Imibuzo Eyisibonelo Exoxa Ngezinkundla ZikaMagnetic Ezizungeze Intambo Eqondile
I-Pengantar
Amasimu kazibuthe abelokhu eyisihloko esithakazelisayo ku-physics, ikakhulukazi engxoxweni yokuthi akhiwa kanjani nokuthi asebenzisana kanjani nomsinga kagesi. Isici esibalulekile samasimu kazibuthe yinsimu kazibuthe ezungeze ucingo oluthwala umsinga oluqondile. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngomqondo oyisisekelo wensimu kazibuthe ezungeze ucingo oluqondile futhi sinikeze izibonelo eziningana zezinkinga nezixazululo zokujulisa ukuqonda kwethu.
Umbono Oyisisekelo Wezinkundla Zama-Magnetic Ezizungeze Izintambo Eziqondile
Ngaphambi kokuba singene enkingeni yesibonelo, kubalulekile ukuqonda kuqala inkolelo-mbono eyisisekelo yamasimu kazibuthe azungeze intambo eqondile. Ngokusho komthetho we-Biot-Savart kanye nomthetho we-Ampère, insimu kazibuthe ezungeze intambo eqondile ephethe ugesi ingabonakaliswa yi-equation:
\[ B = \frac{\mu_0 I}{2 \pi r} \]
Kuphi,
– \( B \) yinsimu yamagnetic (Tesla),
– \( \mu_0 \) ukuvuleka kwe-vacuum \( (4\pi \times 10^{-7} T \cdot m/A) \),
– \( I \) ugesi ogeleza entanjeni (i-Ampere), kanye
– \(r \) ibanga elisuka kuntambo kuya endaweni lapho kulinganiswa khona insimu kazibuthe (amamitha).
Le nsimu yamagnetic yakha iziyingi ezizungezile intambo ngokomthetho wesandla sokunene. Uma isithupha sibonisa isiqondiso samandla kagesi, khona-ke iminwe ebambe intambo ikhombisa isiqondiso samandla kazibuthe.
Imibuzo Eyisibonelo Nengxoxo
Umbuzo 1:
Intambo ende eqondile ithwala ugesi ongu-10 A. Bala ubukhulu bensimu yamagnetic ebangeni elingamamitha angu-0,2 ukusuka kuntambo.
Ingxoxo:
Sisebenzisa lesi sibalo sensimu yamagnetic ezungeze intambo eqondile:
\[ B = \frac{\mu_0 I}{2 \pi r} \]
Kuyaziwa:
\[ I = 10 \, A \]
\[r = 0,2 \, m \]
\[ \mu_0 = 4 \pi \izikhathi 10^{-7} \, T \cdot m/A \]
Faka la manani ku-equation:
\[ B = \frac{4 \pi \times 10^{-7} \times 10}{2 \pi \times 0,2} \]
\[ B = \frac{4 \pi \times 10^{-6}}{2 \pi \times 0,2} \]
\[ B = \frac{4 \times 10^{-6}}{0,2} \]
\[ B = 20 \izikhathi eziyi-10^{-6} \]
\[ B = 2 \izikhathi 10^{-5} \, T \]
\[ B = 20 \, \mu T \]
Ngakho-ke, ubukhulu bensimu yamagnetic ebangeni elingamamitha angu-0,2 ukusuka ocingweni buyi-20 μT (microTesla).
Umbuzo 2:
Izintambo ezimbili ezinde eziqondile ziphethe ugesi ofanayo ongu-5 A kodwa ngezindlela eziphambene, futhi ibanga eliphakathi kwazo lingu-0,1 mitha. Bala ubukhulu bensimu yamagnetic endaweni ephakathi kwezintambo ezimbili.
Ingxoxo:
Ephuzwini eliphakathi kwezintambo ezimbili, ibanga lingu-\( r = 0,05 \, m \) kusuka kuntambo ngayinye. Siqala ngokubala insimu yamagnetic ngenxa yentambo eyodwa.
