Ukubaluleka Kwefilosofi Emfundweni
Imfundo ayiyona nje indaba yokudlulisela ulwazi kusuka kuthisha kuya kumfundi. Iphakamisa imibuzo eyisisekelo: kungani abantu befunda, yiziphi izindinganiso okufanele zithuthukiswe, yimaphi amakhono kanye nobuntu okufanele buthuthukiswe, nokuthi inqubo yokufunda kufanele iqhubeke kanjani. Le mibuzo ayinakuphendulwa ngezindlela zokufundisa noma izinhlelo zobuchwepheshe. Yilapho ifilosofi idlala khona indima ebalulekile. Ifilosofi isiza imfundo ukuqonda imigomo yayo, ihlole isiqondiso sayo senqubomgomo, futhi iqinisekise ukuthi inqubo yokufunda ihlala inobuntu futhi inenjongo.
1. Ifilosofi njengesisekelo semigomo yemfundo
Zonke izinhlelo zemfundo zinemigomo, ecacile nengacacile. Ezinye zigcizelela impumelelo yezemfundo, ezinye zigxila emakhonweni emisebenzi, kanti ezinye zibeka ukuthuthukiswa kobuntu endaweni ebalulekile. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kwesisekelo sefilosofi, le migomo ingafihlwa noma imane isabele ezidingweni zesikhathi. Ifilosofi inikeza uhlaka lokunquma ukuthi yini ebhekwa "njengenhle" kubantu nasemphakathini.
Isibonelo, uma imfundo iqondwa ukuthi ihlangabezana nezidingo zemakethe yemisebenzi kuphela, khona-ke abafundi bangase baphathwe "njengezindlela zokukhiqiza" ezilinganiswa kuphela ngokukhiqiza kwabo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma imfundo yakhelwe embonweni wobuntu, khona-ke izikole ziqondwa njengezindawo zokuthuthukiswa komuntu wonke—ukuqonda, ukuziphatha, ezenhlalo, ngokomzwelo, nangokomoya. Ifilosofi isisiza ukuba sikhethe isiqondiso: ingabe imfundo imane nje yenzelwe ukukhiqiza abasebenzi, noma ingabe ingeyokuthuthukisa abantu abacabanga ngokuzimela futhi abanomthwalo wemfanelo.
2. Nikeza isisekelo sezindinganiso kanye nokuziphatha okuhle emfundweni
Imfundo ihlala ihlotshaniswa nezindinganiso: ukwethembeka, isiyalo, ukubekezelelana, ubulungiswa, ukusebenza kanzima, kanye nokuhlonipha abanye. Kodwa-ke, izindinganiso aziveli ngokuzenzakalelayo ngoba zibhalwe eziqulweni zesikole noma ezincwadini zezifundo. Ifilosofi, ikakhulukazi izimiso zokuziphatha, isiza imfundo ukuchaza ukuthi kungani izindinganiso zibalulekile, ukuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani, nokuthi zingaxazululwa kanjani izingxabano zezindinganiso ezivame ukuvela empilweni yangempela.
Isibonelo, lapho kuvela inkinga phakathi "kokwethembeka" kanye "nokwethembeka kobungane" (isib. ukukopela noma ukufihla iphutha lomngane), abafundi kudingeka bafunde ukulinganisa izizathu zokuziphatha, hhayi nje ukwesaba isijeziso. Ngendlela yefilosofi, imfundo ikhuthaza abafundi ukuba bacabange ngokujulile ngemiphumela, izimiso, kanye nezindinganiso zabantu. Lokhu kukhuthaza ukuqwashisa ngokuziphatha okuvuthiwe kunokulandela imithetho nje.
3. Thuthukisa amakhono okucabanga abucayi futhi acabange ngokuzindla
Enye yeminikelo emikhulu yefilosofi emfundweni ukuthuthukiswa kokucabanga okujulile. Ukucabanga okujulile akusho ukuphikisana, kodwa kunalokho ikhono lokubuza imibuzo, ukuhlola izizathu, ukuhlola ubufakazi, nokufinyelela iziphetho ezifanele. Enkathini yolwazi egcwele amanga, i-propaganda, kanye nemibono eminingi, leli khono libalulekile.
Ifilosofi ifundisa imikhuba yobuhlakani njengokuhlukanisa iqiniso nemibono, ukuqaphela amaphutha anengqondo, ukuqonda izinkolelo ezifihliwe, nokuhlola izimpikiswano ngokunengqondo. Uma abafundi bejwayele ukucabanga okucabangayo, ngeke bathonywe kalula ulwazi olusabalele, bangahluleli kakhulu, futhi bazokwazi ukuxoxisana kahle. Ngakho-ke, ifilosofi isekela imfundo ekukhiqizeni izakhamuzi ezihlakaniphile nezivuthiwe.
4. Ukuba yisiqondiso ekukhetheni izindlela zokufunda nezindlela
Ifilosofi yezemfundo ayigcini nje ngokubhekana nemigomo kodwa futhi ithonya izindlela zemfundo. Izikole ezahlukahlukene zefilosofi yezemfundo—njenge-idealism, i-realism, i-pragmatism, i-existentialism, kanye ne-progressivism—ziqondisa indlela othisha ababheka ngayo abafundi kanye nenqubo yokufunda.
