te ganglia basal, me te cerebellum.
Ko te cortex motuka matua te kawenga mō te whakamahere me te tīmata i te nekehanga. Kātahi ka āwhina ngā ganglia basal ki te whakahaere me te whakatikatika i te nekehanga kia pai ai te maeneene, ko te cerebellum ia e whakarite ana i te wā me te tika o te nekehanga. Hei tāpiri, he maha ngā wā ka uru atu ngā neuron motuka iti ki te whakatikatika i ngā nekehanga, kia tika ai, kia tika ai hoki te whakatakotoranga o ngā tohu e whiwhihia ana e ngā uaua.
Ka whakawhirinaki hoki te pūnaha io ki ngā urupare tonu mai i ngā proprioceptors i roto i ngā uaua me ngā hononga, tae atu ki ētahi atu pūnaha tairongo, hei hanga i ngā whakarerekētanga wā-tūturu ki ngā nekehanga tonu. Mā tēnei tukanga ka taea e te tangata te mahi i ngā mahi pēnei i te tuhituhi, te pātene i ngā kākahu, te here rānei i ngā whakapaipai me te tino tika.
4. Te Whakakorikori Tinana me te Urutaunga Pūnaha
Pātai:
Whakamāramahia te pānga o te whakakori tinana auau ki te urutau o te pūnaha io me te whakapai ake i ngā pūkenga nekeneke o te tangata!
Kōrero:
He wāhi nui tō te whakakori tinana auau ki te tukanga urutau io e kiia nei ko te neuroplasticity, e taea ai e te hanganga me te mahi a te pūnaha io te huri hei whakautu ki ngā wheako me ngā mahi. I roto i te horopaki o te whakakori tinana, ka āwhina te neuroplasticity i te hanganga o ngā hononga synaptic hou me te whakapakari i ngā mea o mua, e whakanui ake ai i te whai huatanga o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i ngā neuron motuka me ngā uaua.
Hei tāpiritanga, ka whakapai ake te whakakori tinana i te taunga nekehanga me te proprioception, arā, te kaha o te roro me te tinana ki te mōhio ki te tūranga o ngā whekau mā roto i ngā tohu pūoro mai i ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi proprioception. Ko ngā whakakori tinana pēnei i te oma, te kaukau, te yoga rānei he raupapa o ngā nekehanga uaua, ā, i roto i te wā, ka pai ake te pūnaha io ki te matapae me te urutau ki ngā tauira nekehanga.
Ko tētahi atu painga o te whakakori tinana ko te pikinga ake o te rere o te toto ki te roro, e āwhina ana ki te pupuri i ngā neuron hauora me te whakatipu i ngā neuron hou. Ka taea e tēnei huinga o ngā pānga te whakapai ake i ngā pūkenga nekeneke, ngā urupare urupare, me te taurite, ā, he pānga nui ēnei katoa ki te kaha nekehanga o te tangata.
5. Ngā Mate Pūnaha Io me ō rātou Pānga ki te Pūnaha Nekehanga
Pātai:
Whakaahuahia te pānga o ngā mate io-uaua ki te pūnaha musculoskeletal me te whakaatu i te hononga i waenga i te pūnaha io me te pūnaha uaua.
Kōrero:
Ko ngā mate io-uaua he āhuatanga e pā ana ki ngā uaua me te mana whakahaere tika o te pūnaha io. Kei roto i tēnei wāhanga ngā mate pēnei i te mate uaua, te myasthenia gravis, me te multiple sclerosis. Ka taea e ēnei mate te whakararu i te pūnaha musculoskeletal nā te mea ka pokanoa ki te tuku tohu io.
Hei tauira, ko te mate pukupuku uaua he whakarerekētanga ira e whakararuraru ana i te hanga pūmua uaua, ka arahi ki te ngoikore o te uaua. Nā te mea ka whakawhirinaki te pūnaha uaua ki ngā tohutohu mai i te pūnaha io, ko te hekenga haere o te uaua i roto i te mate pukupuku uaua ka hua ake te pakaru o ngā pūkenga nekeneke me te mahi tahi.
Ko te Myasthenia gravis he mate pūnaha ārai mate e whakararuraru ana i te hononga io-uaua i te hononga neuromuscular, ka puta te ngenge me te ngoikore o te uaua. I tētahi atu taha, ko te multiple sclerosis, he mate mumura, ka pā ki te pukupuku myelin e hipoki ana i ngā muka io i roto i te pūnaha io matua, ka hua ake he whānuitanga o ngā ngoikoretanga o te nekenekehanga.
Ngātahi, e whakaatu ana ēnei mate i te whakawhirinakitanga nui o te pūnaha uaua ki tētahi pūnaha io pumau mō te mahi tika. Ko te ngaronga o te whai huatanga o te io, te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero rānei nā ēnei mate e whakamārama ana i te taunekeneke ngāwari, ahakoa he iti noa ngā raruraru ka arahi ki ngā uauatanga nui o te nekehanga me te taunga.
Opaniraa
Ko te whanaungatanga uaua i waenga i te pūnaha io me te pūnaha musculoskeletal e whakaatu ana i tā rāua mahi nui ki te whakahohe i te nekenekehanga o te tangata me te taunekeneke ki te taiao. Mā te matapaki i ngā urupare, te hauora o ngā neuron nekeneke, te whakahaere nekehanga pai, te whakangungu tinana, me ngā mate neuromuscular, e kitea ana he mea nui te mahi maeneene o ēnei pūnaha mō te nekehanga tangata matatini me te matatini. Mā te mārama ki tēnei hononga, ehara i te mea ka whakarei ake i tō tātou mōhiotanga ki te āhua o te tinana o te tangata engari ka āwhina hoki i te whakawhanake i ngā wawaotanga haumanu mō ngā momo mate nekeneke.
