# Umlando Wezimiso Zokuziphatha Zika-Immanuel Kant Ze-Deontological
U-Immanuel Kant, isazi sefilosofi saseJalimane esazalwa ngo-Ephreli 22, 1724, eKönigsberg (manje eyiKaliningrad, eRussia), ungomunye wabacabangi abanethonya elikhulu emlandweni wefilosofi yaseNtshonalanga. Omunye weminikelo emikhulu kaKant kwaba ukuthuthukiswa kwakhe kwemfundiso yokuziphatha ye-deontological, eyethula umbono wokuziphatha ohluke kakhulu kwababengaphambi kwakhe futhi usalokhu uxoxwa namuhla. Kulesi sihloko, sizobukeza umlando wokuziphatha kukaKant kwe-deontological, izimiso zakhe eziyisisekelo, kanye nomthelela wawo kwifilosofi yokuziphatha yanamuhla.
## Isizinda Somlando kanye Nomongo
UKant waphila ngesikhathi esaziwa ngokuthi yi-Enlightenment, isikhathi lapho imicabango nesayensi enengqondo yaqala ukuthatha indawo yezinkolelo zendabuko kanye nemfundiso yenkolo. Kulesi simo, abacabangi abaningi bafuna isisekelo esisha sezimiso zokuziphatha ezazizokwamukeleka engqondweni yomuntu. UKant, ekufuneni kwakhe isisekelo esiqinile sokuziphatha, wenqaba ukulandelana kwezenzo, umbono owahlulela ukuziphatha kwezenzo ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yazo.
## Ukugxekwa Kwabanduleli: Utilitarianism
Ngaphambi kukaKant, enye yemibono yokuziphatha evelele kakhulu kwakuyi-utilitarianism, eyaphakanyiswa nguJeremy Bentham noJohn Stuart Mill . I-Utilitarianism ithi isenzo silungile uma siveza injabulo enkulu kubantu abaningi. Kodwa-ke, uKant wabona iphutha elikhulu kulo mbono: waphikisana ngokuthi i-utilitarianism ingathethelela izenzo ezingalungile ngokwemvelo uma ziveza imiphumela emihle.
Isibonelo, uma ukuqamba amanga kungasindisa izimpilo eziningi, i-utilitarianism ingaphikisana ngokuthi ukuqamba amanga kuyisenzo esifanele. UKant wenqaba lo mbono, ethi izenzo zokuziphatha kufanele zahlulelwe ngokusekelwe ezimisweni eziphelele, hhayi emiphumeleni yazo.
## Izimiso Eziyinhloko Zokuziphatha Kwe-Deontological KaKant
UKant wethula umqondo wokuthi ukuziphatha kusekelwe ezimisweni ze-deontological, okungukuthi izibopho noma imithetho. Wethula umqondo we-"Categorical Imperative" njengento ebalulekile ekuziphatheni kwakhe kwe-deontological. UKant unikeza izindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-Categorical Imperative :
1. Ifomula Yomthetho Wendawo Yonke
"Yenza kuphela lezo zimiso (izimiso) ongazisebenzisa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuze zibe yimithetho yendawo yonke." Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngaphambi kokuba wenze isenzo, kufanele ucabangele ukuthi lesi simiso sesenzo singasetshenziswa yini ngokuqhubekayo yiwo wonke umuntu ngaphandle kokuphikisana.
2. Ifomula Yokugcina Ngokwayo
“Zenzeni ngendlela yokuthi niphathe ubuntu, kokubili kini nakwabanye, njalo njengenhloso hhayi nje indlela.” Lokhu kusho ukuthi kumelwe sihloniphe ukubaluleka komuntu ngamunye njengomuntu futhi singabaphathi nje njengendlela yokufeza izinjongo zethu.
3. Ifomula Yokuzimela
“Zenze ngendlela yokuthi ngezimiso zakho nibe ngabameli bomthetho wokuziphatha womhlaba wonke.” UKant wagcizelela ukuthi abantu ngabanye bangabenzi bemithetho yokuziphatha ngokwabo, uma nje le mithetho yamukeleka kuwo wonke umuntu.
