Ithiyori Yendawo Ephakathi
I-Pendahuluan
Ithiyori Yendawo Ephakathi ingumqondo wezwe ohlobene nokuthuthukiswa nokusatshalaliswa kwamadolobha kanye nezindawo zokuhlala zabantu. Le thiyori yethulwa okokuqala nguWalter Christaller, isazi sejografi saseJalimane, ngo-1933 encwadini yakhe enesihloko esithi "Die Zentralen Orte in Süddeutschland" (Izindawo Eziphakathi eNingizimu Jalimane). Le thiyori ihlose ukuchaza ukusatshalaliswa kwamadolobha nezinsizakalo ngaphakathi kwesifunda, nokuthi zihlobene kanjani ngendlela yokulandelana. Ngokuthuthuka kwesikhathi kanye nokuguquguquka kwezenhlalo nezomnotho, le thiyori iyaqhubeka nokuba yisihloko esifanele esifundweni sejografi kanye nokuhlela amadolobha.
Ingqikithi Yethiyori Yendawo Ephakathi
I-Central Location Theory iyisisekelo somqondo wokuthi izindawo zokuhlala zabantu, ezincane nezinkulu, zivame ukuzihlela ngamaphethini athile athuthukisa ukufinyeleleka kanye nezinsizakalo. UChristaller uphakamise ukuthi izindawo eziphakathi zenzelwe ukunciphisa umzamo noma izindleko zezakhamuzi ezizungezile ekutholeni izimpahla nezinsizakalo. Le mbono isekelwe ezicabangweni eziningana eziyisisekelo:
1. Ubuso Obufanayo: Ithafa eliyisicaba nelifanayo elingenazo izinguquko ezibonakalayo njengezintaba noma imifula.
2. Ukwabiwa Okulinganayo: Inani labantu kanye nezinsizakusebenza zisatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo esifundeni.
3. Ezokuthutha: Izindleko zokuhamba ziyafana kuzo zonke izinhlangothi.
4. Ukuziphatha Okunengqondo Kwezomnotho: Abathengi benza ngendlela enengqondo, bekhetha indawo ebazuzisa kakhulu.
Kusukela kulokhu kucabanga, uChristaller wakhiqiza iphethini enezinhlangothi eziyisithupha ekhombisa ukusatshalaliswa kwezindawo eziphakathi. Kungani kunesimo esinezinhlangothi eziyisithupha? Ngoba lesi simo sibhekwa njengesisebenza kahle kakhulu ekumbozeni indawo ngaphandle kokugqagqana noma izikhala, ngokungafani nombuthano.
Ubuholi Bezindawo Eziphakathi
Omunye weminikelo emikhulu yalo mbono ukwethulwa kohlu lwezindawo eziphakathi. Izindawo eziphakathi zihlukaniswa ngokwezinga lenkonzo ezinikezayo:
– Izinga Eliphansi (Idolobha Elincane): Ihlinzeka ngezimpahla eziyisisekelo kanye nezinsizakalo ezidliwa njalo, njengokudla okuyisisekelo kanye nezinsizakalo zansuku zonke.
– Izinga Eliphakathi (Idolobha Eliphakathi): Inikeza izimpahla nezinsizakalo ezikhethekile kakhulu, njengezingubo nezimpahla zasekhaya.
– Izinga Eliphezulu (Amadolobha Amakhulu): Ihlinzeka ngezimpahla nezinsizakalo ezingadingeki kakhulu, okuhlanganisa izimpahla zokunethezeka nezikhungo zemfundo ephakeme njengamanyuvesi nezinsizakalo zezempilo ezikhethekile.
Uma indawo ephakathi iphakeme, indawo ekhonza kuyo inkulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amadolobha amakhulu ambalwa kunamadolobhana amancane.
Ukuqaliswa Nokugxekwa
Ithiyori Yendawo Ephakathi isetshenziswe kabanzi njengesisekelo sokuhlela idolobha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda. Ekuhleleni idolobha, le thiyori ingasiza ekunqumeni izindawo ezifanele zezikhungo zokuthenga, izikhungo zezempilo, kanye nezikhungo zemfundo. Ukuhlaziywa kwendawo ephakathi kungasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokusatshalaliswa kwezimpahla nezinsizakalo kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zokuminyana kanye nezokuthutha.
Kodwa-ke, le mbono ayiyona engenabagxeki bayo. Ukugxekwa okuyinhloko kusezicabangweni zayo eziyisisekelo, ikakhulukazi ukucabanga kwendawo efanayo kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwabantu ngokulinganayo, okungatholakali kakhulu ezweni langempela. Izici zesimo sendawo, amasiko, ezombusazwe kanye nezomlando zivame ukuthonya ukusatshalaliswa kwamadolobha, okusho ukuthi le modeli ingase ingabi nembambo ngokuphelele kuzo zonke izimo.
Ukuzivumelanisa Nezimo Nokuthuthukiswa Okuqhubekayo
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abacwaningi nabahleli baye bathuthukisa izinguqulo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ze-Central Location Theory ezizama ukubhekana nemikhawulo yokuqala. Ezinye zihlanganisa izici ezifana nobuchwepheshe, izinqubomgomo zikahulumeni, kanye nezinguquko zabantu ekuhlaziyeni kwazo. Isibonelo, imodeli yamandla adonsela phansi izama ukulungisa ezinye zalezi ziphambeko ngokufaka ibanga kanye nokukhanga kwezomnotho ekuhlolweni kokusatshalaliswa kwezindawo zokuhlala.
Ubuchwepheshe bolwazi nokuxhumana budlale indima ekushintsheni indlela esiqonda ngayo ukusatshalaliswa kanye nokusebenzisana kwezindawo eziphakathi, ngokuvela kwemibono efana namadolobha ahlakaniphile ashintsha incazelo kanye nomsebenzi wezindawo eziphakathi ngokwazo.
Isiphetho
Ithiyori Yendawo Ephakathi iyisisekelo esiyisisekelo kwezezwe kanye nokuhlela amadolobha. Naphezu kokulinganiselwa kwayo, imiqondo kanye nezimiso zayo zihlala zisetshenziswa kabanzi njengamathuluzi okuhlaziya okuqonda nokuthuthukisa ukusatshalaliswa kwezimpahla nezinsizakalo ngaphakathi kwesifunda. Ngokuthuthuka kwezenhlalo, ezobuchwepheshe, kanye nezomnotho, ukuzivumelanisa nale thiyori kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ibalulekile ekubhekaneni nezinselele ezintsha namathuba enkathini yanamuhla.
Ekugcineni, ukuqonda amaphethini okusatshalaliswa kwamadolobha nezindawo eziphakathi akuyona nje indaba yokuhlaziywa kwendawo, kodwa futhi mayelana nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokulingana ekufinyeleleni izinsiza kanye nezinsizakalo zabo bonke abahlali. Njengocwaningo oluqhubekayo, ithiyori yendawo ephakathi iyaqhubeka nokuvula amathuba okucabanga okusha nokuvumelana nezimo ekuhleleni nasekuphatheni amadolobha emhlabeni jikelele.
