11 Izibonelo zemibuzo mayelana nokusetshenziswa komthetho wokuqala we-thermodynamics ezinqubweni ezahlukene ze-thermodynamic (i-isobaric, i-isothermal, i-isochoric)
1. Igrafu engezansi ikhombisa umjikelezo we-thermodynamic obonwa yigesi. Umsebenzi owenziwa yigesi enqubweni i-ABCD…
Ingxoxo
I-Diketahui :
Ingcindezi 1 (P)1) = 2 x 105 Pa
Ingcindezi 2 (P)2) = 4 x 105 Pa
Umqulu 1 (V)1= 1m3
Umqulu 2 (V)2= 3m3
Kubuziwe : Umsebenzi owenziwe yigesi enqubweni yomjikelezo we-ABCD
Jawab :
Umsebenzi owenziwe ngegesi = indawo yesikwele i-ABCD.
W = (P)2 - P1)(V)2 - V1)
W = (4 x 105 - 2 x 105)(3 – 1)
W = (2 x 105)(2)
W = 4 x 105 Joule
Umsebenzi owenziwe yigesi enqubweni yomjikelezo we-ABCD u-4 x 105 UJoule.
2. Umsebenzi owenziwe yigesi enqubweni yomjikelezo we-ABC…
Ingxoxo
I-Diketahui :
Ingcindezi 1 (P)1) = 3 x 105 Pa
Ingcindezi 2 (P)2) = 6 x 105 Pa
Umqulu 1 (V)1= 20cm3 = 20 x10-6 m3
Umqulu 2 (V)2= 60cm3 = 60 x10-6 m3
Kubuziwe : Umsebenzi owenziwe yigesi enqubweni yomjikelezo we-ABC
Jawab :
Umsebenzi owenziwe ngegesi = indawo yonxantathu i-ABCD.
W = ½ (P2 - P1)(V)2 - V1)
W = ½ (6 x 105 - 3 x 105)(60 x 10-6 - 20 x 10-6)
W = ½ (3 x 105)(40 x 10-6)
W = ½ (120 x 10-1 uJoule)
W = ½ (amaJoules angu-12)
W = 6 Joule
Umsebenzi owenziwe yigesi enqubweni yomjikelezo we-ABC ungama-Joules ayi-6.
3. Igrafu yokucindezela (P) uma kuqhathaniswa nomthamo (V) wegesi endaweni evaliwe. Ingxenye yegrafu ekhombisa igesi esebenza emvelweni…
Ingxoxo
Inqubo i-AB kanye nenqubo i-DC yizinqubo ze-isobaric. Inqubo i-AD kanye nenqubo i-BC yizinqubo ze-isochoric.
Igesi iyasebenza endaweni ezungezile uma igesi ikhula ukuze ivolumu yesikhala esithathwe yigesi ikhuphuke (inqubo ye-DC). Indawo ezungezile iyasebenza kugesi uma igesi incipha ukuze ivolumu yesikhala esithathwe yigesi inciphe (inqubo ye-BC).
4. Wonke amagesi afanele adlula enkambisweni ye-isochoric ngakho...
A. wonke ama-molecule anejubane elifanayo
B. emazingeni okushisa aphezulu isivinini esimaphakathi sama-molecule sikhulu
C. umfutho wegesi uhlala ungaguquki
D. igesi izosebenza
I-E. ayinawo amandla angaphakathi
Ingxoxo
Isochoric = ivolumu engaguquki.
Impendulo efanele ingu-B.
5. Inani legesi elifanele licindezelwa ngenqubo ye-thermodynamic kusukela kusimo 1 kuya kusimo 2 njengoba kuboniswe kugrafu ye-PV elandelayo. Umsebenzi owenziwa yigesi…
A. -180 J
B. -90 J
C. -30 J
D. 30 J
E. 90 J
Ingxoxo
Ilitha eli-1 = 0,001 m3
I-Diketahui :
Ingcindezi 1 (P)1) = 10 kPa = 10.000 Pa = 10.000 N/m2
Ingcindezi 2 (P)2) = 20 kPa = 20.000 Pa = 20.000 N/m2
Umqulu 1 (V)1) = 4 amalitha = 4 (0,001 m3= 0,004m3
Umqulu 2 (V)2) = amalitha ayi-10 = 10 (0,001 m3= 0,010m3
Kubuziwe Umsebenzi (W) owenziwe yigesi
Impendulo:
W = P (V)2 - V1) + 1/2 (P2 - P1)(V)2 - V1)
W = 10.000 (0,010-0,004) + 1/2 (20.000-10.000)(0,010-0,004)
W = 10.000 (0,006) + 1/2 (10.000) (0,006)
W = 10 (6) + 1/2 (10) (6)
W = 60 + 1/2 (60)
W = 60 + 30
W = 90 Joule
Impendulo efanele ngu-E.
