Ukulinganiswa kwe-thermometer inqubo yokudala isikali ku-thermometer. Nazi ezinye izinyathelo zokulinganisa i -thermometer . Okokuqala , lungiselela i-thermometer ye-mercury noma i-thermometer yotshwala ngaphandle kwesikali. Okwesibili , lungiselela iqhwa elanele. Okwesithathu , lungiselela amanzi anele. Okwesine , lungiselela isifudumezi samanzi esingasetshenziswa ukushisa amanzi aze abilise. Okwesihlanu , faka iqhwa namanzi esitsheni (amanzi neqhwa anobunzima obufanayo). Ngemuva kwalokho, faka i-thermometer esitsheni esiqukethe amanzi neqhwa.
Ifiziksi Yesikole Samabanga Aphezulu
Izihloko zefiziksi mayelana nezenzakalo zemvelo njll. ezihlobene nefiziksi.
Incazelo ye-thermometer
I-thermometer iyithuluzi elenzelwe ukukala izinga lokushisa . Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-thermometer, kodwa zonke zisebenza ngesimiso esifanayo. Ngokuvamile, sisebenzisa izinto ezishintsha ngokushisa. Uma izinga lokushisa lento lishintsha, ukuma nosayizi wayo nakho kuyashintsha. Ama-thermometer amaningi asebenzisa izinto ezikhula noma ezincipha ngokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa.
Umthetho we-Zeroth we-thermodynamics
Umthetho we-Zeroth wezinto ze-Thermodynamics
Kuze kube manje, sicabangele kuphela ukulingana kokushisa okubonwa izinto ezimbili ezithintanayo. Ukuze siqonde umqondo wokulingana kokushisa ngokujulile, ake sicabangele izinto ezintathu (ake sizibize ngokuthi into A, into B, kanye nento C). Isibonelo, izinto B no-C azithintani, kodwa into A ithintana nento B kanti into A ithintana nento C. Buka isithombe esingezansi.
Ngenxa yokuthi ziyathintana, izinto u-A no-B zisesilinganisweni sokushisa, futhi ngokufanayo izinto u-A no-C zisesilinganisweni sokushisa. Ingabe izinto u-B no-C, ezingathintani, nazo zisesilinganisweni sokushisa?
Ukulingana kokushisa
Izinto Zokulingana Kokushisa
Wake waphuza itiye elibandayo? Itiye elibandayo lenziwa ngokuxuba amanzi etiye ashisayo neqhwa. Ngemva kokulixuba noma ukulivumela ukuthi lihlale imizuzwana noma imizuzu embalwa, ingxube yamanzi etiye ashisayo neqhwa iphenduka itiye elibandayo elibandayo. Amanzi etiye ashisayo anezinga lokushisa eliphakeme, kuyilapho iqhwa linezinga lokushisa eliphansi. Uma amanzi etiye ashisayo exutshwa neqhwa esitsheni esinjengengilazi, okunye kokushisa okuvela emanzini ashisayo kudluliselwa eqhweni, ngakho izinga lokushisa letiye elibandayo liphansi kunezinga lokushisa lamanzi ashisayo futhi liphakeme kunezinga lokushisa leqhwa.
Ukudluliselwa kokushisa ngemisebe
Kuzizwa kanjani uma ugqoka izingubo ezimnyama ngosuku olushisayo noma uma uzivocavoca emini? Qhathanisa nalokho ogqoka izingubo ezimhlophe? Uma ugqoka izingubo ezimnyama emini, uzozizwa ushisa kalula. Kungani kunjalo? Ibanga eliphakathi kwelanga nomhlaba ekuseni licishe lifane nebanga eliphakathi kwelanga nomhlaba emini nakusihlwa. Pho kungani ekuseni nakusihlwa kupholile, kanti ntambama kushisa kakhulu? Impendulo yale mibuzo ihlobene nokudluliselwa kokushisa ngemisebe.
Ukudluliselwa kokushisa ngokuqhutshwa komoya
Uma uhlala esihlalweni sokhuni, ubuso besihlalo sokhuni buyafudumala. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma uhlala esihlalweni esenziwe ngepulasitiki noma ngensimbi, ubuso besihlalo sensimbi noma sepulasitiki abuzizwa bufudumele ngemva kokuhlala kuso. Kungani ubuso besihlalo sokhuni bufudumala, kanti ubuso besihlalo sensimbi abufudumali? Kungani ukulala phansi okubandayo ngaphandle komatrasi kungabanga ubuhlungu? Wake wagqoka ijakethi ebandayo? Kungani amajakethi amaningi abandayo enziwe ngoboya? Kusenezinto eziningi okufanele uzicabange futhi uzibuze ngazo ezihlobene nesihloko sokudluliselwa kokushisa ngokuqhutshwa komoya.
