Ithiyori Yezinhlayiya Eziningi
Kwezenhlalo kanye nokuhlela amadolobha, ithiyori yama-nuclei amaningi iyithiyori ebalulekile echaza intuthuko yezakhiwo zendawo zasemadolobheni. Yasungulwa nguChauncy Harris no-Edward Ullman ngo-1945, le thiyori yaphonsela inselelo imibono yangaphambilini eyaphakanyiswa yithiyori ka-Ernest Burgess ye-concentric zone kanye nethiyori ka-Homer Hoyt ye-sector.
Isizinda Somlando
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, inkolelo-mbono yokuthuthukiswa kwedolobha yayibuswa ngumqondo wokuthi amadolobha athuthuka phakathi nendawo esuka endaweni ephakathi njengesikhungo sebhizinisi noma sokuphatha, njengoba kuboniswe yimodeli yendawo egxile. Le modeli yaphakamisa ukuthi amadolobha akhulele ngaphandle emibuthanweni egxile phakathi nendawo. Kodwa-ke, ngobunzima obukhulayo bamadolobha kanye nezinguquko kwezomnotho kanye nokuguquguquka kwezenhlalo maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, le nkolelo-mbono yaqala ukuphikiswa.
UChauncy Harris no-Edward Ullman baphawula ukuthi amadolobha anamuhla avame ukungakhuli ngokwale ndlela yendabuko. Bathole ukuthi esikhundleni sokugxila enkabeni eyodwa ephakathi, amadolobha amaningi athambekele ekwakheni izikhungo eziningana ezihlukene noma izindawo zokusebenza. Lezi kungaba izikhungo zebhizinisi ezintsha, amapaki ezimboni, izindawo zezentengiselwano, noma izikhungo zokuzilibazisa.
Izimiso Eziyisisekelo Zenkolelo-mbono Ye-Multiple Nucleus
Ithiyori ye-multiple core ithi amadolobha athuthuka ngezikhungo eziningi zokukhula, ngayinye isebenza ngokuzimela kodwa isebenzisana. Izici eziningana ezibalulekile zinegalelo ekwakhekeni kwezindawo eziningi ngaphakathi kwedolobha:
1. Ukutholakala Komhlaba: Amadolobha avame ukukhula ezindaweni lapho umhlaba utholakala khona futhi ushibhile khona. Lokhu kungase kuchaze ukuvela kwezikhungo ezintsha emaphethelweni amadolobha kunasezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi kakade.
2. Ukufinyeleleka: Izindawo ezifinyeleleka kalula, njengemigwaqo emikhulu noma amanethiwekhi ezokuthutha zomphakathi, zinamandla okuba yizikhungo ezintsha.
3. Imisebenzi Yezomnotho Ekhethekile: Ezinye izindawo zingathuthuka ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obuthile bezomnotho, isibonelo izindawo zezimboni noma izikhungo zobuchwepheshe eziqoqa izinkampani ezinezidingo ezifanayo.
4. Amathonya Angaphandle: Izici zangaphandle njengezinqumo zezepolitiki, ukutshalwa kwezimali kukahulumeni, noma izitayela zomhlaba wonke zingathonya ukuvela kwezikhungo ezintsha.
5. Izici Zezenhlalo Nezamasiko: Ukuba khona kwamaqembu athile omphakathi, anezindinganiso zamasiko ezihlukile, kungakha izikhungo ezithile zamasiko noma zebhizinisi.
Izibonelo ze-Multiple Nucleus Theory
Ukusetshenziswa kwethiyori eyinhloko eminingi kungabonakala emadolobheni amaningi amakhulu. Isibonelo, eLos Angeles, singabona izikhungo eziningana zemisebenzi ngaphandle kwedolobha. Kukhona isikhungo sokuzijabulisa eHollywood, isikhungo sezezimali nesehhovisi eCentury City, kanye nesikhungo sesayensi nesemfundo ePasadena. Ngayinye yalezi zikhungo inezici nemisebenzi ehlukile, idonsela abantu abahlukene, futhi ikhonza izintshisekelo ezahlukene zezomnotho nezenhlalo.
Amandla kanye nokulinganiselwa kwethiyori
Inzuzo yethiyori eyinhloko eminingi yikhono layo lokunikeza uhlaka oluguquguqukayo lokuqonda ubunzima kanye nokuguquguquka kwamadolobha anamuhla. Le thiyori ivumela izincazelo zokwehluka kwentuthuko yasemadolobheni amamodeli angaphambilini ayengenakukwazi.
Nokho, le mbono ayinayo imingcele yayo. Okunye ukugxekwa okuvamile ukuthi, nakuba ichaza, ayinikezi okuningi ngendlela yeziphakamiso ezinqunyiwe noma izixazululo ezisebenzayo zokuhlela amadolobha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le mbono ngezinye izikhathi ihunyushwa njengokusho ukuthi ayikho ingqikithi eyodwa ebusayo, nakuba empeleni, isikhungo esisodwa noma ezimbili zivame ukuhlala zibusa kakhulu emadolobheni athile.
Imiphumela Yokuhlelwa Kwamadolobha
Ngomongo wokuhlelwa kwedolobha nentuthuko, ukuqonda imibono eminingi eyinhloko kusho ukuqaphela ukuthi amadolobha anamuhla ayizinhlangano ezihlakazekile ngokusebenza nangokuma kwezindawo. Lokhu kunemiphumela eminingana ebalulekile yenqubomgomo:
1. Ukuhlela Ingqalasizinda: Ingqalasizinda yezokuthutha kanye nezinsiza zomphakathi kudingeka zakhiwe ukuze zikhonze izikhungo eziningi kunokuba ziqondiswe esikhungweni esisodwa esikhulu.
2. Inqubomgomo Yokuhlela Indawo: Abenzi benqubomgomo bangasebenzisa izindawo zokuhlela indawo ezixubile ezicabangela ukuhlukahluka kokusetshenziswa komhlaba ezindaweni ezahlukene zedolobha.
3. Intuthuko Yomnotho: Uhulumeni angakhuthaza ukukhula komnotho nokudalwa kwemisebenzi ngokwenza kube lula ukuvela kwezikhungo ezintsha zomnotho.
4. Indlela Yokuvikela Imvelo: Intuthuko esatshalaliswe ingasiza ekunciphiseni ingcindezi yemvelo kuma-single cores, kodwa futhi idinga izinqubomgomo zemvelo ezibanzi kwezinye izindawo.
5. Ubulungiswa Bezenhlalo: Ngokuqonda ukuguquguquka kwezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlaka, izinqubomgomo zingaklanywa ukubhekana nokungalingani kwezenhlalo nezomnotho phakathi kwezikhungo ngaphakathi kwedolobha.
Isiphetho
Njengenye yemibono yasemadolobheni enethonya elikhulu, inkolelo-mbono eyinhloko eminingi yandisa ukuqonda kwethu ngesimo sokwanda kwamadolobha kanye nentuthuko yamadolobha anamuhla. Ukuqonda ukuthi akukho ndawo eyodwa, eyisisekelo esiphelele kuvumela abahleli basemadolobheni kanye nabathuthukisi ukuthi basebenze ngobuhlakani nangokuphendula ezidingweni nasezindleleni ezishintshayo zamadolobha. Nakuba idolobha ngalinye linezici ezihlukile ezingase zingahambisani ngokuphelele nanoma yimuphi umbono-mbono owodwa, inkolelo-mbono eyinhloko eminingi inikeza isisekelo esibalulekile sokuqonda nokwenza kube lula ukukhula kwamadolobha okubandakanyayo nokuqhubekayo.