6. Bheka umdwebo we-PV ohlangothini!
Umsebenzi owenziwe enqubweni ye-thermodynamic emjikelezweni owodwa…
A. 100 kJ
B. 200 kJ
C. 300 kJ
D. 400 kJ
E. 600 kJ
Ingxoxo
I-Diketahui :
Ingcindezi 1 (P)1) = 1 x 105 Pa = 1 x 105 N / m2
Ingcindezi 2 (P)2) = 3 x 105 Pa = 3 x 105 N / m2
Umqulu 1 (V)1= 2m3
Umqulu 2 (V)2= 4m3
Kubuziwe : Umsebenzi (W) okhiqizwe.
Jawab :
Umsebenzi owenziwe = indawo ye-quadrilateral abcd.
W = (P)2 - P1)(V)2 - V1)
W = (3 x 105 - 1 x 105)(4 – 2)
W = (2 x 105)(2)
W = 4 x 105 Joule
W = 400.000 Joule
W = 400 kilogram Joule
Impendulo efanele ngu-D.
7. Igesi efanelekile idlula enkambisweni njengoba kuboniswe kumdwebo we-PV ongezansi. Umsebenzi owenziwe kule nqubo…
A. 35 J
B. 24 J
C. 15 J
D. 12 J
E. 6 J
Ingxoxo
I-Diketahui :
Ingcindezi 1 (P)1) = 1 N/m2
Ingcindezi 2 (P)2) = 7 N/m2
Umqulu 1 (V)1= 1m3
Umqulu 2 (V)2= 5m3
Kubuziwe: Umsebenzi (W) usuqedile.
Impendulo:
Umsebenzi owenziwe = indawo kanxantathu i-ABC.
W = ½ (P2 - P1)(V)2 - V1)
W = ½ (7-1)(5-1)
W = ½ (6)(4)
W = ½ (24)
W = 12 Joule
Impendulo efanele ngu-D.
8. I-0,02 mol yegesi ye-monatomic ku-350 K isesitsheni esivaliwe. Kungakanani ukushisa okudingekayo ukuze kwandiswe izinga lokushisa legesi libe ngu-400 K? I-universal gas constant, R = 8,31 J mol-1 K-1.
A. 10 Joule
B. 12,5 Joule
C. 14 Joule
D. 15,5 Joule
E. 17 AmaJoule
Ingxoxo:
I-Diketahui :
n = 0,02 mol
T1 = 350K
T2 = 400K
R = 8,31 J/mol K
Kubuziwe :
Ukushisa (Q)?
Jawab :
Enqubweni ye-isochoric (ivolumu eqhubekayo), Q = delta U
Incazelo: Q = ukushisa, i-delta U = ushintsho emandleni angaphakathi, U = amandla angaphakathi
9. Ama-mole amabili egesi ye-monatomic ekushiseni okungu-20 oC kanye nokucindezela 2 × 105 I-Pa idlula enkambisweni ye-isochoric kuze kube yilapho ingcindezi iba ngu-4 × 105 I-Pa. Uma igesi evamile = 8,31 J/mol K, khona-ke ushintsho lwamandla angaphakathi egesi…
A. 7304 J
B. 6200 J
C. 2291 J
D. 2128 J
E. 1208 J
Ingxoxo:
I-Diketahui :
n = 2 mol
T1 = 20 + 273 = 293 K
P1 = 2 x105 Pa
P2 = 4 x105 Pa
R = 8,31 J/mol K
Kubuziwe :
Ushintsho kumandla angaphakathi (i-delta U)?
Jawab :
i-delta U = 3/2 nR(T2-T1)
Isibalo T2 okokuqala sebenzisa ifomula yomthetho kaGay-Lussac (ivolumu eqhubekayo)
10. Ingxenye yegrafu yokucindezela (P) – ivolumu (V) ekhombisa umsebenzi wangaphandle wokwamukela igesi...
A. AB
I-CD ye-B.
C. BC
D. DA
I-E. AC
Ingxoxo :
Uma kwenziwa umsebenzi kugesi, ivolumu yayo iyanda. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma kwenziwa umsebenzi kugesi ovela emthonjeni wangaphandle, ivolumu yayo iyancipha. Inqubo eboniswe kugrafu ngenhla ekhombisa ukwehla kwevolumu yegesi yi-process CD.
Ngakho impendulo efanele ingu-B.
11. Amagrafu angezansi abonisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwengcindezi (P) kanye nomthamo (V) wegesi eqhubeka nenqubo.
Inqubo ekhiqiza umzamo omkhulu iboniswe enombolweni yegrafu ...
A. (1)
B. (2)
C. (3)
D. (4)
Ingxoxo :
Umsebenzi owenziwe = indawo. Uma indawo inkulu, umsebenzi owenziwe uba mkhulu. Indawo enkulu iboniswe kugrafu 3.
Impendulo efanele ngu-C.
