IFILOSOFI

Iminikelo kaSpinoza Ekuziphatheni Kahle uBenedictus de Spinoza (1632–1677) ungomunye wezazi zefilosofi ezinethonya elikhulu emlandweni wemicabango yanamuhla. Uvame ukuxoxwa ngaye ngemibono yakhe ye-metaphysical—ikakhulukazi umbono wakhe wokuthi uNkulunkulu neMvelo bayinto eyodwa ngokuyisisekelo—kodwa iminikelo yakhe ekuziphatheni kahle nayo ayibalulekile kangako. Emsebenzini wakhe omkhulu, i-Ethica, ordine geometrico demonstrata (ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi i-Ethics), uSpinoza unikeza indlela yokuqonda… Funda kabanzi

Izimiso Zokuziphatha Zemvelo kanye Nefilosofi Yezemvelo Izingxoxo mayelana nenkinga yesimo sezulu, ukungcola, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukuqothulwa kwezinhlobo, kanye nezinhlekelele zemvelo zivame ukugxila kudatha kanye nezixazululo zobuchwepheshe: ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi, amandla avuselelekayo, ukuphinda kusetshenziswe, ukuphinda kusetshenziswe amahlathi, noma imithetho eqinisiwe. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kwalokhu kukhona umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu: kungani abantu bezizwa benelungelo lokuxhaphaza imvelo ngaphandle kwemingcele, futhi ngokusekelwe... Funda kabanzi

Iyini i-Analytic Philosophy? I-Analytic Philosophy ingenye yamasiko amakhulu kwifilosofi yanamuhla egcizelela ukucaca, ukuqina kwempikiswano, kanye nokuhlaziywa kolimi njengamathuluzi ayinhloko okuxazulula noma ukucacisa izinkinga zefilosofi. Leli siko lachuma ezweni elikhuluma isiNgisi—ikakhulukazi e-United Kingdom, e-United States, eCanada nase-Australia—futhi laba nethonya elikhulu emkhakheni wefilosofi yezemfundo ku… Funda kabanzi

Umqondo KaJohn Searle Wokuqonda Ukuqaphela kungenye yezinkinga eziyinselele kakhulu kwifilosofi yengqondo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-neuroscience kanye ne-psychology ziyaqhubeka nokuchaza izindlela zobuchopho ngokuningiliziwe; ngakolunye uhlangothi, okuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu—ukuthi kunjani ukubona obomvu, ukuzwa ubuhlungu, noma ukukhumbula ubuntwana—akubonakali kulula ukuncishiswa kube umsebenzi we-neuronal nje. Kule mpikiswano, uJohn Searle… Funda kabanzi

Indima Yefilosofi Ekuziphatheni Kwebhizinisi Ezweni lebhizinisi elisheshayo, izindlela zokulinganisa impumelelo zivame ukuncishiswa zibe izinombolo: ukukhula, isabelo semakethe, imali engenayo engenayo, kanye nokulinganisa. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwazo zonke lezi zinkomba kukhona umbuzo owodwa oyisisekelo izitatimende zezimali ezingenakuwuphendula: ingabe sifinyelela impumelelo indlela efanele? Yilapho ifilosofi iqala khona ukusebenza. Ifilosofi… Funda kabanzi

Umqondo We-Cosmology Kwefilosofi I-Cosmology, ngomqondo wayo obanzi, iwumzamo wokuqonda indawo yonke: imvelaphi yayo, isakhiwo, ukuhleleka, izinguquko ezenzeka kuyo, kanye nendawo yesintu kuleyo yonke. Kwisayensi yanamuhla, i-cosmology ivame ukubhekisela ekutadisheni okungokoqobo kwendawo yonke—isibonelo, ukwanda kwendawo yonke, udaba olumnyama, noma inkolelo-mbono ye-Big Bang. Kodwa-ke, kwifilosofi, i-cosmology… Funda kabanzi

I-Rationalism vs. I-Empiricism Impikiswano phakathi kwe-rationalism kanye ne-empiricism ingenye yezahluko ezichaza kakhulu emlandweni wefilosofi yolwazi (i-epistemology). Zombili zifuna ukuphendula umbuzo oyisisekelo: ulwazi oluthembekile luvelaphi? Kodwa-ke, zinikeza izimpendulo ezahlukene. I-Rationalism igcizelela indima yesizathu kanye nokucabanga njengomthombo oyinhloko wolwazi, kuyilapho i-empiricism igomela ukuthi okuhlangenwe nakho kwezinzwa... Funda kabanzi

Ukugxekwa Kokusetshenziswa Kobungcweti I-Utilitarianism ingenye yezinkolelo-mbono zokuziphatha ezinethonya elikhulu kwifilosofi yokuziphatha yanamuhla. Kalula nje, i-utilitarianism yahlulela ukulunga noma ukungalungi kwezenzo ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yazo: isenzo siwukuziphatha uma sikhiqiza okuhle noma injabulo enkulu kubantu abaningi. Lesi simiso sivame ukufingqwa ngesisho esithi “injabulo enkulu kakhulu enanini elikhulu.” Abantu ababalulekile njengoJeremy … Funda kabanzi

Ifilosofi YaseNtshonalanga vs. Ifilosofi YaseMpumalanga Izingxoxo mayelana nefilosofi YaseNtshonalanga neyaseMpumalanga zivame ukuqala ngomcabango wokuthi "ziphambene": iNtshonalanga ibhekwa njengenengqondo, ihlaziya, futhi igcizelela ukucabanga; kuyilapho iMpumalanga ibhekwa njengeqondakala kalula, engokomoya, futhi igcizelela ukuvumelana. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuhlukaniswa empeleni kuwukubuka konke okubanzi okusiza abaqalayo ukuqonda izitayela ezijwayelekile. Eqinisweni, isiko ngalinye lihlukahlukene kakhulu, lithonya omunye nomunye,... Funda kabanzi

Ukuqonda Ukuhlobana Kwezimilo Ukuhlobana kwezimilo kuwumbono kufilosofi yokuziphatha othi izahlulelo mayelana nokulungile nokungalungile, okuhle nokubi, azinazo izindinganiso eziphelele, ezisebenzayo emhlabeni wonke. Ngokusho kokuhlobana kwezimilo, isenzo singahlulelwa njengokuziphatha noma ukungabi nasimilo kuye ngomongo othize, njengamasiko, isiko, isimo, noma ukuvumelana komphakathi okwahlulelayo. Ngakho-ke, … Funda kabanzi