Pendahuluan
Ko te Ture a Ohm tētahi o ngā mātāpono matua o te pūtaiao hiko e hono ana i te ngaohiko, te iahiko, me te ātete i roto i tētahi ara iahiko hiko. I kitea e Georg Simon Ohm i te tau 1827, ko tēnei ture te pūtake mō ngā ariā me ngā tono maha i roto i te hangarau hiko me te hiko. Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga te ariā matua o te Ture a Ohm, tōna whakatakotoranga pāngarau, ōna tono i roto i ngā momo ara iahiko, me ōna whakamātautau me ngā tono i roto i te oranga o ia rā.
Te Ariā Taketake o te Ture a Ohm
E ai ki te Ture a Ōma, ko te iahiko e rere ana i roto i tētahi kaiārahi i waenganui i ngā pūwāhi e rua he rite tonu ki te ngaohiko i waenganui i ngā pūwāhi e rua, ā, he rite whakamuri ki te ātete o te kaiārahi. Mā te pāngarau, ka taea te whakaatu i te Ture a Ōma mā te whārite:
\[ V = I \whakanuia te R \]
Kei hea:
– Ko te ngaohiko (i roto i ngā ngaohiko) ko \( V \)
– Ko te iahiko (i roto i ngā amperes) ko \( I \)
– Ko te ātete (i roto i ngā ohm) ko \( R \)
Ko Georg Simon Ohm me āna mea hanga hou
He tohunga ahupūngao Tiamana a Georg Simon Ohm, nāna i whakawhanake tēnei ariā taketake mā roto i tētahi raupapa o ngā whakamātautau tino ātaahua. I ako ia i te whanaungatanga i waenga i te roa o te waea, te wāhanga whakawhiti, te rauemi waea, me te iahiko hiko e rere ana i roto. I te tau 1827, i whakaputaina e ia tana rangahau ki roto i tētahi pukapuka ko "Die galvanische Kette, mathematisch bearbeitet" te taitara (Te Ara Porowhita Galvanic e Whakaarohia ana i te Pāngarau), i reira i whakamāramahia ai e ia te ture e mōhiotia nei ko te Ture a Ohm.
Te Hanga Pāngarau
Hei mārama ake, me wehewehe tātou i te whārite taketake o te Ture a Ohm. I roto i tētahi ara iahiko hiko māmā:
1. Ngaohiko (V): Ko te ngaohiko te rerekētanga o te pūmanawa hiko i waenga i ngā pūwāhi e rua i roto i te ara iahiko. Ko te waeine o te ngaohiko ko te ngaohiko (V).
2. Iahiko (I): Ko te iahiko te tere o te rere o te utu hiko mā roto i tētahi kaiārahi hiko. Ko te ine o te iahiko ko te ampere (A).
3. Ātete (R): Ko te ātete he ine i te nui o te ātete a te kaiārahi hiko ki te rere o te iahiko hiko. Ko te waeine o te ātete ko te ohm (Ω).
Mā te whakamahi i te whārite Ture a Ohm (V = I me ngā wā R), ka taea e tātou te tatau i tētahi o ngā taurangi e toru mēnā e mōhiotia ana ngā taurangi e rua. Hei tauira, mēnā e mōhiotia ana te ngaohiko me te ātete, ka taea e tātou te kimi i te iahiko penei:
\[ I = \frac{V}{R} \]
Ngā Whakamahinga o te Ture a Ohm
He whānuitia ngā whakamahinga o te Ture a Ohm i roto i te hoahoa me te tātari i ngā ara iahiko hiko. Ko ētahi tauira o ngā whakamahinga o te Ture a Ohm ko:
1. Ara iahiko raupapa: I roto i te ara iahiko raupapa, he rite tonu te iahiko e rere ana i roto i ia wāhanga, engari ko te ngaohiko katoa ko te tapeke o ngā ngaohiko puta noa i ia wāhanga. Ko te ātete katoa i roto i te ara iahiko raupapa ko te tapeke o ngā ātete o ia wāhanga.
