Ama-virus ayizinto ezincane ezithathelwanayo ezingazalana kuphela ngaphakathi kwamaseli aphilayo. Angabangela izifo ezahlukahlukene kubantu, ezilwaneni nasezitshalweni. Ama-virus angasakazeka ngezindlela ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukuthintana ngqo, ukudluliselwa emoyeni, ukudluliselwa emanzini, ukudluliselwa kokudla, kanye nezinambuzane ezifana nezinambuzane. Njengoba kunikezwe izingozi ezingaba khona ezibangelwa ukutheleleka ngama-virus, ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwawo kubalulekile. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene ezisebenzayo zokuvimbela ukusabalala kwama-virus empilweni yansuku zonke, okuhlanganisa imikhuba emihle yokuhlanzeka, ukugoma, ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokuzivikela, kanye nemizamo yomphakathi kanye nekahulumeni.
1. Ukuhlanzeka Komuntu Siqu
Inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu iyisinyathelo sokuqala nesibaluleke kakhulu ekuvimbeleni ukusabalala kwamagciwane. Izinyathelo ezinhle zokuhlanzeka zinganciphisa ingozi yokudluliswa kwamagciwane ngokuxhumana okuqondile nokungaqondile.
Ukugeza izandla
Ukugeza izandla zakho njalo ngensipho namanzi okungenani imizuzwana engama-20 kungenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuvimbela ukusabalala kwamagciwane. Ukugeza izandla kubaluleke kakhulu ngemva:
- Ukusebenzisa indlu yangasese
- Ngaphambi kokudla
- Ngemva kokukhwehlela, ukuthimula, noma ukushaya ikhala lakho
- Ngemva kokuthinta izindawo ezivame ukuthintwa abanye, njengezibambo zeminyango noma izinkinobho ze-lifti.
Uma insipho namanzi kungatholakali, ukusebenzisa isihlanzi sezandla esisekelwe kotshwala esinokuqukethwe okungenani okungu-60% kotshwala kuyindlela enhle.
Ukugcina Inhlanzeko Yomuntu Siqu
Ngaphandle kokugeza izandla zakho, ukugcina inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu nakho kubalulekile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukugeza njalo, ukushintsha izingubo ezihlanzekile, nokugcina izinzipho zimfushane futhi zihlanzekile.
2. Ukugoma
Ukugoma kungenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuvimbela ukutheleleka ngamagciwane. Imijovo isebenza ngokuvuselela amasosha omzimba ukuze aqaphele futhi alwe namagciwane athile uma umzimba uvezwa kuwo esikhathini esizayo. Nazi ezinye izinto ezibalulekile mayelana nokugoma:
Imithi Yokugomela Amagciwane Athile
Kuye kwasungulwa imithi eminingi yokulwa namagciwane ahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa:
- Umuthi Wokugomela Umkhuhlane: Lo muthi wokugomela waminyaka yonke usiza ekuvimbeleni umkhuhlane wezinkathi ezithile.
- Umuthi Wokugomela I-HepatitisImithi yokugomela i-hepatitis A ne-B ingavimbela ukutheleleka okukhulu kwesibindi.
- Umuthi wokugomela i-HPV: Lo mjovo uvimbela ukutheleleka nge-human papillomavirus, engabangela umdlavuza wesibeletho kanye nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza.
- Umgomo we-covid-19: Lo mjovo wenzelwe ukulwa ne-SARS-CoV-2, igciwane elibangela i-COVID-19.
Uhlelo Lokugoma
Ukulandela uhlelo lokugoma olunconywe yiziphathimandla zezempilo zasendaweni nezomhlaba wonke kubalulekile. Lolu hlelo luvame ukufaka imijovo ejwayelekile yezingane kanye nemijovo ethile yabantu abadala, njengomjovo waminyaka yonke womkhuhlane.
3. Ukusetshenziswa Kwezinto Zokuzivikela Zomuntu Siqu (i-PPE)
Imishini yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu (i-PPE) isiza ukunciphisa ingozi yokudluliswa kwegciwane, ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho ingozi yokudluliswa iphezulu khona. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-PPE ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zifaka:
Imaski yobuso
Amamaski obuso, njengemaski okuhlinzwa kanye namamaski e-N95, ayasebenza ekuvimbeleni ukusabalala kwamagciwane ngamaconsi okuphefumula. Ukugqoka imaski yobuso kubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni zomphakathi kanye nalapho uxhumana nabanye, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuqubuka kwamagciwane ahamba emoyeni.
Amagilavu
Amagilavu angasetshenziswa ezimweni lapho kunobungozi obukhulu bokuthintana ngqo nezindawo ezingcolisiwe noma izinto eziphilayo. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukugwema ukuthinta ubuso bakho ngenkathi ugqoke amagilavu nokugeza izandla zakho ngemva kokuzisusa.
