Izinto zokufundisa uMthetho zika-Archimedes ziqukethe izinkomba zobuchule eziyisisekelo kanye nezinkomba zokufeza amakhono, izinto zokufunda, imibuzo eyisibonelo, imibuzo yokuzijwayeza kanye nezivivinyo zokufundisa.
A. Amakhono Ayisisekelo
3.1 Ukusebenzisa imithetho yoketshezi olungashintshi empilweni yansuku zonke
4.1 Ukuklama nokwenza izivivinyo ezisebenzisa izakhiwo zoketshezi olungashintshi, okuhlanganisa nokwethulwa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo.
B. Izinkomba Zokufeza Ubuchule
1. Ukukhumbula (C1), ukuqonda (C2), ukusebenzisa (C3), ukuhlaziya (C4) nokuphetha (C5) umqondo wokuntanta, umthetho ka-Archimedes kanye nomqondo wokuntanta, ukuzulazula, ukucwila
2. Xazulula imibuzo (C4) bese ulungisa (C6) mayelana nokubhoda kanye nomthetho ka-Archimedes
3. Yenza (P2) ukuhlolwa komthetho ka-Archimedes
4. Khombisa (P3) bese unquma (P5) amandla okuphapha kanye nomthetho ka-Archimedes
UMTHETHO KA-ARCHIMEDES
I. ISINGENISO
Wake waba semkhunjini? Umkhumbi onobunzima obukhulu kakhulu awucwili, kanti itshe elincane, elilula lingakwazi ukucwila. Kungani kunjalo?
Uyazi ukuthi isithombe esikwesobunxele siyini? I-submarine umkhumbi ongantanta phezu kolwandle futhi ucwile ngaphansi kwamanzi. I-submarine intanta kanjani futhi icwile?
Ubonani esithombeni ngakwesokudla? Amabhaluni omoya oshisayo angandiza ezindaweni eziphakeme. Kungani amabhaluni endiza, futhi ulindiza kanjani ibhaluni lomoya oshisayo?
Imikhumbi ingantanta phezu kolwandle futhi itshuze ngaphansi kwamanzi, njengoba nje amabhaluni engantanta emoyeni, okubizwa nangokuthi umoya. Ukuze uqonde lokhu, kufanele uqale uqonde uMthetho ka-Archimedes . Ukuze uqonde uMthetho ka-Archimedes, kufanele uqale uqonde umqondo wokuntanta.
Umthombo wesithombe: Google.com
II. AMANDLA OKUQINISA
Yikuphi okuzwakala kulula, idwala eliphakanyisiwe emhlabeni noma idwala elifanayo eliphakanyisiwe emanzini? Uma ungakaze ubhekane nalokhu, kufanele uzame ukuphendula lo mbuzo. Kunzima ukuphakamisa idwala emhlabathini, kodwa idwala elifanayo liphakeme emanzini. Lokhu kungenxa yamandla okuntanta.
Uma into icwiliswa oketshezini, kuzoba nomehluko wokucindezela phakathi koketshezi olungaphezu kwento noketshezi olungaphansi kwayo. Uketshezi olungaphansi kwento lunomfutho ophezulu kunoketshezi olungaphezu kwento. Ukuqina kwenzeka ngenxa yomehluko wokucindezela koketshezi ekujuleni okuhlukene.
Esithombeni, into ibonakala intanta oketshezini. Uketshezi olungaphansi koketshezi lunomfutho omkhulu kunoketshezi olungaphezu kwento, ngoba uketshezi olungaphansi kwento lunobunzulu obukhulu kunoketshezi olungaphezu kwento (h2 > h1).
Incazelo: FA = amandla okuntanta, ρ = ukuminyana koketshezi, g = ukusheshisa ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi, V = ivolumu yento ecwiliswe koketshezi
Faka esikhundleni i -ρV kufomula ye-Buoyancy Force ngo-m kufomula yobuningi:
Incazelo: m = isisindo, g = ukusheshisa kwamandla adonsela phansi, w = amandla adonsela phansi.
Ngokusekelwe ku-equation 2, amandla okubutha (FA ) alingana nesisindo (w) soketshezi olususiwe. Umthamo woketshezi olususiwe ulingana nomthamo wento ekuketshezi.
III. UMTHETHO KA-ARCHIMEDES
Uma into icwiliswe ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye oketshezini, uketshezi lusebenzisa amandla aphezulu (ukubutha) entweni, lapho ubukhulu bamandla okubutha bulingana nesisindo soketshezi olususiwe. Umthamo woketshezi olususiwe ulingana nomthamo wento ecwiliswe oketshezini.
