Ukusetshenziswa kwesimiso kanye nesibalo sikaBernoulli
Ithiyori kaTorriceli
Okunye ukusetshenziswa kwe-equation kaBernoulli ukubala isivinini soketshezi oluphuma phansi kwesitsha.
Sisebenzisa i-equation kaBernoulli ephuzwini 1 (ubuso besitsha) kanye nephuzu 2 (ubuso bomgodi). Njengoba ububanzi bomgodi ongaphansi kwesitsha buncane kakhulu kunobubanzi besitsha, ijubane loketshezi ebusweni besitsha licatshangwa ukuthi liyi-zero (v 1 = 0). Ubuso besitsha kanye nobuso bomgodi kuvulekile ukuze ingcindezi ilingane nengcindezi yomoya (P 1 = P 2 ). Ngakho-ke, i-equation kaBernoulli yalesi simo ithi:
Uma sifuna ukubala isivinini sokugeleza koketshezi emgodini ongaphansi kwesitsha, khona-ke lesi sibalo sishintshwa sibe:
Ngokwalesi sibalo, izinga lokugeleza kwamanzi ngembobo ebangeni elingu-h ukusuka ebusweni besitsha lilingana nezinga lokugeleza kwamanzi awela ngokukhululeka ebangeni elingu-h (qhathanisa ne-Free Fall Motion). Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi yi- Torricelli's Theorem . Le theorem yatholwa nguTorricelli, umfundi kaGallileo, ikhulu leminyaka ngaphambi kokuba uBernoulli athole isibalo sakhe.
Umphumela we-Venturi
Ngaphezu kwethiyori kaTorricelli, isibalo sikaBernoulli singasetshenziswa nakwezinye izimo ezikhethekile, okungukuthi lapho uketshezi lugeleza ezingxenyeni zamapayipi ezicishe zibe ukuphakama okufanayo (umehluko omncane wokuphakama). Ukuze uqonde... ipenijNgenxa yalesi sizathu, bheka isithombe. 
Esithombeni esingenhla, kubonakala sengathi ukuphakama kwepayipi, kokubili ingxenye enesigaba esikhulu kanye nengxenye enesigaba esincane, kucishe kufane, ngakho kubhekwa njengokuphakama okufanayo. Uma kusetshenziswa kulesi simo, isibalo sikaBernoulli siyashintsha sibe:
Uma uketshezi ludlula engxenyeni yepayipi enengxenye encane enqamulayo (A2), khona-ke ijubane loketshezi liyakhuphuka. Ngokusho komgomo kaBernoulli, uma ijubane loketshezi likhuphuka, ingcindezi yoketshezi iyancipha. Ingcindezi yoketshezi engxenyeni encane yepayipi incane kodwa izinga lokugeleza koketshezi likhulu.
Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi umphumela we-Venturi futhi kubonisa ngobuningi ukuthi uma izinga lokugeleza koketshezi liphezulu, ingcindezi yoketshezi izoba phansi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma izinga lokugeleza koketshezi liphansi, ingcindezi yoketshezi izoba phezulu.
Imitha ye-Venturi
Ukusetshenziswa okuthakazelisayo komphumela we-venturi yi-venturi meter. Leli thuluzi lisetshenziselwa ukukala amazinga okugeleza koketshezi, njengokubala izinga lokugeleza kwamanzi noma uwoyela ngepayipi. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamamitha e-venturi: lawo angenayo i-manometer kanye nalawo asebenzisa i-manometer egcwele olunye uketshezi, njenge-mercury. Isimiso sokusebenza sifana.
Imitha yeVenturi ngaphandle kwe-manometer
Isithombe esingezansi sibonisa imitha ye-venturi esetshenziselwa ukukala izinga lokugeleza koketshezi epayipini.
Uma uketshezi ludlula engxenyeni yepayipi enengxenye encane enqamulayo (A 2 ), ijubane loketshezi liyakhuphuka. Ngokusho komgomo kaBernoulli, uma ijubane loketshezi likhuphuka, ingcindezi yoketshezi iba ncane. Ngakho-ke ingcindezi yoketshezi engxenyeni enkulu enqamulayo inkulu kunengcindezi yoketshezi engxenyeni encane enqamulayo (P 1 > P 2 ). Ngokuphambene nalokho, v 2 > v 1
Okufunwayo izinga lokugeleza koketshezi engxenyeni enkulu (v 1 ). Sifaka u-v 2 esikhundleni se-equation 1 ku-v 2 esikhundleni se-equation 2.
Ukuze ubale ingcindezi yoketshezi ekujuleni okuthile, sebenzisa i-equation:
p = ρ gh → Isibalo a
Uma umehluko wobuningi boketshezi umncane kakhulu, sebenzisa lesi sibalo ukuze uthole umehluko wokucindezela ezindaweni eziphakeme ezahlukene. Ngakho-ke, isibalo u-a singashintshwa sibe:
Δ p = ρ g Δh
Kulesi simo esingenhla, lesi sibalo singashintshwa sibe:
p 1 − p 2 = ρ gh → Isibalo b
Manje sithatha indawo ka-p 1 - p 2 ku-equation 3, bese kuthi u-p 1 - p 2 ku-equation b:
Njengoba uketshezi lufana, ubuningi kumele bufane. Susa u-ρ ku-equation.
