Chinyorwa pamusoro pekuumbwa kwemufananidzo ne lenzi inochinja-chinja (lenzi yakatetepa)
Kuti unzwisise kuumbwa kwemufananidzo ne lenzi yakakombama, tarisa mienzaniso inotevera yematambudziko nemhinduro. Muchiitiko ichi, chinhu chinofungidzirwa kuti chiri kure ne lenzi yakakombama,
wobva wadhirowa mufananidzo uchishandisa lenzi yakakombama, daro remufananidzo kubva kune lenzi yakakombama uye kukura kwemufananidzo uchishandisa lenzi yakakombama.
Kureba kwegirazi rakatetepa (diverging lens) i20 cm. Zvinhu zvine urefu hwe10 cm zviri kuruboshwe rwegirazi. Sarudza daro remufananidzo, kukura kwemufananidzo uye kukwirira kwemufananidzo, kana:
a) kureba kwechinhu kudiki pane kureba kwefocal ye lens yakakombama
b) kureba kwechinhu kwakafanana nehurefu hwefocal relenzi yakakombama
c) kureba kwechinhu kwakakura kupfuura kureba kwefocal ye lens yakakombama
Anozivikanwa:
Kureba kwegirazi rakakombama (f) = -20 cm
Kureba kwelenzi yakakombama kune chiratidzo chekusaratidza kunaka nekuti nzvimbo yakatarisana nelenzi yakakombama iri paindaneti, uko chiedza chisingapfuuri nepakati penzvimbo yakatarisana.
Kureba kwechinhu (h) = 10 cm
Solution:
Kureba kwechinhu kudiki pane kureba kwefocal ye lens yakakombama (do > f)
Ngatitii daro rechinhu chacho riri 5 cm, 10 cm uye 15 cm.
a) Kureba kwefocal i -20 cm uye kana daro rechinhu (do) = 5 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di)
1/di = 1/f – 1/do = -1/20 – 1/5 = -1/20 – 4/20 = -5/20
di = -20/5 = -4 cm
Chiratidzo chekureba kwemufananidzo, chine huremu, chinoreva kuti mufananidzo wacho uri wepakombiyuta, uko chiedza chisingapfuuri nepamufananidzo.
Kureba kwemufananidzo, 4 cm, kudiki pane daro rechinhu, 5 cm.
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M)
M = -di / do = -(-4)/5 = 4/5 = 0.8
Kukura kwemufananidzo mudiki pane 1 zvinoreva kuti mufananidzo waderedzwa, kana kuti saizi yemufananidzo mudiki pane saizi yechinhu.
Kureba kwemufananidzo (h')
Kuenzanisa kwekukudza mufananidzo:
M = h' / h
h' = M h = (0.8)(10 cm) = 8 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo chiratidzo chakanaka, zvichireva kuti mufananidzo wacho wakamira.
b) Kureba kwefocal i -20 cm uye kana daro rechinhu (do) = 10 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di)
1/di = 1/f – 1/do = -1/20 – 1/10 = -1/20 – 2/20 = -3/20
di = -20/3 = -6.7 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo kuri negative, zvichireva kuti mufananidzo wacho uri pakombiyuta, uko chiedza chisingapfuuri nepamufananidzo.
Kureba kwemufananidzo i 6.7 cm, diki pane daro rechinhu, 10 cm.
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M)
M = -di / do = -(-6.7)/10 = 6.7 / 10 = 0.67
Kukura kwemufananidzo kudiki pane 1 zvinoreva kuti mufananidzo waderedzwa, kana kuti saizi yemufananidzo idiki pane saizi yechinhu.
Kureba kwemufananidzo (h')
Kuenzanisa kwekukudza mufananidzo:
M = h'/h
h' = M h = (0.67)(10 cm) = 6.7 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo chiratidzo chakanaka, zvichireva kuti mufananidzo wacho wakamira.
c) Kureba kwefocal i -20 cm uye daro rechinhu (do) = 15 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di)
1/di = 1/f – 1/do = -1/20 – 1/15 = -3/60 – 4/60 = -7/60
di = -60/7 = -8.6 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo kuri negative, zvichireva kuti mufananidzo wacho uri pakombiyuta, uko chiedza chisingapfuuri nepamufananidzo.
