Isampula Semibuzo Yokuxoxisana
Ijenereyitha iyithuluzi le-electromagnetic eliguqula amandla omshini abe amandla kagesi ngokusebenzisa isimiso sokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic. Izinhlobo ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu zamajenereyitha yijenereyitha ezihambisanayo kanye namajenereyitha angahambisani (noma ahambisayo). Lesi sihloko sizonikeza izibonelo eziningana zezinkinga kanye nezingxoxo mayelana namajenereyitha ukuze sijulise ukuqonda kwethu izimiso zawo zokusebenza, izingxenye, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza kumasekethe kagesi.
Isimiso Sokusebenza Sejeneretha
Isimiso esiyisisekelo sendlela ijenereyitha esebenza ngayo sisekelwe kuMthetho kaFaraday Wokungeniswa Kwe-Electromagnetic, othi ushintsho ekugelezeni ku-loop yentambo luzokhiqiza amandla e-electromotive (EMF). Ijenereyitha inezingxenye eziningana eziyinhloko:
1. I-Rotor: Ingxenye ejikelezayo.
2. I-Stator: Ingxenye engashintshi, lapho kufakwa khona ucingo oluqinile noma ikhoyili.
3. Insimu Kamagnetic: Ikhiqizwa omaginethi abangapheli noma omaginethi kagesi.
Imibuzo Eyisibonelo Nengxoxo
Umbuzo 1: Ukubala I-Inducted Voltage
Umbuzo: Ijenereyitha inamajika angu-50 kukhoyili ye-stator. Uma ijubane lokujikeleza kwe-rotor lingu-1200 rpm (ukujikeleza ngomzuzu) futhi i-magnetic flux ngokujika okukodwa ishintsha ngo-0,02 Wb, iyini i-Induced Voltage (EMF) ekhiqizwa yijenereyitha?
Ingxoxo: Ukuze sibale i-voltage ebangelwayo singasebenzisa i-Faraday's Law equation:
\[ \text{EMF} = -N \frac{d\Phi}{dt} \]
Kuphi:
– \( N \) inani lokujika,
– \( \Phi \) yi-magnetic flux, futhi
– \(t \) yisikhathi.
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuguqula ijubane kusuka ku-RPM liye ku-RPS (ukujikeleza ngomzuzwana):
\[ 1200 \umbhalo{ RPM} = \frac{1200}{60} \umbhalo{ RPS} = 20 \umbhalo{ RPS} \]
Ukushintshashintsha kokuguquguquka ngakunye, ngakho-ke imvamisa yokushintsha kokuguquguquka iyafana nemvamisa yokujikeleza, engama-20 Hz. Ngakho-ke, ushintsho ku-flux ngomzuzwana (\( \frac{d\Phi}{dt} \)) luyi:
\[ \frac{d\Phi}{dt} = 0,02 \text{Wb} \times 20 \text{Hz} = 0,4 \text{Wb/s} \]
Ngakho-ke, i-voltage ebangelwayo ebangelwa yile:
\[ \umbhalo{EMF} = -50 \izikhathi 0,4 \umbhalo{V} = -20 \umbhalo{V} \]
Njengoba i-EMF iyinani eliphelele, i-voltage ebangelwayo ephumelayo ingu-20 V.
Umbuzo 2: Amandla Okukhipha Ijeneretha
Umbuzo: Uma ijeneretha embuzweni odlule igeleza ngomthwalo wokumelana ongu-10 ohms, kukhiqizwa amandla kagesi angakanani?
Ingxoxo: Okokuqala, sibala ugesi sisebenzisa uMthetho ka-Ohm:
\[ I = \frac{V}{R} = \frac{20 \text{ V}}{10 \text{ ohm}} = 2 \text{ A} \]
Amandla kagesi akhiqizwayo angabalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula:
\[ P = V \izikhathi I = 20 \umbhalo{ V} \izikhathi 2 \umbhalo{ A} = 40 \umbhalo{ W} \]
Ngakho-ke, amandla kagesi akhiqizwayo angama-watts angu-40.
Umbuzo 3: Ukusebenza Kahle Kokukhiqiza
Umbuzo: Ijenereyitha inamandla okufaka okwenziwa ngomshini angama-watts angu-60 kanye namandla okukhipha kagesi angama-watts angu-45. Iyini ukusebenza kahle kwejenereyitha?
Ingxoxo: Ukusebenza kahle kwejeneretha kungabalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula:
\[ \eta = \frac{P_{\text{out}}}{P_{\text{in}}} \times 100\% \]
Kuphi:
– \( P_{\text{out}} \) amandla okukhipha ugesi,
– \( P_{\text{in}} \) amandla okufaka okwenziwa ngomshini.
Ngakho-ke ukusebenza kahle yilokhu:
\[ \eta = \frac{45 \text{ W}}{60 \text{ W}} \times 100\% = 75\% \]
Umbuzo 4: Imvamisa ye-AC Voltage Ekhiqizwe
Umbuzo: Ijeneretha ehambisanayo inamapali amane futhi ijikeleza ngo-1800 rpm. Ingakanani imvamisa ye-voltage ye-AC ekhiqizwayo?
Ingxoxo: Imvamisa ye-voltage ye-AC ekhiqizwa yi-generator ehambisanayo ingabalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula:
\[ f = \frac{P \times N}{120} \]
Kuphi:
– \( P \) inani lezinti,
– \( N \) ijubane lokujikeleza ku-RPM.
Faka amanani anikeziwe esikhundleni sawo:
\[ f = \frac{4 \times 1800}{120} = 60 \text{ Hz} \]
Ngakho-ke, imvamisa ye-voltage ye-AC ekhiqizwayo ingu-60 Hz.
Umbuzo 5: Isivinini Esihambisanayo
Umbuzo: Nquma isivinini esihambisanayo sejeneretha exhunywe kugridi yamandla engu-50 Hz futhi enama-pole ayi-6.
Ingxoxo: Isivinini esivumelanisiwe singabalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula:
\[ N_s = \frac{120 \times f}{P} \]
Kuphi:
– \( N_s \) ijubane elihambisanayo ku-RPM,
– \( f \) imvamisa ku-Hz,
– \( P \) inani lezinti.
Faka amanani anikeziwe esikhundleni sawo:
\[ N_s = \frac{120 \izikhathi 50}{6} = 1000 \umbhalo{ RPM} \]
Ngakho-ke, ijubane elihambisanayo lejeneretha lingu-1000 RPM.
Isiphetho
Kulesi sihloko, sixoxe ngezimiso eziyisisekelo zokusebenza kwejeneretha futhi sethule izibonelo eziningana zezinkinga ezihilela ukubalwa kwe-voltage ebangelwayo, amandla kagesi, ukusebenza kahle, imvamisa ye-voltage ye-AC, kanye nesivinini esivumelanayo. Ngalezi zinkinga, sibone ukuthi amapharamitha ahlukahlukene ejeneretha ahlobene kanjani nokuthi athinta kanjani ukusebenza okuphelele. Ukuqonda kahle lezi zimiso kubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni okusebenzayo kobunjiniyela kagesi.
