Ngaphambi kokufunda ifomula yelensi egobile, qonda imithetho elandelayo yesibonakaliso selensi egobile kuqala.
Imithetho Yezimpawu Zelensi Ehlanganisiwe
- Ibanga lezinto (ama)
Uma into idlula, kungena umsebe wokukhanya ibanga lento kuphawulwe ukuthi kunengqondo.
- Ibanga lesithombe (s')
Uma ukukhanya kudlula emthunzini khona-ke ibanga lesithunzi kuphawulwe ngokuthi kuhle (isithombe sangempela). Uma isithombe singadluliswanga ngomsebe wokukhanya khona-ke ibanga lesithunzi uphawu olungalungile (isithombe esibonakalayo).
- Ubude be-focal (f)
Uma indawo egxile kulensi idlula ngokukhanya, khona-ke ubude bokugxila Ilensi iphawulwe ngokuthi iyakha. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma indawo egxile kulensi ingadluliswanga yimisebe yokukhanya, khona-ke ubude bokugxila Ilensi iphawulwe ngokuthi ayilungile. Indawo egxile kulensi eqondile idlula ngokukhanya okukhulu, ngakho-ke ubude bokugxila ilensi eqondile ilungile.
- Ukuphakama kwento (h)
Uma into ingaphezu kwe-axis yelensi eqondile khona-ke ukuphakama kwento uphawu oluqondile (into eqondile). Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma into ingaphansi kwe-axis yelensi eqondile khona-ke ukuphakama kwento uphawu olungalungile (into ephendukezelwe).
- Ukuphakama kwesithunzi (h')
Uma isithombe singaphezu kwe-axis yelensi eqondile khona-ke ukuphakama kwesithunzi uphawu oluhle (isithombe esiqondile). Uma isithombe singaphansi kwe-axis yelensi eqondile khona-ke ukuphakama kwesithunzi uphawu olungalungile (isithombe esiphendukezelwe).
- Ukukhulisa isithombe (m)
Uma ukukhulisa isithombe > 1 khona-ke usayizi wesithombe mkhulu kunosayizi wento. Uma ukukhulisa isithombe = 1 khona-ke usayizi wesithombe ufana nosayizi wento. Uma ukukhulisa isithombe < 1 khona-ke usayizi wesithombe mncane kunosayizi wento.
Ifomula Yelensi Ehlanganisiwe
Bheka isithombe esingezansi. Kunemisebe emibili yokukhanya eboniswayo eya ngelensi eqondile, bese imisebe yokukhanya ibuyiselwa emuva yilensi eqondile.
Isihlokwana:
s = ibanga lento, s' = ibanga lesithombe, h = P P' = ukuphakama kwento, h' = Q Q' = ukuphakama kwesithombe, F1 kanye no-F2 = indawo egxile kulensi eqondile.
Ku-P'AQ' yokukhanya, unxantathu u-P'AP ufana nonxantathu u-Q'AQ. Ngakho-ke:
Kumsebe wokukhanya P'BF 2 Q', unxantathu BF 2 A = Q'F 2 Q lapho ibanga AB = ukuphakama kwento (h) kanye nebanga F 2 A = ubude bokugxila (f) belensi eqondile. Ngakho-ke:
Izinhlangothi zesobunxele nesokudla zezibalo 1 no-2 ziyalingana, ngakho-ke izinhlangothi zesokudla ziyalingana:
Phindaphinda izinhlangothi zombili zesibalo ngo-s' :
Incazelo yefomula:
s = ibanga lento (elihle uma into idluliswa umsebe wokukhanya wesigameko)
s' = ibanga lesithunzi (elihle uma isithunzi sidlula ngomsebe wokukhanya noma isithunzi singokoqobo)
f = ubude bokugxila (obuhle uma ukukhanya kudlula endaweni yokugxila yelensi eqondile)
Khumbula njalo umthetho wesibonakaliso selensi egoqekile uma usebenzisa le fomula ukuxazulula izinkinga zelensi egoqekile.
Ukukhuliswa Kwesithombe (m)
Bheka isithombe sokwakheka kwesithunzi sento ngenhla. Onxantathu i-PAP' kanye ne-QAQ' bayafana, ngakho-ke singathola ubudlelwano phakathi kwebanga lento kanye nebanga lesithunzi nokuphakama kwento kanye nokuphakama kwesithunzi:
Ifomula engenhla ingabhalwa kabusha njengoba ingezansi ngokungeza uphawu m:
Imininingwane:
m = ukukhuliswa kwesithombe
h = ukuphakama kwento (kuhle uma into ingaphezu kwe-axis eyinhloko yelensi eqondile noma into eqondile)
h' = ukuphakama kwesithombe (okungekuhle uma isithombe singaphansi kwe-axis eyinhloko yelensi eqondile noma isithombe siphendukezelwe)
s = ibanga lento (elihle uma into idlulisiwe ukukhanya okungenayo)
s' = ibanga lesithombe (lihle uma isithombe sidlulile ukukhanya noma isithombe sangempela)
Imibuzo Yesibonelo Selensi Eguquguqukayo
I-Pelajari isibonelo semibuzo yelensi eqondile ukuze uqonde kangcono indlela yokusebenzisa ifomula yelensi egobile.
Imibuzo Yokuzijwayeza Yelensi Eguquguqukayo
Kwenze imibuzo yokuzijwayeza ilensi eqondile ukuze ube nekhono elingcono ekuxazululeni izinkinga zelensi ezigobile.
