Pendahuluan
Ko te iahiko hiko, te rere o te utu hiko i roto i te kaiārahi hiko, te pūtake o te nuinga o ngā hangarau hiko me ngā hangarau hiko e whakamahia ana e tātou i ia rā. Mai i ngā taputapu iti pēnei i ngā waea pūkoro me ngā pona ki ngā pūnaha nui pēnei i ngā whatunga hiko, he mea nui te mārama ki te iahiko hiko me pēhea te ine. Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga he aha te iahiko hiko, ōna momo, me pēhea te ine.
Te Ariā Taketake o te Iahiko Hiko
Ka puta te au hiko mā te nekehanga o ngā irahiko mā roto i tētahi kaiārahi. I roto i tētahi kaiārahi whakarewa, ka taea e ngā irahiko te neke noa mai i tētahi ngota ki tētahi atu. Ina whakamahia he rerekētanga pūmanawa (ngaohiko) puta noa i ngā pito e rua o te kaiārahi, ka rere ngā irahiko mai i te rohe pūmanawa iti ki te rohe pūmanawa teitei ake. Ka inehia te au hiko i roto i ngā ampere (A), i tapaina i muri i a André-Marie Ampère. Ko te ampere kotahi te tikanga ko te rere o te kotahi coulomb o te utu hiko ia hekona. Ka taea te whakarōpū i te au hiko ki ngā momo matua e rua: te au tika (DC) me te au tauutuutu (AC).
Ngā momo au hiko
Iahiko Tika (DC)
Ko te au tika te rere o te hiko e neke ana i te ahunga kotahi, pumau. Ko ngā pūtake o te au tika ko ngā pākahiko, ngā pūtau rā, me ētahi momo whakaputa hiko DC. Ka whakamahia te DC i roto i ngā mahi o ia rā, inā koa i roto i ngā taputapu hiko pēnei i ngā waea pūkoro, ngā pona, me ētahi atu taputapu e hiahia ana ki te pūtake hiko pumau me te pumau. Ka whakamahia hoki ngā pūnaha hiko DC i roto i ngā mahi motuhake pēnei i te utu waka hiko me ngā pūnaha hiko tārua (UPS).
Iahiko Whakawhiti (AC)
Ko te au hurihuri he rere o te utu hiko e huri ana i te ahunga i ia wā. Ko te auau o te au hurihuri ka whakatauhia e te maha o ngā huringa ia hekona, e inehia ana i roto i te hertz (Hz). I roto i te maha o ngā whenua, ko te auau paerewa AC he 50 Hz, 60 Hz rānei. Ko te pūtake matua o te au hurihuri ko ngā whakaputa hiko e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā tipu hiko. Ko te painga matua o te AC ko tōna kaha ki te tuku i ngā tawhiti roa me te tino pai. Ka whakamahia te AC i roto i ngā pūnaha tohatoha hiko o te whare me te ahumahi, tae atu ki ngā taputapu hiko maha e hiahia ana ki te mana nui.
Te Ine i te Iahiko Hiko
Ko te ine i te iahiko hiko me whai taputapu motuhake e kiia nei ko te āmita. Kua hangaia ngā āmita kia honoa raupapa ki te huānga e inehia ana te iahiko, kia rere ai te iahiko katoa mā roto i te āmita. He maha ngā momo āmita, tae atu ki ngā āmita anaro me ngā āmita matihiko, me ētahi atu taputapu ine pērā i ngā mita maha e taea ai te ine i te ngaohiko, te iahiko, me te ātete.
Te Ine i te Iahiko DC
Hei ine i te iahiko DC, ka taea e tātou te whakamahi i te amita anaro, i te amita matihiko rānei. Ka whakamahia e ngā amita anaro he tohu e neke ana i runga i te tauine, ko ngā amita matihiko ia e whakaatu ana i te uara o te iahiko mā te tau. Mā te whakamahi i te amita matihiko ka māmā ake, ka tika ake hoki te tukanga ine nā te mea he whakaaturanga matihiko kei roto e whakaatu tika ana i te uara o te iahiko inehia.
Te Ine i te Iahiko AC
He uaua ake te ine i te iahiko AC nā te mea ka huri te ahunga o te iahiko i ia wā. Ko ngā mita AC ka whakamahi i te whakawhiti iahiko, i te pūoko Pānga Hall rānei hei huri i te iahiko AC hei tohu ine. He maha ngā wā ka taea e ngā mita matihiko hou te ine i te iahiko AC me te iahiko DC. Hei tāpiri, me whai whakaaro ngā inenga iahiko AC ki ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te ngaru me te auau kia tika ai ngā hua.
