Ētahi Matū Waro Hira me ō rātou Painga
Pendahuluan
Ko te matū waro te peka o te matū e ako ana i ngā pūhui waro me ā rātou tauhohenga. Ko ngā pūhui waro, e mau ana i te nuinga o te wā ko te waro, te hauwai, te hāora, te hauota, te whākōkī, me te whanariki, koinei te pūtake o ngā mea ora katoa o te Ao. Ehara i te mea he mea nui noa iho ēnei pūhui ki te taha koiora engari he maha hoki ngā whakamahinga i roto i te ahumahi, te rongoā, me te oranga o ia rā. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ētahi pūhui waro nui me ā rātou whakamahinga whānui.
1. Te hukahuka
Hanganga me ngā Āhuatanga
He monosaccharide te hukahuka, ko tōna tauira matū ko C6H12O6. Koinei te pūtake pūngao matua mō ngā mea ora. Ka taea te whakaahua i te hanganga o te hukahuka hei mekameka porowhita kei roto e ono ngā ngota waro me ngā rōpū hydroxyl e piri ana ki ia waro.
Painga
– Pūngao Koiora: Ko te hukahuka te wahie matua mō te pākia o te pūtau. I te wā e manawa ana te pūtau, ka pakaru te hukahuka hei hauhā waro me te wai, ka puta he ATP (adenosine triphosphate), te pūtake pūngao matua mō ngā pūtau.
– Ngā Whakamahinga Hauora: I roto i te ahua o te dextrose (D-glucose), ka whakamahia tēnei matū i roto i ngā wai uaua hei whakarato i te pūngao tere me te whakaora wai ki ngā tūroro e matea ana.
– Ahumahi Kai: Ka whakamahia te hukahuka i roto i ngā hua kai hei mea reka, hei puna pūngao hoki e ngawari ana te mimiti i roto i ngā kai hākinakina.
2. Ngā Waikawa Amino
Hanganga me ngā Āhuatanga
Ko ngā waikawa amino he matū waro kei roto he rōpū amino (-NH2) me te rōpū carboxyl (-COOH). E 20 ngā waikawa amino nui e hanga ana i ngā pūmua i roto i ia rauropi.
Painga
– Ngā Pūtake Pūmua: Ko ngā waikawa amino ngā poraka hanga o te pūmua, he mea nui mō te tipu, te whakatikatika kiko, me te mahi a te whākōkī.
– Maimoatanga Mate: Ka whakamahia ētahi waikawa amino, pērā i te glutamine, hei tautoko i te whakaora patunga me te whakatika i te kiko whekau.
– Ngā Nutraceuticals: Ka whakamahia ngā tāpiringa waikawa amino, pērā i te tetracycline, hei whakapai ake i te hauora o te uaua me te mahi hākinakina.
3. Etanora (C2H5OH)
Hanganga me ngā Āhuatanga
Ko te etanoru te waipiro e mōhiotia whānuitia ana, ko tōna tauira matū ko C2H5OH. He wai kore tae, he wai pūngāwerewere, he kakara motuhake.
Painga
– Wahie: Ka whakamahia te etanoru hei wahie rerekē e pai ake ana ki te taiao i te penehīni.
– Ahumahi Matū: Whakamahia hei whakarewa i roto i ngā ahumahi rongoā me te matū, me te rauemi mata hoki mō te hanga o ngā ester ethyl me ngā amine ethyl.
Hauora: He wāhanga nui te etanoru i roto i ngā rongoā patu huakita me ngā patu huakita nā tōna kaha ki te patu i ngā moroiti.
4. Waikawa Ātetika (CH3COOH)
Hanganga me ngā Āhuatanga
He waikawa carboxylic te waikawa acetic, ko tōna tauira matū ko CH3COOH. Koinei te wāhanga matua o te winika.
Painga
– Ahumahi Kai: Ko te winika, ko te nuinga he waikawa acetic, ka whakamahia hei tiaki me te whakakakara i te tunu kai.
– Ahumahi Matū: Ka whakamahia te waikawa acetic hei rauemi mata i roto i te hanga o ngā esters acetate, e whakamahia ana hei whakarewa i roto i ngā waituhi, ngā paninga, me ngā piripiri.
