Izibonelo ezi-5 zokusebenzisa umthetho wokuqala we-thermodynamics ezinqubweni ze-isothermal (izinga lokushisa elihlala njalo)
1. Igrafu engezansi ikhombisa igesi efanelekile edlulayo inqubo ye-isothermal (indlela). Umsebenzi owenziwe yigesi enqubweni i-AB…
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Umsebenzi owenziwe = indawo engaphansi kwejika AB = indawo yonxantathu + indawo yonxantathu
W = [½ (8 x 10)5–4 x 105)(3-1)] + [4 x 105 (3-1)]
W = [½ (4 x 10)5)(2)] + [4 x 105 (2)]
W = [4 x 105] + [8 x 105]
W = 12 x 105 Joule
Umsebenzi owenziwe yigesi enqubweni ye-AB = 12 x 105 Joule
2. Umsebenzi owenziwe yi-ABC esezingeni elifanele ukwenziwa…
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I-Diketahui :
Ingcindezi 1 (P)1) = 10 x 105 N / m2
Ingcindezi 1 (P)1) = 5 x 105 N / m2
Umqulu 1 (V)1) = amalitha ama-10 = ama-dm ama-103 = 10 x10-3 m3
Umqulu 2 (V)2) = amalitha ama-30 = ama-dm ama-303 = 30 x 10-3 m3
Kubuziwe Umsebenzi owenziwe yigesi eqhubekayo ABC
Jawab :
Enqubweni ye-BC, ivolumu ihlala ingaguquki, ngakho-ke akukho msebenzi owenziwa yigesi. Igesi isebenza kuphela enqubweni ye-AB ngoba kukhona ushintsho enqubweni yevolumu. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi owenziwe yigesi enqubweni ye-ABC = umsebenzi owenziwe yigesi enqubweni ye-AB.
Umsebenzi owenziwe ngegesi = indawo engaphansi kwejika AB = indawo yonxantathu + indawo yonxantathu.
W = [½(10×105–5×105)(30-10)]+[5×105(30-10)]
W = [½ (5 x 10)5)(20)] + [5 x 105 (20)]
W = [(5 x 105)(10)] + [100 x 105]
W = [50 x 105]+ [100 x 105]
W = 150 x 105 Joule
W = 1,5 x 107 Joule
3. Igesi idlula enkambisweni ye-isothermal. Inani lokushisa okumele limuncwe ukuze igesi yenze umsebenzi wamaJoules angu-5000…
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I-Diketahui :
Umsebenzi (W) = ama-Joules angu-5000
Kubuziwe : Ukushisa kuthathwe (Q)
Jawab :
Inqubo ye-isothermal okukhulunywa ngayo kulo mbuzo iyinqubo ye-thermodynamic lapho izinga lokushisa lihlala lingaguquguquki. Ubuhlobo phakathi kwezinga lokushisa (T) kanye noshintsho lwamandla angaphakathi egesi buvezwa yi-equation elandelayo:
Uma izinga lokushisa lingaguquguquki, khona-ke ushintsho lokushisa luyi-zero. Ushintsho lokushisa luyi-zero, ngakho-ke, ushintsho lwamandla angaphakathi luyi-zero. Ukusebenzisa umthetho wokuqala we-thermodynamics kuveza imiphumela elandelayo.
Umthetho wokuqala we-thermodynamics :
Uma ushintsho lwamandla angaphakathi (U) luyi-zero khona-ke ukushisa (Q) okumuncwa yigesi kufana nomsebenzi owenziwe yigesi (W). Lapho igesi imunca ukushisa, igesi ithola amandla engeziwe futhi la mandla engeziwe asetshenziswa yigesi ukwenza umsebenzi.
Ngakho ukushisa okumuncwa yigesi = umsebenzi owenziwe yigesi = ama-Joules angu-5000.
4. Igrafu yokucindezela (P) ngokumelene nomthamo (V) wegesi edlula enkambisweni ye-isothermal iboniswe esithombeni esingezansi. Inani lokushisa elimuncwa yigesi enkambisweni i-AB…
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I-Diketahui :
Ingcindezi 1 (P)1) = 5 atm = 5 x 105 Pa
Ingcindezi 2 (P)2) = 10 atm = 10 x 105 Pa
Umqulu 1 (V)1= 2m3
Umqulu 2 (V)2= 6m3
Kubuziwe : Ukushisa (Q) kumuncwa yigesi enqubweni AB
Jawab :
I-Isothermal = izinga lokushisa elingaguquki. Uma izinga lokushisa lihlala lingaguquki, ushintsho lokushisa luyi-zero. Uma ushintsho lokushisa luyi-zero, ushintsho lwamandla angaphakathi luyi-zero. Ubudlelwano phakathi koshintsho lokushisa noshintsho lwamandla angaphakathi kugesi buvezwa yile sibalo esilandelayo:
Uma kusetshenziswa emthethweni wokuqala we-thermodynamics, kutholakala imiphumela elandelayo:
Uma ushintsho lokushisa luyi-zero, khona-ke ukushisa okumuncwa yigesi kulingana nomsebenzi owenziwe yigesi. Ukuze sithole ukushisa okumuncwa yigesi enqubweni ye-AB, sibala umsebenzi owenziwe yigesi ngokusekelwe kugrafu engenhla.
Umsebenzi owenziwe ngegesi = indawo engaphansi kwejika AB = indawo yonxantathu + indawo yonxantathu.
W = ½ (P2 - P1)(V)2 - V1) + P1(V2 - V1)
W = ½ (10 x 105 - 5 x 105)(6-2) + (5 x 105)(6-2)
W = ½ (5 x 105)(4) + (5 x 105)(4)
W = ½ (20 x 105) + (20 x 105)
W = (10 x 105) + (20 x 105)
W = 30 x 105 Joule
W = 30 atm
Ukushisa (Q) kumuncwa yigesi enqubweni AB = umsebenzi owenziwe yigesi enqubweni AB = 30 x 105 AmaJoule = ama-atmospheres angu-30.
5. Ku-thermodynamics, igesi efanelekile idlula enkambisweni ye-isothermal uma...
A. izinguquko esimweni segesi, izinga lokushisa lihlala lingaguquki
B. wonke ama-molecule ahamba ngesivinini esihlukile
C. Zonke izimo zegesi zihlala zishintsha izinga lokushisa
D. ku shu isivinini sama-molecule siphakeme
Umfutho wegesi kanye nomthamo akushintshi
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I-Isothermal noma i-isothermic kusho izinga lokushisa elingaguquki.
Impendulo efanele ngu-A.