Ngocingo ngalunye:
\[ B_1 = \frac{\mu_0 I}{2 \pi r} \]
Kuyaziwa:
\[ I = 5 \, A \]
\[r = 0,05 \, m \]
\[ \mu_0 = 4 \pi \izikhathi 10^{-7} \, T \cdot m/A \]
Faka la manani ku-equation:
\[ B_1 = \frac{4 \pi \times 10^{-7} \times 5}{2 \pi \times 0,05} \]
\[ B_1 = \frac{4 \pi \times 10^{-7} \times 5}{\pi \times 0,1} \]
\[ B_1 = \frac{20 \pi \times 10^{-7}}{\pi \times 0,1} \]
\[ B_1 = \frac{20 \times 10^{-7}}{0,1} \]
\[ B_1 = 200 \izikhathi eziyi-10^{-7} \]
\[ B_1 = 2 \izikhathi ezingu-10^{-5} \, T \]
Njengoba izintambo ezimbili ziphethe imisinga ngezindlela eziphambene, amasimu kazibuthe ayahlukana kulelo phuzu. Insimu kazibuthe iyonke kulelo phuzu ingu-zero.
Umbuzo 3:
Intambo ende eqondile u-A ithwala ugesi ongu-12 A futhi ibekwe ngokuhambisana nentambo ende eqondile u-B ethwele ugesi ongu-8 A ohlangothini olufanayo. Bala insimu yamagnetic iyonke endaweni engamamitha angu-0,15 ukusuka ku-wire A kanye namamitha angu-0,1 ukusuka ku-wire B.
Ingxoxo:
Bala insimu yamagnetic yentambo ngayinye kulelo phuzu.
Ngocingo A:
\[ B_A = \frac{\mu_0 I_A}{2 \pi r_A} \]
Kuyaziwa:
\[ I_A = 12 \, A \]
\[r_A = 0,15 \, m \]
Ukushintsha inani:
\[ B_A = \frac{4 \pi \times 10^{-7} \times 12}{2 \pi \times 0,15} \]
\[ B_A = \frac{48 \pi \times 10^{-7}}{\pi \times 0,3} \]
\[ B_A = \frac{48 \times 10^{-7}}{0,3} \]
\[ B_A = 160 \izikhathi eziyi-10^{-7} \]
\[ B_A = 1,6 \izikhathi ezingu-10^{-5} \, T \]
Ngocingo B:
\[ B_B = \frac{\mu_0 I_B}{2 \pi r_B} \]
Kuyaziwa:
\[ I_B = 8 \, A \]
\[r_B = 0,1 \, m \]
Ukushintsha inani:
\[ B_B = \frac{4 \pi \times 10^{-7} \times 8}{2 \pi \times 0,1} \]
\[ B_B = \frac{32 \pi \times 10^{-7}}{\pi \times 0,2} \]
\[ B_B = \frac{32 \times 10^{-7}}{0,2} \]
\[ B_B = 160 \izikhathi eziyi-10^{-7} \]
\[ B_B = 1,6 \izikhathi ezingu-10^{-5} \, T \]
Njengoba ugesi kuzo zombili izintambo ugeleza ohlangothini olufanayo, futhi amaphuzu akude kakhulu nentambo ngayinye, insimu yamagnetic ephumayo izoba ohlangothini olufanayo. Ngakho-ke, insimu yamagnetic iyonke iyisamba salezi zinkundla ezimbili zamagnetic.
\[ B_{isamba} = B_A + B_B \]
\[ B_{isamba} = 1,6 \izikhathi 10^{-5} + 1,6 \izikhathi 10^{-5} \]
\[ B_{isamba} = 3,2 \izikhathi ezingu-10^{-5} \, T \]
Ngakho-ke, insimu yamagnetic iyonke ngaleso sikhathi ingu-32 μT (microTesla).
Isiphetho
Ukuqonda umqondo wensimu yamagnetic ezungeze intambo eqondile kubalulekile kwifiziksi ngoba inezinhlelo eziningi ezisebenzayo. Ngokusebenzisa izibonelo nezingxoxo ezifana nale engenhla, singaqinisa umqondo oyisisekelo futhi sijulise ukuqonda kwethu ukuthi amasimu amagnetic asebenza kanjani eduze kwentambo ethwala ugesi. Khumbula njalo, ukuhleleka kokuhlaziya kanye nokuqonda imithetho eyisisekelo kubalulekile ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezahlukahlukene zefiziksi.
