Imibuzo Eyisibonelo Exoxa Ngezimiso Zamasango Engqondo
I-Pendahuluan
Kuma-elekthronikhi kanye nekhompyutha, amasango e-logic ayizithiyo eziyisisekelo zokwenza izinqumo. Athatha okokufaka okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwe-Boolean (okuyiqiniso noma okungamanga, 1 noma 0) futhi akhiqize umphumela owodwa we-Boolean. Amasango e-logic ayisisekelo samasekethe edijithali, njenge-microprocessors, inkumbulo, kanye nezinye izifunda zokulawula. Lesi sihloko sizomboza izinkinga eziningana zezibonelo futhi sixoxe ngezimiso eziyisisekelo zamasango e-logic, ngokugxila okuyinhloko kumasango e-AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, kanye ne-XNOR.
Izimiso Eziyisisekelo Zamasango Engqondo
Ukuze sisize ekuqondeni imibuzo eyisibonelo, kumele siqale siqonde izimiso eziyisisekelo zohlobo ngalunye lwesango le-logic.
1. KANYE nesango:
– Umphumela uzoba ngu-1 kuphela uma konke okufakwayo kungu-1.
– Ithebula Leqiniso:
| A | B | A NO-B |
|——|————|
| 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 |
2. NOMA isango:
– Umphumela uzoba ngu-1 uma okunye kokufakwayo kungu-1.
– Ithebula Leqiniso:
| A | B | A NOMA B |
|——|————|
| 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 |
3. Hhayi isango:
– Okukhiphayo kuzoba okuphambene nalokho okufakwayo.
– Ithebula Leqiniso:
| A | AKUSIYO |
|—|——-|
| 0 | 1 |
| 1 | 0 |
4. Isango le-NAND (Hhayi FUTHI):
– Umphumela uphambene nesango le-AND.
– Ithebula Leqiniso:
| A | B | A NAND B |
|——|————-|
| 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 1 | 1 | 0 |
5. Isango (Hhayi noma):
– Umphumela uphambene nesango le-OR.
– Ithebula Leqiniso:
| A | B | A NOR B |
|——|————|
| 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | 1 | 0 |
6. Isango le-XOR (Elikhethekile NOMA):
– Umphumela uzoba ngu-1 uma okokufaka kuhlukile.
– Ithebula Leqiniso:
| A | B | A XOR B |
|——|————|
| 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 1 | 1 | 0 |
7. Isango le-XNOR (i-Nor ekhethekile):
– Umphumela uzoba ngu-1 uma okokufaka kufana.
– Ithebula Leqiniso:
| A | B | A XNOR B |
|——|————-|
| 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 |
Imibuzo Eyisibonelo Nengxoxo
Ake sixoxe ngezibonelo zezinkinga ezihilela la masango ahlukahlukene e-logic.
Isibonelo 1: Inhlanganisela yamasango e-AND kanye ne-OR
Umbuzo:
Ake sithi kukhona okufakwayo okuthathu okungu-A, B, no-C. Bala umphumela wesekethe ye-logic elandelayo:
– Q1 = A kanye no-B
– Umbuzo 2 = Umbuzo 1 noma u-C
Ingxoxo:
Izinyathelo zesisombululo:
1. Nquma inani le-Q1.
2. Sebenzisa inani le-Q1 ukuthola i-Q2.
Ake sithi u-A = 1, u-B = 0, no-C = 1:
1. Q1 = A kanye no-B = 1 kanye no-0 = 0
2. Umbuzo 2 = Umbuzo 1 NOMA U-C = 0 NOMA U-1 = 1
Ngakho-ke, umphumela wokugcina we-Q2 ungu-1.
Isibonelo Umbuzo 2: Inhlanganisela ye-NAND kanye ne-AND Gates
Umbuzo:
Uma sinezingeniso ezimbili u-X no-Y, nquma umphumela wesekethe ye-logic elandelayo:
– Q1 = X NAND Y
– Q2 = Q1 KANYE no-X
Ingxoxo:
Ake sibale umphumela ngokusekelwe ezinhlanganisweni zokufaka ezingaba khona. Ake sithi u-X = 1 no-Y = 1:
1. Q1 = X NAND Y = 1 NAND 1 = AKUKHO(1 NO-1) = AKUKHO(1) = 0
2. Q2 = Q1 KANYE no-X = 0 KANYE no-1 = 0
Ngakho-ke, umphumela wokugcina we-Q2 ungu-0.