Ukudluliselwa kokushisa nge-convection
Wake waba sebhishi ngosuku olunelanga? Ngosuku olunelanga, kuhlale kunomoya ovunguzayo usuka olwandle uye ezweni elisebhishi. Kungani kuhlale kunomoya ogwini futhi kungani umoya wasolwandle (umoya ovunguzayo usuka olwandle uye ezweni) uvela emini, futhi umoya wasemhlabeni (umoya ovunguzayo usuka ezweni uye olwandle) uvela ebusuku? Kungani amafu ehla ezintabeni ngesikhathi semvula? Kungani umoya uzwakala upholile? Izimpendulo zale mibuzo zihlobene nokushisa okuqondile komhlaba nolwandle, ukwanda, ubuningi , kanye nokudluliselwa kokushisa nge-convection ( ukudluliselwa kokushisa ). Ngokuqonda lesi sihloko kahle nangokufanele, ungaphendula imibuzo engenhla kanye neminye imibuzo ongayibuza kamuva.
Ukudluliselwa kokushisa
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokudlulisa ukushisa noma ukudlulisa ukushisa , okuhlanganisa ukudlulisa ukushisa ngokuqhutshwa komoya, ukudluliselwa kwamandla kagesi, kanye nemisebe.
Ukudluliselwa kokushisa ngokuqhutshwa komoya. Lapho into enokushisa okuphezulu ihlangana nento enokushisa okuphansi, amandla asuka entweni enokushisa okuphezulu aye entweni enokushisa okuphansi. Amandla engeziwe abangela ukuthi ama-athomu nama-molecule akha into ahambe ngokushesha. Njengoba ehamba, ama-molecule anamandla e-kinetic (EK = ½ mv 2 ). Ama-molecule ahamba ngokushesha (anamandla amakhulu e-kinetic) ahlangana nama-molecule aseduze kwawo. Lawa ma-molecule abe esehlangana namanye ama-molecule aseduze kwawo. Njalo njalo. Ngakho ama-molecule ahlangana, edlulisela amandla. Ukudluliselwa kokushisa okwenzeka ngokushayisana phakathi kwama-molecule akha into kubizwa ngokuthi i-conduction. I-conduction ivame ukwenzeka ezintweni eziqinile noma kusukela ezintweni eziqinile kuya ezintweni eziwuketshezi (uketshezi kuya ezintweni eziqinile) noma kusukela ezintweni eziqinile kuya kumagesi (amagesi kuya ezintweni eziqinile).
Incazelo yokushisa, ukuqhuba ukushisa, umthamo wokushisa
Izinto: Incazelo yokushisa, ukuqhuba ukushisa, umthamo wokushisa
Wake waphuza itiye elibandayo, ubisi olubandayo, isiraphu ebandayo, njll.? Nokho, lapho senza itiye elibandayo, sivame ukuxuba amanzi ashisayo noma afudumele engilazini enama-cubes eqhwa. Amanzi ashisayo noma amanzi afudumele anezinga lokushisa eliphakeme, kuyilapho ama-cubes eqhwa enezinga lokushisa eliphansi. Ngemva kokuthinta isikhashana, ingxube yama-cubes eqhwa netiye elishisayo iphenduka itiye elibandayo (ingxube yama-cubes eqhwa netiye elifudumele ifinyelele izinga lokushisa elifanayo). Inqubo efanayo iyenzeka lapho sihlanganisa amanzi ashisayo namanzi abandayo. Ngemva kokuthinta, amanzi ashisayo namanzi abandayo aphenduka amanzi afudumele (ingxube yamanzi ashisayo namanzi abandayo ifinyelele izinga lokushisa elifanayo). Kungani lezi zinto zingafinyelela izinga lokushisa elifanayo ngemva kokuthinta?
Incazelo yephuzu lokuqandisa, iphuzu lokubila
Izinto ezichaza izinga lokushisa, iphuzu lokuqandisa, iphuzu lokubila
Wake wathinta iqhwa? Uzizwa kanjani uma isandla sakho sithinta iqhwa noma isandla sakho sifakwa esiqandisini? Kuthiwani uma lokho okuthintayo kungumlilo? Uma uthinta iqhwa, isandla sakho sizizwa sibanda, ngokuphambene nalokho uma uthinta umlilo, isandla sakho sizizwa sishisa. Kusho ukuthini ngempela ukushisa, ukufudumala, ukubanda, kanye nokubanda?
Incazelo Yokushisa
Umqondo wokushisa empeleni uvela emizweni yokushisa nokubanda etholakala yimizwa yethu yokuthinta. Ngokusekelwe kulokho okubonwa yimizwa yethu yokuthinta, sithi into ethile ishisa kakhulu kunenye noma ibanda kakhulu kunenye. Izinto ezishisayo kakhulu zinezinga lokushisa eliphakeme, kuyilapho izinto ezibandayo zinezinga lokushisa eliphansi. Uma into ibanda kakhulu, izinga lokushisa layo liphansi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma into ishisa kakhulu, izinga lokushisa layo liphakeme. Izinga lokushisa liyisilinganiso sokuthi into ishisa kangakanani noma ibanda kangakanani.