Imibuzo Yesibonelo Ekhuluma Ngokuhlanzeka Kwamaphesenti
Ukuhlanzeka kwamaphesenti, noma izinga lokuhlanzeka kwento ethile, kuyipharamitha ebalulekile emagatsheni ahlukahlukene esayensi, ikakhulukazi ukuhlaziya, imithi, kanye nekhemistri yezimboni. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngomqondo wokuhlanzeka kwamaphesenti futhi sinikeze izibonelo ezinezincazelo eziphelele ukuze abafundi baqonde kangcono ukuthi bangabala futhi basebenzise kanjani lo mqondo ezimweni ezahlukene.
Ukuqonda Amaphesenti Okuhlanzeka
Ubumsulwa obuyiphesenti bubonisa izinga lobumsulwa bento ebalwa njengephesenti lesisindo sento emsulwa kusampula. Ubumsulwa obuyiphesenti bungabonakaliswa kulesi sibalo esilandelayo:
\[ \text{Percent Purity} = \left( \frac{\text{Isisindo sento emsulwa}}{\text{Isisindo sesampula}} \right) \times 100\% \]
Kuphi:
– Isisindo sento emsulwa yisisindo sento okumelwe kutholakale ukuthi imsulwa yayo.
– Isisindo sesampula yisisindo esiphelele sesampula equkethe izinto ezihlanzekile kanye nokungcola kwazo.
Ukubaluleka Kwamaphesenti Okuhlanzeka
Iphesenti lobumsulwa libalulekile emikhakheni eminingi yesayensi kanye nezicelo. Kumakhemikhali okuhlaziya, ubumsulwa be-reagent bungathinta imiphumela yokuhlola. Embonini yemithi, ubumsulwa bezinto zokusetshenziswa zemithi kumele buqinisekiswe ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle komkhiqizo wokugcina. Kweminye imikhakha, njengokukhiqizwa kwensimbi kanye nophethiloli, ubumsulwa buthinta ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nokusebenza kwawo.
Isibonelo Semibuzo Yesingeniso
Ake siqale ngesibonelo esilula ngaphambi kokudlulela ezinkingeni eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Isibonelo Sombuzo 1:
Isampula ye-aluminiyamu inesisindo esingamagremu ayi-10. Ukuhlaziywa kwembula ukuthi isisindo se-aluminiyamu emsulwa kusampula singamagremu ayi-9.5. Iyini iphesenti yobumsulwa balesi sici?
Ingxoxo:
Kuyaziwa:
– Isisindo sento emsulwa = 9.5 amagremu
– Isisindo sesampula = amagremu ayi-10
\[ \text{Percent Purity} = \left( \frac{9.5 \text{ gram}}{10 \text{ gram}} \right) \times 100\% \]
\[ \text{Percent Purity} = \left( 0.95 \right) \times 100\% \]
\[ \umbhalo{Iphesenti Lokuhlanzeka} = 95\% \]
Ngakho-ke, iphesenti lokuhlanzeka kwesampula ye-aluminium lingu-95%.
Izibonelo Zezinkinga Eziyinkimbinkimbi
Isibonelo Sombuzo 2:
Unesampula ye-calcium carbonate engamagremu angu-150 (\(\text{CaCO}_3\)). Ukuhlaziywa kwembula ukuthi kukhona ukungcola ngesimo se-magnesium carbonate (\(\text{MgCO}_3\)) okufika kumagremu ayi-10. Bala ubumsulwa bephesenti le-calcium carbonate kusampula.
Ingxoxo:
Kuyaziwa:
– Isisindo sesampula = amagremu ayi-150
– Isisindo sokungcola (\(\text{MgCO}_3\)) = 10 amagremu
Ngakho-ke, isisindo sento emsulwa (\(\text{CaCO}_3\)) singabalwa kanje:
\[ \umbhalo{Isisindo sento emsulwa} = \umbhalo{Isisindo sesampula} – \umbhalo{Isisindo sezinto ezingcolisayo} \]
\[ \text{Isisindo sento emsulwa} = 150 \text{grams} – 10 \text{grams} \]
\[ \text{Isisindo sento emsulwa} = 140 \text{grams} \]
Okulandelayo, bala iphesenti lobumsulwa:
\[ \text{Percent Purity} = \left( \frac{140 \text{ gram}}{150 \text{ gram}} \right) \times 100\% \]
\[ \text{Percent Purity} = \left( 0.9333 \right) \times 100\% \]
\[ \umbhalo{Iphesenti Lokuhlanzeka} \cishe kube ngu-93.33\% \]
Ngakho-ke, iphesenti lokuhlanzeka kwe-calcium carbonate kusampula licishe libe ngu-93.33%.
