Ukusatshalaliswa Kwezilwane Zase-Indonesia
I-Indonesia, isiqhingi esiphakathi kwamazwekazi amabili nezilwandle ezimbili, iyikhaya lezinto eziphilayo ezingavamile, okuhlanganisa nokusabalala kwezilwane okuhlukile. Leli zwe linamaqhingi angaphezu kuka-17.000, ngalinye linezindawo zalo zemvelo ezihlukile ezisekela izinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane. Ukusabalala kwezilwane e-Indonesia akubalulekile nje kuphela ekuhlukahlukaneni kwezinhlobo emhlabeni jikelele kodwa futhi kunenani elikhulu lemvelo, ezomnotho, kanye namasiko ezweni. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukusabalala kwezilwane zase-Indonesia, izici ezithonya lokhu, kanye nemizamo eqhubekayo yokulondoloza ukuvikela le ngcebo yemvelo.
Izwe kanye nokuSasazwa Kwezilwane
I-Indonesia itholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo, okusho ukuthi ijabulela isimo sezulu esifudumele nesinomswakama unyaka wonke. Indawo yayo ebaluleke kakhulu lapho kuhlangana khona amapuleti ase-Asia nase-Australia idala indawo ehlukahlukene, kusukela emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo kanye nama-savanna kuya ezintabeni nasezindaweni ezisogwini ezifana nama-mangrove kanye nama-coral reefs. Lezi zimo ziyisici esiyinhloko esithonya ukusabalala kwezilwane kulo lonke leli qoqo leziqhingi.
Iziqhingi zase-Indonesia zihlukaniswe ngezindawo ezimbili ezisekelwe ku-Wallace Line kanye ne-Weber Line, okuyimingcele ecatshangelwayo yokusabalala kwezilwane phakathi kwe-Asia ne-Australasia. Entshonalanga yoMgca waseWallace, izilwane ezitholakalayo zifana kakhulu nezinhlobo zase-Asia, njengezingwe, izindlovu, kanye nobhejane. Empumalanga yoMgca waseWeber, izilwane zifana nezinhlobo zase-Australasia, njenge-kangaroo yezihlahla kanye ne-cassowaries.
Ukusatshalaliswa Kwezilwane Esifundeni SaseNtshonalanga
Isifunda esisentshonalanga ye-Indonesia, esihlanganisa iziqhingi ezinkulu zaseSumatra, eJava, naseKalimantan, saziwa ngokuhlukahluka kwaso okucebile kwezinhlobo ezivela emndenini wase-Asia. I-Sumatra neKalimantan ziqhayisa ngezindawo zemvelo zamahlathi emvula eziyikhaya lezinhlobo ezihlukile njenge-orangutan, ihlosi laseSumatran, kanye nobhejane baseSumatran. Ihlosi laseSumatran (i-Panthera tigris sumatrae) liyinhlobo yehlosi etholakala kuphela esiqhingini saseSumatra futhi libhalwe njengohlobo olusengozini yokuqothulwa.
Naphezu kwengcindezi enkulu yabantu, iJava isalokhu iyikhaya lezinhlobo eziningana ezibalulekile, okuhlanganisa ingwe yaseJavani kanye ne-banteng. Ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo kulesi sifunda esisentshonalanga kubhekene nezinsongo ezinkulu ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukuzingela ngokungemthetho, kanye nokuguqulwa komhlaba ube yizindawo zokutshala.
Izilwane Ezihlala Esifundazweni Esiphakathi
Isifunda esimaphakathi sase-Indonesia sihlanganisa iziqhingi ezifana neSulawesi neMaluku. ISulawesi ingenye yeziqhingi ezihlukile kakhulu emhlabeni ngokwezinhlobonhlobo zayo. Inezinhlobo eziningi ezitholakala kalula, okuhlanganisa ama-babirusa, ama-anoas, nama-tarsier. Izilwane ezihlukile zaseSulawesi zibangelwa kakhulu ukuhlukaniswa kwazo ngokwendawo kanye nomlando oyinkimbinkimbi we-geology.
IziQhingi zaseMaluku, ezaziwa nangokuthi "iziQhingi zeSpice," ziziqhenya ngokuhlukahluka kwezilwane okuthakazelisayo ngokulinganayo. Ziyikhaya lezinyoni ezitholakala kalula njengeMoluccan cockatoo kanye nenyoni yepharadesi.
