Isihloko: Isibonelo Semibuzo Exoxa Ngezinkinga Zabantu
I-Pendahuluan
Izinkinga zabantu zihlala zibalulekile futhi zibalulekile ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba. Ukuqonda lezi zinkinga kubalulekile ekwakheni izinqubomgomo nezixazululo ezisebenzayo. Lesi sihloko sizohlinzeka ngemibuzo eyisampula kanye nezingxoxo ngezinkinga zabantu, okuhlanganisa ukuminyana kwabantu, ukufuduka kwabantu, ukusatshalaliswa kwabantu, kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila.
1. Ubuningi babantu
Umbuzo:
Izwe linendawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angu-500.000 kanye nenani labantu abayizigidi eziyi-100. Bala inani labantu bezwe bese uxoxa ngomthelela wobuningi babantu abaningi.
Ingxoxo:
Ubuningi babantu bubalwa ngokuhlukanisa inani labantu ngendawo. Kuleli zwe, ubuningi babantu buyi-100.000.000 yabantu / 500.000 km² = abantu abangu-200/km².
Imiphumela yokuminyana kwabantu abaningi ingafaka:
– Ingcindezi Ezinsizeni: Amadolobha avame ukungakwazi ukwamukela abantu abaningi, okubeka ingcindezi engqalasizinda nasezinsizeni ezifana namanzi, ugesi, kanye nezindlu.
– Imvelo: Umonakalo wemvelo uvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi endaweni yokuhlala kanye nokungcola ngenxa yamazinga aphezulu emisebenzi yabantu.
– Impilo: Ubuningi babantu bungabangela izinkinga zempilo ezifana nokusabalala kwezifo ngokushesha.
2. Ukufuduka
Umbuzo:
Chaza izinhlobo zokufuduka bese unikeza izibonelo nezizathu ezivamile ezibangela lokho.
Ingxoxo:
Ukufuduka kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana ngokusekelwe ezicini ezithile:
– Ukufuduka Kwangaphakathi: Ukunyakaza ngaphakathi ezweni. Isibonelo, ukunyakaza kwabantu besuka ezindaweni zasemakhaya beya emadolobheni beyofuna umsebenzi (ukuthuthela emadolobheni).
– Ukufuduka Kwamazwe Ngamazwe: Ukunyakaza phakathi kwamazwe. Isibonelo, ababaleki abavela emazweni agcwele izingxabano, njengeSiriya, bathuthela emazweni aseYurophu.
– Ukufuduka Kwesizini: Ngokuvamile kwenzeka emkhakheni wezolimo, lapho abasebenzi beshintsha khona ngokusekelwe esikhathini sokutshala noma sokuvuna.
– Ukufuduka Okuphoqelekile: Okuqhutshwa yizingxabano noma izinhlekelele zemvelo, njengokuba abantu beshiya amakhaya abo ngenxa yokuzamazama komhlaba noma impi.
Izizathu zokufuduka zingahlukahluka, okuhlanganisa ukufuna umsebenzi, imfundo, umshado, ukuphepha, ngisho nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
3. Ukusabalala Kwabantu
Umbuzo:
Izici zezwe zithinta kanjani ukusatshalaliswa kwabantu futhi zinikeza izibonelo zezindawo ezisatshalaliswa ngokungalingani kwabantu.
Ingxoxo:
Ukusatshalaliswa kwabantu kuthonywa kakhulu yizici zendawo ezifana nalezi:
– Isimo Sezulu: Izindawo ezinesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu (esishisa kakhulu noma esibandayo kakhulu) zivame ukuba nabantu abambalwa. Isibonelo, iSahara Desert inesibalo esincane sabantu.
– Ukuma kwendawo: Izindawo eziphansi njengezigodi zemifula zivame ukuba nabantu abaningi, kuyilapho izintaba nezindawo eziphakeme zivame ukuba nabantu abambalwa.
– Imithombo Yemvelo: Izindawo ezicebile ngemithombo efana namanzi noma umhlaba ovundile zivame ukuba nabantu abaningi, isibonelo isigodi soMfula iNayile eGibhithe.
Ukusabalala kwabantu okungalingani kungabonakala e-Indonesia, lapho isiqhingi saseJava sinabantu abaningi kakhulu uma siqhathaniswa nezinye iziqhingi ezifana neKalimantan noma iPapua.
4. Ikhwalithi Yempilo
Umbuzo:
Hlobanisa ukukhula kwenani labantu nekhwalithi yokuphila bese usho izinkomba ezisetshenziswa ukukala ikhwalithi yokuphila kwabantu.
Ingxoxo:
Ukukhula okusheshayo kwenani labantu kungathinta ikhwalithi yokuphila ngokubeka ingcindezi ezinsizeni zomphakathi kanye nezinsizakusebenza. Izinkomba ezivame ukusetshenziswa ukukala ikhwalithi yokuphila zifaka:
– Isikhathi Sokuphila: Isikali sempilo yabantu, ukuphakama kusho impilo engcono.
– Imfundo: Uma ilinganiswa ngamazinga okufunda nokubhala kanye nokubhalisa esikoleni, ikhombisa ukufinyelela kanye nekhwalithi yemfundo.
– Imali Engenayo Ngomuntu Ngamunye: Ichaza imali engenayo ejwayelekile ukuze kunqunywe inhlalakahle yezomnotho yabantu.
– Inkomba Yokuthuthukiswa Kwabantu (i-HDI): Ihlanganisa isikhathi sokuphila, imfundo, kanye nemali engenayo kube yinkomba eyodwa.
Uma ukukhula kwenani labantu kudlula ikhono lezwe lokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo eziyisisekelo, ikhwalithi yokuphila ivame ukwehla.
Isiphetho
Izinkinga zabantu zidinga ukunakwa okukhulu yizinhlaka ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa uhulumeni, izifundiswa, kanye nomphakathi jikelele. Ngokuqonda izinkinga kanye nemiphumela yazo, singafaka isandla ekutholeni izixazululo ezisebenzayo. Ukuphathwa kahle kwabantu akugcini nje ngokuqinisekisa inhlalakahle yesizukulwane samanje kodwa futhi kuqinisekisa ukusimama kwezizukulwane ezizayo. Ngakho-ke, imfundo yabantu kanye nokufinyelela emphakathini kumele kukhuthazwe kabanzi ukuze kuphakanyiswe ukuqwashisa umphakathi ngalezi zinkinga.