Izibonelo Zemibuzo Yokusebenza Embonini
Isibonelo Sombuzo 3:
Inkampani yemithi ikhiqiza ama-200 kg omuthi one-98% yobumsulwa. Ngesikhathi sokupakisha, ama-5 kg omuthi angcolisiwe. Lingakanani iphesenti lobumsulwa bomuthi ngemva kokungcola?
Ingxoxo:
Kuyaziwa:
– Isisindo sokuqala somuthi = 200 kg
– Iphesenti lokuqala lokuhlanzeka = 98%
– Isisindo sokuqala sento emsulwa = \(\frac{98}{100} \times 200 \text{ kg} = 196 \text{ kg}\)
– Isisindo esengeziwe sokungcola = 5 kg
– Isisindo esiphelele sesampula ngemva kokungcola = 200 kg + 5 kg = 205 kg
Isisindo sale nto emsulwa asishintshi (196 kg), ngakho-ke iphesenti lokuhlanzeka ngemva kokungcola yileli:
\[ \text{Percent Purity} = \left( \frac{196 \text{ kg}}{205 \text{ kg}} \right) \times 100\% \]
\[ \umbhalo{Iphesenti Lokuhlanzeka} \cishe kube ngu-95.61\% \]
Ngakho-ke, iphesenti lokuhlanzeka komuthi ngemva kokungcola licishe libe ngu-95.61%.
Imibuzo Eyisibonelo Ngokusetshenziswa Kokuhlaziywa Kwamakhemikhali
Isibonelo Sombuzo 4:
Ekuhlaziyweni kwamakhemikhali kwesisombululo, kwaziwa ukuthi kukhona amagremu angu-2.5 ento emsulwa kumthamo ophelele wamalitha amathathu esisombululo. Uma ubuningi besisombululo bungu-1.2 g/mL, buyini ubumsulwa bento esixazululweni?
Ingxoxo:
Kuyaziwa:
– Isisindo sento emsulwa = 2.5 amagremu
– Umthamo wesisombululo = amalitha ama-3 = 3000 mL
– Ubuningi besisombululo = 1.2 g/mL
Ukusebenzisa ubuningi ukuthola isisindo esiphelele sesisombululo:
\[ \text{Isampula yesisindo} = \text{Ivolumu yesisombululo} \times \text{Density} \]
\[ \text{Isampula yesisindo} = 3000 \text{mL} \times 1.2 \text{g/mL} \]
\[ \umbhalo{Isisindo sesampula} = 3600 \umbhalo{amagremu} \]
Bese, bala iphesenti lokuhlanzeka:
\[ \text{Percent Purity} = \left( \frac{2.5 \text{ gram}}{3600 \text{ gram}} \right) \times 100\% \]
\[ \umbhalo{Iphesenti Lokuhlanzeka} \cishe kube ngu-0.0694\% \]
Ngakho-ke, iphesenti lokuhlanzeka kwento esisombululoni licishe libe ngu-0.0694%.
I-Penutup
Ukubala ubumsulwa bamaphesenti kuyisici esibalulekile sokulawulwa kwekhwalithi kanye nokuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali. Ukuqonda kahle lo mqondo kuvumela ochwepheshe emikhakheni ehlukahlukene ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi kanye nokuvumelana kwemikhiqizo noma izinto abasebenza ngazo. Lesi sihloko siveze izibonelo eziningana zezinkinga ezizosiza abafundi bajulise ukuqonda kwabo kokuthi bangawusebenzisa kanjani umqondo wobumsulwa bamaphesenti ezimweni ezahlukene.