Te Mātāpono Mahi o te Amita
Ka mahi ngā amita i runga i te mātāpono o Ohm me te ture o te whakapūngao hikohiko. I roto i te amita anaro, ka rere te iahiko hiko mā roto i te koiri kua whakanohoia ki roto i te papa aukume. Mā te taunekeneke i waenga i te iahiko me te papa aukume ka puta he kaha e neke ana i te ngira i runga i te tauine. I taua wā, ka whakamahia e te amita matihiko he pūoko hiko e kite ana i te rere o te iahiko ka huri hei tohu matihiko, ka whakaaturia ki te mata.
Te Whakamahinga o ngā Ammeter i roto i ngā Porowhita
Hei ine i te iahiko mā te whakamahi i te āmita, me hono raupapa te taputapu ki te huānga e inehia ana te iahiko. Mā tēnei ka tika kia puta katoa te iahiko e rere ana i roto i te huānga mā te āmita. Anei ngā mahi matua mō te whakamahi i te āmita:
- Whakawetohia te hiko o te ara iahiko i mua i te tāutanga o te ammeterHe mea nui tēnei hei ārai i ngā ara iahiko poto, i te kino rānei ki ngā taputapu me ngā ara iahiko.
- Honoa te ammeter i roto i te raupapaMe whakarite kei te hono raupapa te āmita ki te wāhanga e inehia ana te iahiko.
- Whakahokia te hiko o te ara iahikoKia tika te tāutanga o te āmita, tahurihia anō te hiko hei tīmata i te ine.
- Pānuihia ngā hua ineKa whakaaturia ngā hua ine ki te mata matihiko, mā te tohu rānei i runga i te āmita anarau.
Ngā Hapa me ngā Āhuakore i roto i te Ine i te Auaha
He hapa pea kei roto i ia inenga ka pā ki te tika o ngā hua. Ka puta ngā hapa i roto i ngā inenga o nāianei nā ngā āhuatanga maha, tae atu ki:
- Ngā āhuatanga taputapuKa pāngia ngā hua e ngā hapa whakatikatika, te taumira iti, me te kore e taea e te taputapu te ine i ngā iahiko tino iti, tino teitei rānei.
- Faktor lingkungan: Ka pāngia ngā inenga e te pāmahana, te pokanoa hikohiko, me ētahi atu āhuatanga taiao.
- Kesalahan tangataKo te hē o te pānui i te tauine, ngā hononga hē, me te whakamāori hē i ngā hua, he pūtake noa iho ēnei o ngā hapa tangata.
Hei whakaiti i ngā hapa, he mea nui kia whakamahia ngā taputapu ine kua whakatikatikaina tika, kia whai i ngā tikanga ine tika, ā, kia mahi i ngā inenga i roto i te taiao e tika ana.
Hangarau Hou i roto i te Ine i nāianei
Kua whakauruhia mai e ngā hangarau hou he maha ngā taputapu me ngā tikanga hou mō te ine i te au hiko kia tika ake, kia whai hua ake hoki. Ko ētahi o ngā mahi auaha hou ko:
- Mita te mitaMā tēnei taputapu ka taea te ine i te au hiko me te kore e pakaru te ara iahiko. Ka mahi ngā mita rawhi mā te kimi i te papa aukume e hangaia ana e te au hiko e rere ana i roto i te ara iahiko.
- Pūoko Pānga HōroKa whakamahia e tēnei pūoko te pānga Hall hei kite i te iahiko me te kore e pā tika. He tino whai hua tēnei pūoko mō te ine i te iahiko i roto i ngā pūnaha uaua ki te tae atu, mōrearea rānei.
- Āmita AhokoreMā te hangarau ahokore ka taea te ine i te iahiko mamao, ka nui ake te haumaru me te watea.
Whakamutunga
He āhuatanga taketake te iahiko hiko i roto i te ahupūngao me te hangarau hiko. He mea nui te mārama ki te mahi a te iahiko hiko me te ine tika i tēnei mea hei whakawhanake me te pupuri i ngā pūnaha hiko me ngā pūnaha hiko whai hua, haumaru hoki. Ko te ine i te iahiko, ahakoa he DC, he AC rānei, me mārama pai ki ngā mātāpono hiko taketake me te whakamahi i ngā taputapu ine pēnei i te ammeter. Mā tēnei māramatanga, ka taea e tātou te whakarite kia tika, kia haumaru hoki te mahi a ā tātou pūnaha hiko, ā, ka karohia hoki ngā tūponotanga e pā ana ki ngā inenga hē.