\[ R_{\kuputuhi{katoa}} = R_1 + R_2 + R_3 + \cdots + R_n \]
2. Porowhita Whakarara: I roto i te porowhita whakarara, he ōrite te ngaohiko puta noa i ia wāhanga, engari ko te iahiko katoa ko te tapeke o ngā iahiko puta noa i ia wāhanga. Ka tatauhia te ātete katoa i roto i te porowhita whakarara mā te whakamahi i te tātai:
\[ \frac{1}{R_{\text{total}}} = \frac{1}{R_1} + \frac{1}{R_2} + \frac{1}{R_3} + \cdots + \frac{1}{R_n} \]
3. Hoahoa Ātete: Ka whakamahia te Ture a Ohm hei whakatau i te uara ātete e hiahiatia ana i roto i tētahi ara iahiko hei whakatutuki i tētahi iahiko, i tētahi ngaohiko rānei kua hoatu.
Te Whakamātautau Ture a Ohm
Ka taea te whakahaere i tētahi whakamātautau hei manatoko i te Ture a Ohm mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu taketake pēnei i te pūtake ngaohiko, te āmita, te mita ngaohiko, me te ātete. Anei ngā mahi taketake mō te whakamātautau:
1. Whakaritea te ara iahiko taketake: Honoa te pūtake ngaohiko, te ātete, te āmita, me te mita ngaohiko ki te whirihoranga tika.
2. Ine i te ngaohiko me te iahiko: Hurihia mārire te ngaohiko e whakamahia ana, ka tuhia te ngaohiko me te iahiko i inehia.
3. Tātari raraunga: Tuhia he kauwhata o te ngaohiko me te iahiko. Mena he rārangi te whanaungatanga i waenga i te ngaohiko me te iahiko, ka pā te Ture a Ohm, ā, ko te pari o te kauwhata e tohu ana i te ātete o te ātete.
Te Whakamahinga o te Ture a Ohm i te Oranga o Ia Rā
Ehara i te mea he mea nui te Ture a Ohm i roto i te ariā anake, engari he maha hoki ngā whakamahinga mahi i roto i te oranga o ia rā. Ko ētahi tauira o te Ture a Ohm ko:
1. Te Hoahoa Taputapu Hiko: I roto i te hoahoa o ngā taputapu hiko pēnei i ngā waea pūkoro, ngā rorohiko, me ngā pouaka whakaata, ka whakamahia e ngā kaihangarau te Ture a Ohm hei whakatau i ngā uara wāhanga tika kia pai ai te mahi a te taputapu.
2. Ngā Pūnaha Hiko Kāinga: I roto i ngā pūnaha hiko kāinga, ka whakamahia te Ture a Ohm hei whakarite kia mahi ngā taputapu hiko i te ngaohiko me te ia e tika ana hei ārai i ngā kino me ngā tūponotanga ahi.
3. Te Whakautu Pūhiko: Ko te Ture a Ohm te mea e whakahaeretia ana te utu pūhiko i roto i ngā taputapu hiko me ngā waka hiko hei whakarite i te utunga whai hua me te haumaru.
4. Ngā Whakamahana Hiko: I roto i ngā taputapu whakamahana hiko pēnei i ngā whakamahana wāhi me ngā whakamahana wai, ka tīpakohia te uara ātete i runga i te Ture a Ohm hei whakaputa haumaru i te wera e hiahiatia ana.
Whakamutunga
Ko te Ture a Ohm he mātāpono taketake e hono ana i te ngaohiko, te iahiko, me te ātete i roto i tētahi ara iahiko hiko. Nā Georg Simon Ohm i kitea, ko tēnei ture te pūtake mō te tātari me te hoahoa i ngā ara iahiko hiko whai hua me te haumaru. Mā te mārama me te whakamahi i te Ture a Ohm, ka taea e tātou te hoahoa me te pupuri i ngā momo pūnaha hiko me ngā pūnaha hiko e whakamahia ana i ia rā. Mai i ngā taputapu whare ki ngā taputapu hangarau teitei, kei te whai tikanga tonu te Ture a Ohm, ā, he mea nui tonu ki te whakawhanake i ngā hangarau o muri mai.
