Danho reMegalopolis
Megalopolis izwi rinoshandiswa kutsanangura nzvimbo yakakura kwazvo yeguta guru inoumbwa nekubatanidzwa kwemaguta makuru akati wandei nenzvimbo dzawo dzemaguta. Pfungwa yeguta guru inotsanangura kukura kwemaguta asingangokure nekukura chete asiwo anobatanidzana kuti agadzire nzvimbo yakakura yemaguta. Chinyorwa chino chichanyatsoongorora matanho eguta guru, hunhu hwaro, mienzaniso chaiyo, uye mhedzisiro yaro.
Nhoroondo uye Pfungwa yeMegalopolis
Izwi rekuti "megalopolis" rakaunzwa nenyanzvi yezvenzvimbo Jean Gottmann mubhuku rake ra1961, iro rakatsanangura nzira yemuguta inotangira kuBoston kuenda kuWashington, D.C., muUnited States. Nzira iyi yakazozivikanwa se "BosWash" uye yakava muenzaniso wekutanga wepfungwa yemegalopolis. Kubva ipapo, pfungwa iyi yakashanduka uye yakashandiswa kutsanangura dzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda dzemumaguta makuru pasi rose.
Maguta makuru haaitike kamwe kamwe; ibasa refu rinosanganisira kukurumidza kukura kwemaguta, kukura kwevanhu, uye kukura kwezvivakwa zvakasimba. Maguta anotanga kubatana kuburikidza nekufambisa uye network dzehupfumi, zvichigadzira guta rimwe chete, rakabatana.
Matanho eKubudirira kweMegalopolis
1. Kuwanda kweMaguta
Danho rekutanga munzira inoenda kuguta guru nderekukura kwemaguta, uko maguta anowana huwandu hwevanhu nekukura kwehupfumi nekukurumidza. Maguta aya anotanga kuwedzera miganhu yawo, uye nzvimbo dzemumaguta dzinokura nekuda kwekudiwa kwedzimba nezvinhu zvinodiwa nevanhu vari kukura.
2. Kubatanidzwa Kwehupfumi
Maguta ari kukura akatanga kusimbisa hukama hwehupfumi. Kufamba kwevanhu mumaguta kwakawedzera, uye zvivakwa zvakaita semigwagwa yemitero, njanji, nenhandare dzendege zvakavakwa kutsigira kukura uku. Kubatana pakati pemaguta kwakawedzera kufambiswa kwezvinhu, mabasa, nevashandi, zvichisimbisa hukama pakati pemaguta.
3. Kuvandudzwa kweZvivakwa
Zvivakwa zvakakwana ndizvo musimboti weguta guru chero ripi zvaro. Hurumende nevagadziri vega vari kutanga kuisa mari yakawanda mukuvandudza zvivakwa, kusanganisira migwagwa, kutakurwa kwevanhu, uye network dzekutaurirana. Hurumende dzematunhu nedzemunharaunda dziri kugadzirisa maitiro ekuona kuti zvivakwa zvinogona kubatsira huwandu hwevanhu nehupfumi huri kukura.
4. Kubatanidzwa Kwemagariro Netsika
Nekukura kwehupfumi uye kubatana kwemuviri, vanhu vanobva kwakasiyana-siyana vakatanga kusanganisa zvakanyanya. Nharaunda dzine tsika dzakasiyana uye mararamiro akasiyana dzakasangana ndokuumba hunhu hutsva hwenzvimbo. Munguva iyi, nzvimbo dzetsika, dzidzo, uye nzvimbo dzekutandarira dzakabuda dzakashandira nharaunda yakakura.
5. Kuziva Nezvezvakatipoteredza uye Kuronga Kunogara Kuchienderera Mberi
Migumisiro yakaipa yekukura kwemaguta iri kutanga kunzwika, yakadai sekuzara kwevanhu, kusvibiswa kwemhepo, nezvimwe zvinetso zvezvakatipoteredza. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kuziva kukosha kwekuronga zvinogara kwenguva refu kuri kuwedzera. Maguta ari mumaguta makuru ari kutanga kuronga mabasa ekuvandudza hupenyu hwevagari vawo uku achideredza migumisiro yakaipa panharaunda.