Ukuvikelwa Kwamehlo Nezingubo Zokuvikela
Izingubo zokuvikela amehlo kanye nezokuzivikela zisetshenziswa kakhulu ngabasebenzi bezempilo kanye nabantu abasebenza ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu ukuze bazivikele ekuchapheni noma ekuthintaneni ngqo noketshezi lomzimba oluthelelekile.
4. Gwema ukuthintana nabantu abagulayo
Ukugwema ukuthintana ngqo nabantu abagulayo kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokuvimbela ukusabalala kwegciwane. Lokhu kuhlanganisa:
- Ukuzihlukanisa: Uma ugula, hlala ekhaya futhi ugweme ukuxhumana nabanye ukuze uvimbele ukusabalala kwegciwane.
- Gcina ibanga elide: Hlala ibanga okungenani imitha elilodwa kubantu ababonisa izimpawu zesifo sokuphefumula njengokukhwehlela noma ukuthimula.
- Gwema Izixuku: Gwema izindawo ezinabantu abaningi noma izixuku, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuqubuka kwezifo ezithelelanayo.
5. Ukuhlanzeka kwemvelo
Ukugcina ukuhlanzeka kwemvelo kubalulekile futhi ekuvimbeleni ukusabalala kwegciwane. Lezi zinyathelo zifaka:
Ukubulala amagciwane okungaphezulu
Ukuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane ezindaweni ezivame ukuthintwa, njengezibambo zomnyango, amatafula, namadivayisi kagesi, kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukusabalala kwamagciwane. Sebenzisa isibulala-magciwane esisebenza kahle ekulweni namagciwane, njengesixazululo esisekelwe kotshwala noma i-bleach.
Umoya Ohlanzekile Omuhle
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi igumbi linomoya omuhle ngokuvula amafasitela noma ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokungenisa umoya olusebenzayo kunganciphisa ukugcwala kwamagciwane emoyeni futhi kuvimbele ukudluliselwa ngama-aerosols.
6. Imfundo Yomphakathi Nokuqwashisa
Imfundo kanye nokukhulisa ulwazi lomphakathi mayelana nendlela yokuvimbela ukusabalala kwegciwane kubalulekile. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa:
Umkhankaso Wezempilo
Imikhankaso yezempilo eyenziwa ohulumeni, izinhlangano zezempilo, kanye nabezindaba ingasiza ekusabalaliseni ulwazi olunembile mayelana nokuvimbela igciwane. Le mikhankaso ingafaka izimemezelo zenkonzo yomphakathi, izincwajana, kanye nemisebenzi yokufinyelela umphakathi.
Imfundo Ezikoleni
Imfundo mayelana nokuhlanzeka nokuvimbela izifo ingafakwa ohlelweni lwezifundo zesikole ukuze kufundiswe izingane ngokubaluleka kokulondoloza impilo yomuntu siqu neyemvelo.
7. Indima Kahulumeni Nenqubomgomo Yomphakathi
Uhulumeni unendima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukusabalala kwegciwane ngokusebenzisa izinqubomgomo zomphakathi ezisebenzayo. Ezinye izinyathelo uhulumeni angazithatha zifaka:
Ukuhlinzekwa Kwezinsizakalo Zezempilo
Ukuhlinzeka ngokufinyelela okulula nokungabizi ezinsizeni zezempilo, okuhlanganisa imijovo, ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga, kanye nokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, kubalulekile ekulawuleni ukusabalala kwegciwane.
Imithethonqubo kanye Nezinqubomgomo
Uhulumeni angakhipha imithethonqubo nezinqubomgomo zokunciphisa ukusabalala kwaleli gciwane, njengemikhawulo yokuhamba, ukuvala izindawo zomphakathi, kanye nokusebenzisa ukuhlukaniswa kwabantu ngesikhathi sokuqubuka kwezifo.
Ukuqapha kanye Nokuphendula Okusheshayo
Ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokuqapha olusebenzayo ukuze kutholakale futhi kuphendulwe ngokushesha ekuqubukeni kwezifo kungavimbela ukusabalala okwengeziwe kwegciwane. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqoqwa kwedatha, ukuhlaziywa kwezifo, kanye nokuxhumana neziphathimandla zezempilo zomhlaba wonke.
Isiphetho
Ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwegciwane kudinga indlela ebanzi nesebenzisanayo phakathi kwabantu ngabanye, imiphakathi, kanye nohulumeni. Imikhuba yokuhlanzeka komuntu siqu, ukugoma, ukusebenzisa imishini yokuzivikela, ukugwema ukuxhumana nabantu abagulayo, ukugcina indawo ehlanzekile, imfundo yomphakathi, kanye nezinqubomgomo zomphakathi ezisebenzayo konke kudlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni ukusabalala kwegciwane. Ngokusebenzisa lezi zinyathelo njalo, singazivikela thina nabanye engcupheni yokutheleleka ngegciwane futhi silondoloze impilo yomphakathi iyonke.