Izilwane Ezihlala Esifundazweni Esisempumalanga
IPapua neziqhingi ezizungezile zakha ingxenye yempumalanga ye-Indonesia, enezixhumanisi ze-biogeographic ne-Australia. IPapua inezindawo zemvelo ezahlukahlukene, kusukela ezindaweni ezisogwini kuya ezintabeni zase-alpine, esekela izinkulungwane zezinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane. IPapua iyikhaya lezinyoni ezingavamile zasepharadesi, ama-cuscuses, nama-kangaroo ezihlahla, konke okutholakala kuphela kulesi sifunda.
Iziqhingi zaseNusa Tenggara nazo zinezilwane ezihlukile. Ama-Komodo dragons, izibankwa ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, atholakala eziqhingini ezimbalwa kuphela esifundeni, okuhlanganisa iKomodo, iRinca, kanye neFlores. Ama-Komodo dragons abe uphawu lwemizamo yokulondolozwa kwezilwane ephumelelayo yase-Indonesia.
Izinsongo kanye nezinselele
Naphezu kokuhlukahluka kwezilwane e-Indonesia, izwe libhekene nezinselele eziningi zokulondolozwa kwemvelo kanye nokuphathwa kwezinsiza. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okukhulu, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokwandiswa kwamasimu esundu kawoyela kanye nokwamukelwa kwezihlahla, kuye kwasongela izindawo zokuhlala zezinhlobo eziningi. Ukuzingela ngokungekho emthethweni kanye nokuhweba ngezilwane zasendle okungekho emthethweni nakho kuyisongo esikhulu ekuqhubekeni kwezilwane zasendle zase-Indonesia.
Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke kwenza isimo sibe sibi kakhulu ngokuphazamisa ibhalansi yezindawo zemvelo. Ukwenyuka kwamazinga okushisa kanye nokushintsha kwamaphethini emvula kunamandla okuphazamisa izindawo zemvelo zemvelo, izindawo zokuhlala ezisongelayo kanye nezinhlobo ezithembele kuzo.
Imizamo Yokulondoloza Nokuvikela
Eqaphela izinselele, uhulumeni wase-Indonesia, kanye nezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe, ama-NGO, kanye nemiphakathi yasendaweni, bayaqhubeka nokwenza imizamo eyahlukahlukene yokuvikela ukuhlukahluka kwezilwane. Ukusungulwa kwamapaki kazwelonke nezindawo zokulondolozwa kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuvikeleni izindawo zokuhlala ezibalulekile zezinhlobo eziningi. I-Indonesia inamapaki kazwelonke angu-54, ahlanganisa i-Ujung Kulon, i-Way Kambas, ne-Lorentz, ahlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kwezinhlobo ezisengozini.
Imfundo kanye nokuqwashisa umphakathi nakho kuyizinto ezibalulekile ezizogxilwa kuzo ukuze imiphakathi yendawo ikwazi ukudlala indima ebonakalayo emizamweni yokonga. Izinhlelo zokuvakasha kwezemvelo nazo ziyathuthukiswa ukuze kuhlinzekwe izinzuzo zomnotho emiphakathini yendawo futhi kukhuthazwe ukuvikelwa kwemvelo.
Ukubambisana kwesifunda kanye nokwamazwe ngamazwe nakho kuyaqhubeka nokuthuthukiswa ukuze kuxazululwe ukushushumbiswa kwezilwane zasendle. Ukuqiniswa komthetho okuqinile kanye nokuqapha okwengeziwe emachwebeni nasezikhumulweni zezindiza kuyizingxenye ezibalulekile zesu lokulwa nokuhweba ngezilwane zasendle okungekho emthethweni.
Isiphetho
Ukusatshalaliswa kwezilwane zase-Indonesia kungenye yezici ezimangalisa kakhulu zokuceba kwemvelo kwezwe. Ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo ezitholakala esiqhingini ngasinye kumelela ingcebo yemvelo okumele ivikelwe futhi ilondolozwe. Ngemizamo yokulondolozwa eqhubekayo, i-Indonesia izibophezele ekuvikeleni ifa layo lemvelo ezizukulwaneni ezizayo. Kodwa-ke, le mizamo idinga ukwesekwa yibo bonke abathintekayo, okuhlanganisa uhulumeni, imiphakathi yasendaweni, kanye nomphakathi wamazwe omhlaba, ukubhekana nezinsongo nezinselelo ezikhona. Ngokubambisana okuqinile, singaqinisekisa ukuthi izilwane ezicebile zase-Indonesia zihlala ziyingxenye ebalulekile yesimiso semvelo somhlaba wonke.