– Ngā Rongoā Taiao: I roto i te rongoā otaota, ka whakamahia te waikawa acetic hei rongoā taiao hei rongoā i ngā mate taringa me ētahi mate kiri.
5. Āpipirini (Waikawa Acetylsalicylic, C9H8O4)
Hanganga me ngā Āhuatanga
He ester te aspirin i ahu mai i te waikawa salicylic me te acetic anhydride. Ko tētahi o ngā rongoā e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te rongoā.
Painga
– Whakamamae mamae: Ka whakamahia te aspirin hei rongoā whakamamae hei whakamamae i te mamae ngawari ki te mamae pāmamae.
– Ārai-mumura: He mahi anō hoki hei ārai-mumura hei whakaiti i te mumura me te pupuhi.
– Te Ārai i ngā Mate Ngakau: He iti te horopeta e tohua ana mō te aspirin hei ārai i ngā whakaeke ngakau me ngā whiu i roto i ngā tāngata mōrearea nui.
6. Ngā Pūmua Ora
Hanganga me ngā Āhuatanga
Ko ngā pūmua waro he mekameka roa o ngā ngota waro. Ko ētahi tauira noa ko te polyethylene, te polypropylene, me te polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Painga
Kirihou: Ka whakamahia tēnei pūhui hei hanga i ngā momo hua kirihou e whakamahia ana i ia rā, mai i ngā takai kai ki ngā taputapu o te whare.
– Hangarau Membrane: Whakamahia i roto i te hangarau membrane mō te purenga wai me te wehenga matū.
– Hauora: Ka whakamahia ngā pūmua i roto i te hanga taputapu hauora pēnei i ngā catheter me ngā stent, tae atu ki ngā pūnaha tukunga rongoā whakahaeretia.
7. Steroid
Hanganga me ngā Āhuatanga
He matū waro ngā steroids, ā, e whā ngā mowhiti waro e hono tahi ana. Ko ngā tauira rongonui o ngā steroids ko te cholesterol, te testosterone, me te estrogen.
Painga
– Ngā homoni: Ko ngā steroids pēnei i te testosterone me te estrogen ngā homoni matua e whakahaere ana i ngā mahi tinana tae atu ki te whanaketanga ā-ira tangata, te pākia o te tinana, me te pūnaha ārai mate.
– Ngā rongoā ārai-mumura: Ka whakamahia ngā corticosteroids, pērā i te prednisone, hei whakaiti i te mumura me te rongoā i ngā mate pūnaha ārai mate.
– Te Hanga Uaua: Ka whakamahia ngā steroids anabolic i roto i te rongoā, ā, i ētahi wā ka whakamahia ture kore hei whakanui ake i te papatipu uaua me te mahi hākinakina.
8. Huaora C (Waikawa Ascorbic, C6H8O6)
Hanganga me ngā Āhuatanga
He huaora wairewa-wai te Huaora C, ko tana mahi he whakauru i te rōpū enol i roto i te hanganga lactone.
Painga
– Ārai-waipiro: He mahi ā-waipiro te Huaora C hei tiaki i ngā pūtau mai i te kino waipiro.
– Te Hanganga o te Korara: E hiahiatia ana mō te hanga korara, he mea nui mō te kiri hauora, ngā wheua, me ngā kiko honohono.
– Whakapai ake i te Pūnaha Ārai Mate: Ka whakapai ake i te mahi a te pūnaha ārai mate, ā, ka āwhina ki te ārai i ngā mate pipiri.
Whakamutunga
Ko ngā matū waro te pūtake matū o te ora, ā, he mea nui tā rātou mahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga maha o te koiora, te hauora, me te ahumahi. Mai i te hukahuka e whakarato ana i te pūngao ki te huaora C e whakapakari ana i te ārai mate, he nui ngā painga e tukuna ana e ēnei matū. Mā te mārama me te whakamahi tika i ēnei matū waro, ehara i te mea ka whakarei ake i te matū anake, engari ka whai wāhi nui hoki ki te oranga o te tangata me te whanaketanga hangarau.