Ipayipi le-Pitot
Uma kusetshenziswa i-venturi meter ukukala izinga lokugeleza koketshezi, khona-ke ithubhu le-pitot lisetshenziswa ukukala izinga lokugeleza kwamagesi noma umoya. Imbobo esephuzwini 1 ihambisana nokugeleza komoya. Indawo yalezi zimbobo ezimbili yenziwe kude kakhulu ne- 
ukuphela kwepayipi le-pitot, ukuze isivinini kanye nokucindezela komoya ongaphandle kwembobo kufane nesivinini kanye nokucindezela komoya ogeleza ngokukhululeka. Kulesi simo, v1 = izinga lokugeleza komoya okukhululekile (yilokhu esizokukala) kanye nengcindezi emlenzeni wesobunxele we-manometer (ipayipi lesobunxele) = ingcindezi yomoya okukhululekile (P1).
Imbobo eholela emlenzeni wesokudla we-manometer iqonde ngqo ekugelezeni komoya. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokugeleza komoya ngale mbobo (ingxenye ephakathi) liyancipha futhi umoya uyama lapho ufika endaweni yesi-2. Kulesi simo, v 2 = 0. Ingcindezi emlenzeni wesokudla we-manometer ilingana nengcindezi yomoya endaweni yesi-2 (P 2 ). Ukuphakama kwamaphuzu 1 no-2 kucishe kufane (umehluko awukhulu kakhulu) ngakho-ke unganganakwa.
Umehluko wokucindezela (P 2 - P 1 ) = ingcindezi ye-hydrostatic yoketshezi ku-manometer (umbala omnyama ku-manometer uketshezi, i-mercury). Ngokwezibalo, kungabhalwa kanje:
p 2 − p 1 = ρ ' gh → Isibalo 2
ρ' = ukuminyana koketshezi ku-manometer
Bheka i-equation 1 kanye ne-equation 2. Uhlangothi lwesobunxele lulingana no (P 2 - P 1 ). Ngakho-ke, i-equation 1 kanye no-2 zingashintshwa ukuze zibukeke kanje:
Isifutho Sephunga
Lokhu kuwukubuka konke okuvamile, nokho ifektri ngayinye inomklamo ohlukile.
Ngokuvamile, isimiso sokusebenza sesitshizi sephunga singachazwa kanje (ngenkathi ubheka isithombe). Lapho ibhola lerabha licindezelwa, umoya ongaphakathi kwebhola lerabha uphuma ngepayipi 1. Ngakho-ke, umoya okwipayipi 1 unesivinini esiphezulu. Ngenxa yokuthi isivinini somoya siphezulu, umfutho womoya okwipayipi 1 uba phansi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, umoya okwipayipi 2 unesivinini esiphansi. Umfutho womoya okwipayipi 2 uphakeme. Ngenxa yalokho, uketshezi lwephunga lusunduzelwa phezulu. Lapho uketshezi lwephunga lufika epayipini 1, umoya ophuma ngaphakathi kwebhola lerabha uyalusunduza… Uketshezi lwephunga ekugcineni luyafafaza, lumanzise umzimba…
Ngokuvamile izimbobo zincane, ngakho-ke iphunga liyaphuma ngokushesha.
Phuza nge-pipette noma i-siphon
Wake waphuza itiye elibandayo noma isiraphu usebenzisa i-pipette? Uma simunca noma simunca amanzi sisebenzisa i-pipette, empeleni senza umoya osepipette unyakaze ngokushesha. Kulokhu, umoya osepipette onamathele emlonyeni wethu unesivinini esiphezulu. Ngenxa yalokho, umfutho womoya engxenyeni ye-pipette uba phansi. Umoya engxenyeni ye-pipette eseduze nesiphuzo unesivinini esiphansi. Ngenxa yokuthi isivinini sawo siphansi, umfutho uba mkhulu. Lo mehluko womfutho womoya yiwona owenza amanzi noma isiphuzo esisiphuzayo sigeleze emlonyeni wethu. Kulokhu, uketshezi lusuka engxenyeni ye-pipette enomfutho womoya ophezulu luye engxenyeni ye-pipette enomfutho womoya ophansi.
Ushimney
Wake wayibona ishimini? Uma uhlala edolobheni elifana neSurabaya, iSemarang, iJakarta, njll., cishe uke wayibona ishimini yasefektri. Kungani intuthu ikhuphuka ngeshimini? Okokuqala, intuthu evela ekushiseni iyashisa. Ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu, ubuningi bomoya buphansi. Umoya onobukhulu obuphansi uyantanta kalula, noma ukhuphuke. Lesi akusona ukuphela kwesizathu... Isimiso sikaBernoulli naso siyabandakanyeka.
