Imibuzo Eyisibonelo Exoxa Ngokuqhathaniswa Kwamaseli E-Voltaic Namaseli E-Electrolytic
Ukuqhathaniswa phakathi kwamaseli e-voltaic namaseli e-electrolytic kuyisihloko esibalulekile kumakhemikhali, ikakhulukazi ocwaningweni lwe-electrochemistry. Womabili amadivayisi asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ugesi kusuka ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali noma ukuqondisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali ngokusebenzisa amandla kagesi. Lesi sihloko sizoqokomisa umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwamaseli e-voltaic namaseli e-electrolytic ngezinkinga zesibonelo kanye nezingxoxo. Umgomo ukunikeza ukuqonda okujulile nokujulile kwezinhlobo ezimbili zamaseli.
Iseli le-Voltaic
Iseli le-voltaic, elaziwa nangokuthi iseli le-galvanic, uhlobo lweseli le-electrochemical elikhiqiza ugesi ovela ekusabeleni kwamakhemikhali okuzenzakalelayo. Eseli le-voltaic, kwenzeka ukusabela kwe-redox, lapho ukuncipha kanye nokuxinana kwenzeka khona kuma-electrode ahlukene. Ukuze sikuqonde kangcono lokhu, ake sibheke isibonelo seseli le-voltaic.
Isibonelo Sombuzo 1:
I-anode yeseli le-voltaic yenziwe nge-zinc (Zn) kanye ne-cathode yethusi (Cu). Ake sithi ukubonisana nethebula lamandla okunciphisa ajwayelekile kukhombisa ukuthi amandla okunciphisa ajwayelekile (E°) e-Cu²⁺/Cu angu-+0,34 V kanti e-Zn²⁺/Zn angu--0,76 V. Bala amandla eseli ajwayelekile (iseli le-E°) lale seli le-voltaic.
Ingxoxo:
Okokuqala, bhala ukusabela kwesigamu-seli ukuze kutholakale i-oxidation kanye nokunciphisa.
– I-Anode (Ukuvundisa): I-Zn(s) → I-Zn²⁺(aq) + 2e⁻
– I-Cathode (Ukunciphisa): Cu²⁺(aq) + 2e⁻ → Cu(izi)
I-standard cell potential (i-E° cell) ibalwa kusukela kumehluko ku-reduction potential ye-cathode ne-anode.
– E° cell = E° cathode – E° anode
– I-E° cathode = +0,34 V
– I-anode ye-E° = -0,76 V
Ngakho-ke amandla ajwayelekile weseli yilawa:
\[ E°_{sel} = 0.34V – (-0.76V) \]
\[ E°_{cell} = 0.34V + 0.76V \]
\[ E°_{sel} = 1.10V \]
Ngakho-ke, amandla ajwayelekile eseli aleli seli le-voltaic yi-1,10 V.
Iseli le-Electrolytic
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaseli e-electrolytic asebenzisa amandla kagesi ukuphoqa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okungahleliwe ukuba kwenzeke. Eselini le-electrolytic, ugesi ovela emthonjeni wangaphandle usetshenziswa ukushayela ukusabela kwe-redox okungeke kwenzeke ngokwako. Ake sibheke isibonelo seseli le-electrolytic ukuze siqonde izakhiwo zalo kanye nezimiso zokusebenza.
Isibonelo Sombuzo 2:
Enqubweni ye-electrolysis, i-aluminium ikhiqizwa nge-aluminium oxide encibilikisiwe (Al₂O₃). Bala inani likagesi elidingekayo ukukhiqiza i-mole eyodwa ye-aluminium (Al). Ake sithi i-mole eyodwa ye-Al idinga ama-mole amathathu ama-electron.