Mienzaniso yeMegalopolises Munyika
Kunze kweBosWash muUnited States, kune mienzaniso yakati wandei yemaguta makuru ane mukurumbira pasi rose:
– Tokyo-Yokohama (Japonesia)
Nzvimbo iyi inozivikanwa seimwe yenzvimbo huru dzemaguta pasi rose, ine huwandu hwevanhu hunosvika makumi emamiriyoni. Zvivakwa zvayo zvinoshamisa, ine hurongwa hwekutakura veruzhinji hunoshanda zvakanaka hunobatanidza maguta akapoteredza.
– Pearl River Delta (PRD), China
Dunhu iri rinosanganisira maguta makuru akadai seGuangzhou, Shenzhen, neHong Kong. PRD inozivikanwa senzvimbo yekugadzira zvinhu uye ine tekinoroji yepamusoro. Mabasa ayo ehupfumi akasimba anoita kuti ive imwe yenzvimbo dzine shanduko huru pasi rose.
– Bhanana rebhuruu, kuEurope
Inzvimbo yemaguta inotangira kuEngland kusvika kuChamhembe kweItaly, kusanganisira maguta akadai seLondon, Amsterdam, Frankfurt, neMilan. Dunhu iri rine basa guru muhupfumi nezvematongerwo enyika zveEurope.
Mhedzisiro yeMegalopolis
Mhedzisiro yakanaka
– Kukura Kwehupfumi: Maguta makuru anokurudzira kukura kwehupfumi nekukurumidza nekuda kwekuwanda kwevanhu nemabhizinesi. Izvi zvinogadzira mabasa uye zvinosimudzira mararamiro.
– Kugadzira Zvinhu Zvitsva uye Kugadzira Zvinhu: Kuwanda kwevanhu, kunyanya avo vanoshanda muindasitiri yekugadzira zvinhu, kunoita kuti zvinhu zvitsva zvibudirire uye zvishande pamwe chete.
– Zvivakwa Zvepamusoro: Kuvapo kwezvivakwa zvakagadzirwa zvakanyanya kunoita kuti kufamba kuve nyore uye kushande zvakanaka.
Mhedzisiro yakaipa
– Kuzara kwemotokari uye Kusvibiswa: Nehuwandu hwevanhu vakawanda, kuwanda kwemotokari uye kusvibiswa kwemhepo matambudziko makuru.
– Kusaenzana Kwemagariro: Pane musiyano uripo pakati pemapoka ezvehupfumi, izvo zvinokonzera matambudziko emagariro evanhu akadai seurombo mumaguta uye kushaya mukana wekuwana zvinhu zvakakosha kune vamwe vanhu.
– Kuora Kwezvakatipoteredza: Kuwanda kwemaguta uye maindasitiri makuru zvinogona kukonzera kusvibiswa kwemhepo, mvura, nevhu. Izvi zvinoda mitemo inoshanda yezvakatipoteredza uye kuedza kuchengetedza.
Mhedziso
Maguta makuru ari kukura pamwe chete nekukura kwemaguta pasi rose. Kunyange zvazvo achipa mikana yakakura yehupfumi nemagariro evanhu, maguta makuru anodawo kutarisirwa kwakakosha kuti agadzirise matambudziko akasiyana. Vagadziri vemitemo nevarongi vemaguta vanofanirwa kutora nzira yekubatanidza uye inochengetedza nharaunda kuti vave nechokwadi chekuti budiriro idzi dzinowedzerwa pasina kukanganisa hupenyu nenzvimbo. Nokudaro, chikamu chebudiriro chemaguta makuru chinofanira kuitwa nekuronga nekushandisa zvakanyatsonaka, vachienzanisa zvinodiwa zvebudiriro nekuchengetedzwa kwenharaunda.