IV. UKUTHAMBA, UKUTHAMBA, UKUCIKA
4.1 UKUTHAMBA
Into intanta phezu koketshezi uma:
1. Amandla adonsela phansi ento mancane kunamandla okubhoboza (w < F A ), noma
2. Ubuningi bento buncane kunobuningi boketshezi ( )
Uma amandla okuphaphazela ephakeme kune-gravity, amandla aphumayo awayona i-zero, ngokwemithetho kaNewton yokunyakaza, into izoya phezulu. Kodwa empeleni into iphumule phezu koketshezi. Ngokomthetho wokuqala kaNewton, uma into iphumule khona-ke
ΣFy = 0
F A – w – F a = 0
F A = w + F a
F A = amandla okuvuselela asetshenziswa uketshezi entweni, Fa = ukusunduza komoya , w = isisindo sento.
4.2 UKUTHAMBA
Into intanta phezu koketshezi uma:
1. Isisindo sento sifana namandla okuphapha (w = F A ), noma
2. Ubuningi bento bufana nobukhulu boketshezi ( )
Ngokomthetho wokuqala kaNewton, uma into iphumule khona-ke
Σ F y = 0
F A – w = 0
F A = w
4.3 UKUCIKA
1. Amandla adonsela phansi ento makhulu kunamandla okubhoboza (w > F A ), noma
2. Ubuningi bento bukhulu kunobuningi boketshezi ( )
Ngokomthetho wokuqala kaNewton, uma into iphumule khona-ke
Σ F y = 0
w – F A – N = 0
w = FA + N
F A = amandla okuvuselela asetshenziswa uketshezi entweni, N = amandla avamile asetshenziswa isisekelo entweni , w = amandla adonsela phansi ento.
Kungani imikhumbi intanta?
Ngemva kokufunda incazelo engenhla, manje uzama ukuphendula umbuzo othi, kungani umkhumbi onobunzima obukhulu ungacwili ngenkathi isihlabathi esincane sicwiliza olwandle? Isihlabathi siyacwiliza ngoba ubukhulu besihlabathi bukhulu kunobuningi bamanzi olwandle. Ngenkathi umkhumbi, yize wakhiwe ngensimbi enobukhulu obukhulu kunobuningi bamanzi olwandle (ubulukhuni bensimbi bungu-7874 kg / m3 , ubulukhuni bamanzi olwandle bungu-1025 kg / m3 ) , kodwa ivolumu yomkhumbi inkulu kakhulu kangangokuthi ubulukhuni bomkhumbi uma kubalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula yobuningi ρ = m / V inani lincane kunobuningi bamanzi olwandle.
Uma sisebenzisa umqondo wokubutha kanye nokudonsa phansi, imikhumbi iyantanta ngoba ukubutha kukhulu kunokudonsa phansi komkhumbi.
Indlela imikhumbi-ngwenya ecwila ngayo
Ukuze intante, ubukhulu bomkhumbi-ngwenya kumele bube buncane kunobuningi bamanzi olwandle, ngokufanayo nomkhumbi-ngwenya ungantanta uma ubukhulu bawo bukhulu kunobuningi bamanzi olwandle noma bulingana nobukhulu bamanzi olwandle. Umthamo womkhumbi-ngwenya uyafana, ngakho-ke ukuze intante futhi intante, ubukhulu bomkhumbi-ngwenya bungashintshwa ngokufaka amanzi nomoya emathangini e-ballast. Uma ufuna ukuntanta, faka amanzi ethangini le-ballast futhi uma ufuna ukuntanta phezu kwamanzi, amanzi ayasuswa ethangini bese umoya ufakwa ethangini.
Kusetshenziswa umqondo wokuntanta kanye nokudonsa phansi, umkhumbi-ngwenya ungantanta uma amandla okuntanta makhulu kunokudonsa phansi komkhumbi-ngwenya. Umkhumbi-ngwenya ungantanta uma amandla okuntanta omkhumbi makhulu kunokudonsa phansi okusetshenziswa amanzi olwandle kumkhumbi-ngwenya.
Kungani futhi kanjani amabhaluni omoya oshisayo angandiza
Amabhaluni andizela emoyeni ngoba ngaphakathi ebhaluni kukhona igesi enobukhulu obuncane kunobukhulu bomoya ozungezile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ubukhulu begesi ngaphakathi ebhaluni bufana nobukhulu bomoya obuzungezile, ibhaluni liwela phansi futhi alindizi liye endaweni ephakeme.