Okwesibili, isimiso sikaBernoulli sithi uma izinga lokugeleza komoya liphezulu, ingcindezi iphansi, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho, uma izinga lokugeleza komoya liphansi, ingcindezi iphakeme. Ingxenye ephezulu yeshimini ingaphandle. Kukhona umoya ovunguzayo phezulu kweshimini, ngakho ingcindezi yomoya ezungezile iphansi. Ngaphakathi kwegumbi elivaliwe, akukho moya ovunguzayo, ngakho ingcindezi yomoya iphakeme. Ngakho-ke, intuthu iqondiswa ngaphandle ngeshimini. Umoya uhamba usuka ezindaweni ezinomoya ovunguzayo uye ezindaweni ezinomoya ovunguzayo ophansi.
Amagundane nawo ayazi isimiso sikaBernoulli
Bheka isithombe esingezansi. Isithombe somgodi wegundane emhlabathini. Amagundane nawo ayasiqonda isimiso sikaBernoulli.
i. Amagundane ayengafuni ukufa ngenxa yokufutha umoya, ngakho-ke agubha imigodi emibili ezindaweni eziphakeme ezihlukene. Ngenxa yomehluko ezingeni lomhlabathi, umoya wawucindezelwa komunye nomunye. Kufana namanzi ageleza esuka epayipini elinengxenye enkulu ewela epayipini elinengxenye encane ewela. Ngenxa yokuchotshozwa, ijubane lomoya liyakhuphuka futhi umfutho womoya uyancipha.
Ngenxa yomehluko womfutho womoya, umoya uphoqeleka ukuthi ugeleze ngembobo yegundane. Umoya ugeleza usuka ezindaweni ezinomfutho womoya ophezulu uye ezindaweni ezinomfutho womoya ophansi.
Ibutho Lokuphakamisa Izindiza
Esinye sezici ezivumela izindiza ukuthi zindiza ukuthi zibe khona amaphiko. Amaphiko ezindiza agobile, kanti ingxenye engaphambili ikhuluphele kuneyangemuva. Lesi simo sephiko sibizwa ngokuthi i-aerofoil. Lo mbono ukopishwe emaphikweni ezinyoni, nawo anomumo ofanayo (ingxenye engaphambili egobile nekhulu). Umehluko ukuthi amaphiko ezinyoni angashaywa, kanti amaphiko ezindiza awakwazi. Izinyoni zingabhabha ngoba zishaya amaphiko azo, zidala ukugeleza komoya odlula kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zamaphiko. Ukuze umoya ugeleze phezu kwezinhlangothi zombili zamaphiko endiza, indiza kumele iqhutshwe phambili. Abantu basebenzisa izinjini ukuhambisa izindiza.
Ingaphambili lephiko lenzelwe ukugoba liye phezulu. Umoya ogeleza usuka ngaphansi uhlangana nomlingani wawo ngaphezulu, kufana namanzi ageleza esuka epayipini elinengxenye enkulu ewela uye epayipini elinengxenye encane ewela. Ngenxa yalokho, ijubane lomoya ngaphezu kwephiko liyakhuphuka. Ngenxa yokuthi ijubane lomoya liyakhuphuka, ingcindezi yomoya iyancipha. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ijubane lokugeleza komoya ngaphansi kwephiko liphansi ngoba umoya awugcwele kakhulu (ingcindezi yomoya inkulu). Lo mehluko wengcindezi ubangela ukuba amaphiko endiza asunduzelwe phezulu.
Isimiso sikaBernoulli siyinto eyodwa kuphela ebangela ukuba indiza iphakame. Esinye isici umfutho. Ngokuvamile, amaphiko endiza athambekele kancane phezulu. Umoya oshaya ngaphansi kwephiko uphambuka phansi. Ngenxa yokuthi izindiza zinamaphiko amabili, elinye ngakwesobunxele nelinye ngakwesokudla, umoya ophambukayo uyashayisana. Ushintsho emsindweni wama-molecule omoya ashayisanayo luveza ukuphakama okwengeziwe.
Ngenxa yokuthi iphiko ligoba liye phansi emsileni, umoya uphoqwa yiphiko ukuthi ugeleze phansi. Ngokusho koMthetho Wesithathu kaNewton, wonke amandla esenzo anamandla okusabela. Ngenxa yokuthi iphiko liphoqa umoya phansi, umoya kumele uphoqe iphiko phezulu. Kulokhu, umoya uphakamisa iphiko. Ngakho-ke, isimiso sikaBernoulli akuyona yodwa into ebangela ukuba indiza iphakame.
Abadobi nabo bayayazi isimiso sikaBernoulli
Wake wahamba ngesikebhe sokuhamba ngomkhumbi? Abadobi bayazi nokuthi isimiso sikaBernoulli sisebenza kanjani 😉