Ingxoxo:
Ngokusho kwe-electrochemical equation ye-electrolysis:
\[ Al^{3+}(aq) + 3e⁻ → Al(izi) \]
Kuyaziwa ukuthi nge-mole ngayinye ye-aluminium, kudingeka ama-mole amathathu ama-electron. Ngokomthetho kaFaraday, inani likagesi (Q) elidingekayo lingabalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula:
\[ Q = n \cdot F \]
Kuphi:
– n yinani lama-mole ama-electron
– F iyi-Faraday's constant (96500 C/mol electrons)
Ukukhiqiza i-mole eyodwa ye-Al:
\[ n = 3 \umbhalo{ ama-mole ama-electron} \]
Ngakho-ke, inani likagesi (Q):
\[ Q = 3 \cdot 96500 \]
\[ Q = 289500 \umbhalo{ C} \]
Ngakho-ke, ukuze kukhiqizwe i-molecule eyodwa ye-aluminium, kudingeka ama-coulomb kagesi angu-289500.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwamaSeli e-Voltaic namaSeli e-Electrolytic
Ithebula elilandelayo lifingqa umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamaseli e-voltaic namaseli e-electrolytic:
| Izici | Iseli le-Voltaic | Iseli le-Electrolytic |
|————————–|————————————|—————————–|
| Imithombo Yamandla | Ukusabela Kwamakhemikhali | Amandla Kagesi |
| Uhlobo Lokusabela | Okuzenzekelayo | Okungazenzisi |
| I-Anode (-)/I-Cathode (+) | I-Anode (-), I-Cathode (+) | I-Anode (+), I-Cathode (-) |
| Inhloso | Khiqiza ugesi | Kubangela ukusabela kwamakhemikhali |
| Izicelo | Amabhethri, amaseli kaphethiloli | Ukufaka iplati, ukwenziwa kwensimbi, ukucwengisisa |
Imithombo Yamandla:
Amaseli e-voltaic akhiqiza amandla kagesi avela ekusabela kwamakhemikhali okuzenzakalelayo, kuyilapho amaseli e-electrolytic esebenzisa amandla kagesi avela emthonjeni wangaphandle ukuphoqa ukusabela okungenangozi ukuba kwenzeke.
Uhlobo Lokusabela:
Eselini le-voltaic, ukusabela okuzenzakalelayo kubangela ukuthi ama-electron ageleze esuka ku-anode aye ku-cathode ngesekethe yangaphandle. Eselini le-electrolytic, ugesi wangaphandle usetshenziselwa ukushayela ukusabela okungeke kwenzeke ngokwako.
I-Anode ne-Cathode:
Kuseli ye-voltaic, i-anode iyi-electrode engemihle kanti i-cathode iyi-electrode engemihle. Kuseli ye-electrolytic, i-anode iyi-electrode engemihle kanti i-cathode iyi-electrode engemihle. Lona omunye wemehluko omkhulu ovame ukudida abafundi.
Inhloso:
Inhloso eyinhloko yeseli le-voltaic ukukhiqiza ugesi, kuyilapho iseli le-electrolytic lisetshenziselwa ukuvusa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, njengokucwengisisa insimbi noma i-electrolysis yamanzi.
Aplikasi:
Amaseli e-voltaic avame ukusetshenziswa kumabhethri nasemaseli kaphethiloli, akhiqiza ugesi wezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene. Amaseli e-electrolytic asetshenziswa ezinqubweni zezimboni ezifana nokuphonswa kwensimbi, ukuphonswa kwe-electroplating, kanye nokuhluzwa kwensimbi.
Isiphetho
Womabili amaseli e-voltaic kanye ne-electrolytic adlala indima ebalulekile kubuchwepheshe banamuhla. Ukuqonda ukuthi uhlobo ngalunye lweseli lusebenza kanjani nokuthi ungabala kanjani amapharamitha ahlukahlukene ahilelekile ngezinkinga zesibonelo kuyisihluthulelo sokuqonda imiqondo ye-electrochemistry. Engxoxweni engenhla, sigqamise umehluko oyisisekelo phakathi kwamaseli e-voltaic kanye ne-electrolytic, okuhlanganisa imithombo yawo yamandla, izinhlobo zokusabela, kanye nezibonelo zezicelo zawo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.
Ngokuqonda kahle lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zamaseli, uzobe ulungele kangcono ukuxazulula izinkinga ezahlukahlukene ezihlobene ezivivinyweni zekhemistri futhi uzisebenzise kumathuluzi ahlukahlukene kanye nobuchwepheshe besimanje.