Kusetshenziswa umqondo wokubutha, ibhaluni lomoya oshisayo liyaphakama ngoba amandla okubutha makhulu kunomdonsi webhaluni. Ibhaluni liwela phansi lapho amandla adonsela phansi ebhaluni makhulu kunomdonsi webhaluni okhishwa umoya osebhaluni.
V. IMIBUZO YESIBONELO
5.1. Isisindo somthwalo emoyeni singama-N angu-5, isisindo somthwalo uma silinganiswa ngoketshezi singama-N angu-4. Amandla okuphaphazela angakanani?
Ingxoxo
Kuyaziwa:
Isisindo somthwalo emoyeni (w) = 5 N
Isisindo somthwalo emanzini (w F ) = 4 N
Kubuziwe: Amandla okuqina ( FA )
Impendulo:
Uma kulinganiswa ngoketshezi, isisindo esithile somthwalo siyalahleka ngenxa yamandla okubutha. Ubukhulu bamandla okubutha = umehluko phakathi kwesisindo somthwalo emoyeni kanye nesisindo somthwalo oketshezini.
F A = 5 – 4 = 1 Newton
5.2. Isitsha esigcwele amanzi, kufakwa itshe ukuze amanye amanzi achitheke. Umthamo wamanzi achitheke ungu-0,1 m 3. . Ubuningi bamanzi = 1000 kg / m 3 , Ukusheshisa ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi 10 m / s 2. Angakanani amandla amanzi asebenza etsheni?
Ingxoxo
Kuyaziwa:
Umthamo wamanzi achithekile (V) = 0,1 m 3
Ubuningi bamanzi ( ρ ) = 1000 kg/ m3
Ukusheshisa ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi (g) = 10 m/s 2
Kubuziwe: Amandla okuqina ( FA )
Impendulo:
F A = ρ g V = (1000)(10)(0,1) = 1000 N
5.3. Uma into ifakwa esitsheni esigcwele amanzi olwandle, amanye amanzi olwandle achitheka afinyelela ku-0,2 m 3. Ubuningi bamanzi olwandle = 1025 kg/m 3. Ukusheshisa okubangelwa amandla adonsela phansi kungu-10 m/s 2. Bala isisindo samanzi olwandle asusiwe/achithekile.
Ingxoxo
Kuyaziwa:
Umthamo (V) = 0,2 m 3
Ubuningi bamanzi olwandle (ρ) = 1025 kg/ m3.
Ukusheshisa ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi (g) = 10 m/s 2
Kubuziwe: Isisindo samanzi olwandle anyakazayo/achithekile
Impendulo:
Umthetho ka-Archimedes uthi ubukhulu bamandla agelezayo = isisindo samanzi olwandle asusiwe/achithekile
F A = ρ g V = (1025)(10)(0,2) = 2050 N
5.4. Insimbi inesisindo esingu-100 N uma ilinganiswa emoyeni kanye no-80 N uma ilinganiswa emanzini. Iyini ivolumu yensimbi? Ubuningi bamanzi = 1000 kg/m3 , ukusheshisa ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi = 10 m/ s2.
Ingxoxo
Kuyaziwa:
Isisindo emoyeni (w) = 100 N
Isisindo emanzini (w f ) = 80 N
Ubuningi bamanzi ( ρ) = 1000 kg/ m3
Ukusheshisa ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi (g) = 10 m/s 2
Kubuziwe: Umthamo wensimbi
Impendulo:
F A = 100 – 80 = 20 N
F A = ρ g V
20 = (1000)(10) V
20 = 10.000 V
5.5. Into enesisindo esingu-20 N ifakwa oketshezini. Uma amandla okuphapha engu-30 N, ingabe into iyacwila, iyantanta noma iyantanta?
Ingxoxo
Amandla okuphapha makhulu kunesisindo sento, F A > w, ngakho into iyantanta.
Into iyacwila uma amandla okuphapha engaphansi kwesisindo sento (F A < w)
VI. ZIREKISE IMIBUZO NEZINHLOBO ZEZIMPENDULO
https://gurumuda.net/soal-ujian/soal-latihan-hukum-archimedes
VII. IMIBUZO YOKUHLOLA OKUQALAYO
https://gurumuda.net/soal-ujian/tes-formatif-hukum-archimedes
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