## Ukugxekwa Kwezimiso Zokuziphatha ZikaKant
Njengazo zonke izinkolelo-mbono zefilosofi, izimiso zokuziphatha zikaKant ze-deontological ziye zagxekwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ezinye zezigxeko eziyinhloko eziphakanyisiwe zifaka:
1. Ukuqina Kokuziphatha
Abagxeki abaningi bathi ukuziphatha kukaKant kuqinile kakhulu futhi akuvumeli ukuguquguquka ezimweni zokuziphatha eziyinkimbinkimbi. Isibonelo, ezimweni ezihilela ukuqamba amanga ukuze kusindiswe izimpilo, ukuziphatha kukaKant kuphikisa ngokuqinile ukuqamba amanga, yize kungase kuholele emphumeleni ongcono.
2. Ubunzima Ekusetshenzisweni
Kukhona nokugxekwa kokuthi indlela kaKant esetshenziswa ngayo kunzima ukuyisebenzisa empilweni yangempela. Isimiso somthetho wendawo yonke singaba nzima ukusisebenzisa ngoba kunzima ukunquma ukuthi isenzo esithile singasetshenziswa yini njengomthetho wendawo yonke ngaphandle kokukhetha.
3. Ukufinyeza Okudlulele
Abanye abagxeki bathi ukuziphatha kukaKant kuvame ukuba yinto engaqondakali futhi akunaki kangako umongo othize wezimo zokuziphatha. Lokhu kwenza umbono wakhe ungabalulekile kangako ezimweni ezingokoqobo emhlabeni wangempela.
## Ithonya Lezimiso Zokuziphatha ZikaKant
Naphezu kwalokhu kugxekwa, ukuziphatha kukaKant kwe-deontological kube nethonya elikhulu kwifilosofi yokuziphatha yanamuhla kanye nokuziphatha. Ezinye izindawo zethonya layo zifaka:
1. Amalungelo abantu
Imibono kaKant ngokubaluleka kokuphatha abantu njengezinjongo hhayi nje izindlela ithonye umqondo wanamuhla wamalungelo abantu. Isimiso sokuthi wonke umuntu unesithunzi nokubaluleka okumele kuhlonishwe sakha isisekelo semibhalo eminingi yamalungelo abantu emhlabeni wonke.
2. Ithiyori Yesibopho Sobungcweti
Izimiso zokuziphatha zikaKant ze-deontological zithonye ukuthuthukiswa kwezimiso zokuziphatha emisebenzini eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa ezokwelapha, ezomthetho, kanye nebhizinisi. Izimiso ezinjengobuqotho, ukwethembeka, kanye nokuhlonipha isithunzi somuntu ngamunye ziyingxenye ebalulekile yezimiso zokuziphatha eziningi zobungcweti.
3. Ithiyori Yenkontileka Yezenhlalo
Umqondo wabantu ngabanye njengabameli babo bokuziphatha uye waba negalelo embonweni wezinkontileka zomphakathi kwifilosofi yezepolitiki. Ubeka isisekelo somqondo wokuthi umphakathi kufanele usekelwe ekuvumelaneni futhi uphathe amalungu awo njengabantu abanamalungelo nesithunzi.
## Isiphetho
Izimiso zokuziphatha zika-Immanuel Kant ze-deontology zisalokhu zingenye yezinkolelo-mbono zokuziphatha ezinethonya kakhulu futhi ezixoxwa ngazo kwifilosofi. Naphezu kokugxekwa nezinselele, izimiso eziyisisekelo zikaKant zesibopho sokuziphatha, ukuzimela, kanye nokuhlonipha isithunzi somuntu ziyaqhubeka nokuba yisisekelo esibalulekile ezingxoxweni zokuziphatha zanamuhla. Umnikelo wakhe ekuhlukaniseni ukuziphatha nemiphumela nje, ngenkathi egcizelela ukubaluleka kwezimiso zomhlaba wonke kanye nenhlonipho kumuntu ngamunye, wenza izimiso zakhe zokuziphatha ze-deontology zibe wusizo futhi zibalulekile ekuqondeni nasekuphishekeleni ukuziphatha emphakathini wanamuhla.
Ngokugcizelela kwakhe izimiso eziphelele nezijwayelekile, uKant wanikeza isisekelo esiqinile sokufuna incazelo yokuziphatha kanye neyokuziphatha esenzweni somuntu. Ifa lakhe, kokubili kwifilosofi kanye nemikhuba yokuziphatha yansuku zonke, liyaqhubeka nokubumba imibono yethu yokuthi kufanele siphile futhi sisebenzisane kanjani ezweni eliyinkimbinkimbi futhi elivame ukuba nezinselele.