Isibonelo 3: Inhlanganisela yama-XOR nama-NOR Gates
Umbuzo:
Bala umphumela wesekethe ye-logic elandelayo ngokufakwayo okungu-D no-E:
– Q1 = D XOR E
– Umbuzo 2 = Umbuzo 1 NOMA U-E
Ingxoxo:
Ake sibale umphumela ngokusekelwe ezinhlanganisweni zokufaka ezingaba khona. Ake sithi u-D = 0 no-E = 1:
1. Q1 = D XOR E = 0 XOR 1 = 1
2. Umbuzo 2 = Umbuzo 1 NOMA U-E = 1 NOMA U-1 = AKUKHO(1 NOMA U-1) = AKUKHO(1) = 0
Ngakho-ke, umphumela wokugcina we-Q2 ungu-0.
Isibonelo Umbuzo 4: Ukusebenzisa Amasango Amathathu Ahlukene E-Logic
Umbuzo:
Ngokufaka okuthathu u-P, u-Q, no-R, bala umphumela wesekethe ye-logic elandelayo:
– Q1 = P FUTHI Q
– Umbuzo 2 = Umbuzo 1 noma u-R
– Umbuzo 3 = AKUSIWO Umbuzo 2
Ingxoxo:
Izinyathelo zesisombululo:
1. Bala i-Q1 nge-FUTHI isango.
2. Sebenzisa i-Q1 ukubala i-Q2 ngesango le-OR.
3. Sebenzisa i-Q2 ukubala i-Q3 ngesango ELINGENASI.
Ake sithi u-P = 1, u-Q = 0, no-R = 1:
1. Q1 = P FUTHI Q = 1 FUTHI 0 = 0
2. Umbuzo 2 = Umbuzo 1 NOMA U-R = 0 NOMA U-1 = 1
3. Umbuzo 3 = AKUSIWO Umbuzo 2 = AKUSIWO 1 = 0
Ngakho-ke, umphumela wokugcina we-Q3 ungu-0.
Isibonelo Umbuzo 5: Ukuklama Isekethe Ye-Logic
Umbuzo:
Dala isekethe ye-logic ekhiqiza umphumela we-TRUE uma futhi kuphela uma okubili kokuthathu (A, B, C) kuyi-TRUE.
Ingxoxo:
Ukuze sithole ikhambi elihlangabezana nezimo ezingenhla, singasebenzisa inhlanganisela elandelayo yamasango e-logic:
1. Q1 = A NO-B FUTHI (Hhayi u-C)
2. Q2 = A KANYE (Hhayi B) KANYE C
3. Q3 = (Hhayi u-A) kanye no-B kanye no-C
4. Umphumela = Q1 NOMA Q2 NOMA Q3
Ake sihlaziye isinyathelo ngesinyathelo inhlanganisela ethile yokufaka. Ake sithi u-A = 1, u-B = 1, no-C = 0:
1. Q1 = A NO-B FUTHI (Hhayi u-C) = 1 NO-1 NO-1 = 1
2. Q2 = A FUTHI (Hhayi B) FUTHI C = 1 FUTHI 0 FUTHI 0 = 0
3. Q3 = (Hhayi u-A) kanye no-B no-C = 0 kanye no-1 kanye no-0 = 0
4. Umphumela = Q1 NOMA Q2 NOMA Q3 = 1 NOMA 0 NOMA 0 = 1
Ngakho-ke, lesi sifunda empeleni sinikeza umphumela we-TRUE kuphela uma okubili kokuthathu kokufaka ku-TRUE.
Isiphetho
Kulesi sihloko, simboze izimiso eziyisisekelo zamasango e-logic futhi sanikeza izibonelo eziningana zezinkinga ngezincazelo. Ukuqonda izimiso kanye nokusebenza kwamasango e-logic kubalulekile kunoma ubani osebenza ngamasekethe edijithali, ama-microprocessor, noma ezinye izinkambu ezihlobene. Ukuqonda ukuhamba komsebenzi kanye ne-logic ngemuva kwala masango kusenza sikwazi ukuklama amasekethe ayinkimbinkimbi futhi asebenzayo. Sithemba ukuthi lezi zibonelo zibe usizo ekujuleni ukuqonda kwethu ngamasango e-logic.