Uma uthisha enombono wenqubekela phambili, isibonelo, cishe uzogcizelela ukufunda okusebenzayo, ukuxazulula izinkinga, amaphrojekthi okubambisana, kanye nokuxhumana kwangempela. Uma enombono we-essentialist, angase agcizelele kakhulu ekuqondeni ulwazi oluyisisekelo kanye nesiyalo sokufunda esiqinile. Ayikho indlela eyodwa efanele zonke izimo, kodwa ifilosofi isiza othisha ukuqonda isizathu semikhuba yabo. Ngale ndlela, izindlela zokufundisa azilandeli nje izitayela kodwa kunalokho zithatha izinqumo eziqondakalayo ezilungiselelwe umongo womfundi.
5. Ukugcina imfundo inobuntu phakathi kwezingcindezi zanamuhla
Imfundo yanamuhla ivame ukuba ngaphansi kwengcindezi: imigomo yamamaki, amazinga, izivivinyo ezijwayelekile, ukuncintisana kokungena ezikoleni eziphezulu, izidingo zamakhono omsebenzi, ngisho nokukhathazeka kwabazali. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, imfundo isengozini yokulahlekelwa umphefumulo wayo. Izikole zingaba "izimboni zamamaki" ezilinganisa impumelelo ngokusekelwe kuphela ezinombolweni. Ngenxa yalokho, abafundi basengozini yokucindezeleka, balahlekelwa ilukuluku labo, futhi babheka ukufunda njengomthwalo.
Ifilosofi isebenza njengesikhumbuzo sokuthi imfundo kumele yenze abantu babe ngabantu. Ifundisa ukuthi abafundi abazona nje izinto zokuhlolwa, kodwa kunalokho bangabantu abanesithunzi, amandla, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kokuphila. Ngesisekelo esiqinile sefilosofi, izikole zingalinganisela izidingo zemfundo nenhlalakahle yengqondo, izidingo zamakhono nokuthuthukiswa kobuntu, kanye nempumelelo yomuntu ngamunye nokwazi umphakathi.
6. Kusiza ukuqonda ukuthi ungubani, incazelo yokuphila, kanye nemigomo yokufunda
Wonke umfundi ekugcineni uzobhekana nemibuzo emikhulu: ngingubani, ngiyini amakhono ami, nginaziphi izindinganiso, futhi kungani ngifunda? Le mibuzo ivame ukuvela kakhulu ngesikhathi sobusha kanye nobudala bentsha. Imfundo egxile kuphela ekubambeni ngekhanda noma amakhono obuchwepheshe ivame ukungashiyi indawo yalokhu kufuna incazelo.
Lapha, ifilosofi, ikakhulukazi ifilosofi yobuntu kanye ne-existentialism, ingasiza abafundi baqonde inkululeko, umthwalo wemfanelo, kanye nokukhetha impilo. Imfundo enikeza isikhala sezingxoxo ezinengqondo—mayelana nenjongo yokuphila, incazelo yomsebenzi, ubudlelwano nabanye, kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo womphakathi—izokhiqiza abantu abakulungele kangcono impilo, hhayi nje izivivinyo.
7. Ifilosofi njengesisekelo sezinqubomgomo zemfundo ezifanele
Inqubomgomo yemfundo ayithathi hlangothi. Izinqumo mayelana nekharikhulamu, ukuhlolwa, ukwabiwa kwezindawo, ukuxhaswa kwezikole, kanye nokufinyelela ubuchwepheshe kuhlale kumayelana nokulingana. Ifilosofi yezepolitiki kanye nefilosofi yobulungiswa kusiza ekuchazeni imibuzo: ukuthi ubani ozuzayo kulolu hlelo, ukuthi ubani oshiywe ngemuva, nokuthi ungaluthuthukisa kanjani ukuze wonke umuntu abe nethuba elifanele.
Ngendlela yefilosofi, umphakathi ungahlola ukuthi imfundo iyabasekela yini abantu abasengozini, njengabafundi abasezindaweni ezikude, imindeni engenayo imali ephansi, noma izingane ezinezidingo ezikhethekile. Kuleli qophelo, ifilosofi isebenza njengesiqondiso sokuziphatha kuhulumeni kanye nezikhungo zemfundo, ibavimbele ekuweleni ezinqubweni ezizuzisa amaqembu athile kuphela.
Isiphetho
Ukubaluleka kwefilosofi emfundweni kusekukwazini kwayo ukunikeza isiqondiso, incazelo, kanye nokujula. Ifilosofi isiza imfundo ukwakha imigomo enengqondo, ukwakha isisekelo sezindinganiso, ukuhlakulela ukucabanga okujulile, ukukhetha izindlela ezifanele, ukuvikela ubuntu babafundi, nokuqondisa izinqubomgomo ezifanele. Ngaphandle kwefilosofi, imfundo iba lula inqubo yobuchwepheshe elahlekelwa yinjongo yayo. Ngefilosofi, imfundo iba inqubo yokuthuthukisa abantu abacabangayo, abanokuziphatha okuhle, nabakwaziyo ukuphila ngendlela enenjongo emphakathini oshintsha njalo.
Uma imfundo iwuhambo, khona-ke ifilosofi iyimephu yayo kanye nekhampasi. Ayithathi indawo yezinyathelo ezisebenzayo, kodwa kunalokho iqinisekisa ukuthi isinyathelo ngasinye sinesiqondiso esicacile nesibalulekile.