Kureba kwemufananidzo i 8.7 cm, diki pane daro rechinhu, 15 cm.
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M)
M = -di / do = -(-8.6)/10 = 8.6 / 10 = 0.86
Kukura kwemufananidzo mudiki pane 1 zvinoreva kuti saizi yemufananidzo mudiki pane saizi yechinhu.
Kureba kwemufananidzo (h')
Kuenzanisa kwekukudza mufananidzo:
M = h'/h
h' = M h = (0.86)(10 cm) = 8.6 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo kwakanaka, zvichireva kuti mufananidzo wacho wakamira.
Kureba kwechinhu kwakafanana nehurefu hwefocal relenzi yakakombama (do = f)
Kureba kwefocal (f) = daro rechinhu (do) = 20 cm.
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di)
1/di = 1/f – 1/do = -1/20 – 1/20 = -2/20 = -2/20
di = -20/2 = -10 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo kuri negative, zvichireva kuti mufananidzo wacho uri pakombiyuta, uko chiedza chisingapfuuri nepamufananidzo.
Kureba kwemufananidzo i 10 cm, diki pane daro rechinhu, 20 cm.
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M)
M = -di / do = -(-10)/20 = 10/20 = 0.5
Kukura kwemufananidzo kudiki pane 1, zvichireva kuti saizi yemufananidzo idiki pane saizi yechinhu.
Kureba kwemufananidzo (h')
Kuenzanisa kwekuwedzera kwemufananidzo:
M = h'/h
h' = M h = (0.5)(10 cm) = 5 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo kwakanaka, zvichireva kuti mufananidzo wacho wakamira.
Kureba kwechinhu kwakakura kupfuura kureba kwefocal kwelenzi yakakombama (do > f)
Ngatitii daro rezvinhu riri 30 cm uye 40 cm.
a) Kureba kwefocal i -20 cm uye kana daro rechinhu (do) = 30 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di)
1/di = 1/f – 1/do = -1/20 – 1/30 = -3/60 – 2/60 = -5/60
di = -60/5 = -12 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo kuri negative, zvichireva kuti mufananidzo wacho uri pakombiyuta, uko chiedza chisingapfuuri nepamufananidzo.
Kureba kwemufananidzo i12 cm, diki pane daro rechinhu chemasendimita makumi matatu.
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M)
M = -di / do = -(-12)/30 = 12/30 = 0.4
Kukura kwemufananidzo kudiki pane 1, zvichireva kuti saizi yemufananidzo idiki pane saizi yechinhu.
Kureba kwemufananidzo (h')
Kuenzanisa kwekukudza mufananidzo:
M = h'/h
h' = M h = (0.4)(10 cm) = 4 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo chiratidzo chakanaka, zvichireva kuti mufananidzo wacho wakamira.
b) Kureba kwefocal -20 cm uye kana chinhu chiri kure (do) = 40 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di)
1/di = 1/f – 1/do = -1/20 – 1/40 = -2/40 – 1/40 = -3/40
di = -40/3 = -13 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo kuri negative, zvichireva kuti mufananidzo wacho uri pakombiyuta, uko chiedza chisingapfuuri nepamufananidzo.
Kureba kwemufananidzo ndeye 13 cm, diki pane daro rechinhu ndere 40 cm.
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M)
M = -di / do = -(-13)/40 = 13/40 = 0.3
Kukura kwemufananidzo kudiki pane 1, zvichireva kuti saizi yemufananidzo idiki pane saizi yechinhu.
Kureba kwemufananidzo (h')
Kuenzanisa kwekuwedzera kwemufananidzo:
M = h'/h
h' = M h = (0.3)(10 cm) = 3 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo kwakasimbiswa kuti kwakanaka, zvichireva kuti mufananidzo wacho wakamira.
