Chinyorwa nezve malenzi akasiyana-siyana (akakombama)
Tsanangudzo yemalenzi akakombama
Rumwe rudzi rwemalenzi anoshandiswa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva i lenzi yakakombama. Lenzi yakakombama i lenzi ine pakati pakatetepa nepo mipendero yakakora. Malenzi akakombama anowanzova akaita denderedzwa, kunyangwe painewo malenzi asina kutenderera. Malenzi akakombama, semalenzi akakombama, akagadzirwa negirazi kuitira kuti lenzi ive ne refractive index yakakura kupfuura refractive index yemhepo.
Mhando dzema lenzi akakombama
Kazhinji, kune marudzi matatu emalenzi akakombama, uko chimiro chelenzi chinoratidzika semufananidzo uri pazasi (maonero epadivi).
Kushandisa ma lenses akakombama
Kana maziso emunhu asingakwanise kuona zvinhu zviri kure zvakajeka kana kuti munhu wacho achiona zviri pedyo, anoshandisa lenzi ine concave kana divergent lens kana negative lens kuti abatsire kuona kwake. Ma concave lens anoshandiswa pamagirazi emaziso kana ma contact lenses kuti abatsire munhu kuona zvinhu. Kuwedzera pakuiswa pamagirazi emaziso nema contact lenses, ma concave lens anoshandiswawo mu optical telescope.
Nzvimbo yekutarisa (F) ye lenzi yakakombama
Tarisa mufananidzo wacho. Mwenje wechiedza unobva pazvinhu zviri kure zvikuru sezuva wakaenzana ne axis huru ye lenzi. Mumufananidzo, axis huru ye lenzi mutsetse webhuruu.
Mwenje wechiedza unouya pamusoro pe lenzi, iyo yakakombama, uye lenzi inodzosera chiedza kuchiedza. Kudzosera chiedza kunoitwa ne lenzi yakakombama kunoteerera mutemo wekudzosera chiedza kuchiedza. Maranzi ese echiedza anodzosera chiedza kumeso sekunge ari kubva panzvimbo yepakati pa F2 , uye mwenje wechiedza unodzosera chiedza kumeso kwakasiyana-siyana. Mwenje wechiedza unodzosera chiedza kumeso unofamba munzira dzakasiyana-siyana zvekuti lenzi yakakombama inonzi lenzi yakaparadzana.
Nzvimbo huru yeF2 ndiyo nzvimbo yemufananidzo kubva pane chimwe chinhu chiri kure zvikuru. Kana chiedza chakadzorwa negirazi rakakombama chichibva kuzuva, mufananidzo wezuva uchaonekwa panzvimbo yepakati peF.2Ziso remunhu rinoona kuti chiedza chiri kufamba chakatwasuka. Saka, chiedza chinodzorwa sokunge chinobva kuF.2 nzvimbo yekutarisa, kunyangwe mwenje wechiedza wakadzorwa usingapfuure nepakati penzvimbo yekutarisa. Nekuti mwenje wechiedza haupfuure nepakati penzvimbo yekutarisa, nzvimbo yekutarisa yelenzi yakakombama ndeyechokwadi, uye mufananidzo wechinhu chinotaridzika sekunge chiri panzvimbo yekutarisawo ndewechokwadiwo.
Mufananidzo we lenzi yakakombama
Magirazi e concave anogona kuumba mifananidzo chaiyo chete. Mufananidzo chaiwo haupo asi sekunge uripo nekuti ziso remunhu rinoona chiedza chichifamba chakananga zvekuti uropi hwemunhu hunogumisa kuti mufananidzo wacho uripo. Kana skrini ikaiswa panzvimbo ine mufananidzo chaiwo, hapana mufananidzo uri pachiratidziro. Kuumbwa kwemifananidzo nemagirazi e concave kunotsanangurwa zvakadzama munyaya yekuumbwa kwemifananidzo nemagirazi e concave.
Mibvunzo gumi nemhinduro pamusoro pemalenzi akasiyana-siyana (akakombama).
1. Chii chinonzi lenzi inochinja-chinja uye chii chinonyanya kukosha pairi?
Lenzi inochinja-chinja, inozivikanwawo se lenzi yakakombama, i lenzi inoparadzira mwaranzi yechiedza yakachinja-chinja. Hunhu hukuru hunosanganisira pakati pakatetepa kupfuura mipendero, mwaranzi yechiedza inochinja-chinja mushure mekuchinja-chinja, uye inogara ichiumba mufananidzo chaiwo, wakatwasuka, uye wakaderedzwa.
2. Lenzi inochinja-chinja inokanganisa sei mwaranzi yechiedza yakafanana?
Lenzi inopatsanurana ichaita kuti mwaranzi yechiedza inopararira pamwe chete (inopatsanurana) uye inoita seinobva panzvimbo imwe chete inonzi focal point. Nzvimbo yacho iri kudivi rimwe chete relenzi nechiedza chinouya.
3. Ndeipi fomura yesimba remalenzi uye inoshandiswa sei kune lenzi yakasiyana-siyana?
Fomura yesimba relenzi ndeye P = 1/f, apo P isimba relenzi uye f irefu refocal. Kune lenzi inopatsanurana, urefu hwefocal hunoonekwa sehusina kunaka, saka simba relenzi inopatsanuranawo harina kunaka.
4. Lenzi inochinja-chinja inogona here kugadzira mufananidzo chaiwo? Tsanangura.
Kwete, lenzi inochinja-chinja haigone kugadzira mufananidzo chaiwo. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti mwaranzi yechiedza inochinja-chinja mushure mekupfuura nepa lenzi uye inoita seinobva panzvimbo imwe chete nechiedza, zvichiita kuti pave nemufananidzo chaiwo.
5. Mufananidzo unoumbwa negirazi rinopatsanurana unosiyana sei nemufananidzo unoumbwa negirazi rinopatsanurana?
Lenzi inochinja-chinja inoumba mufananidzo chaiwo, wakatwasuka, uye wakaderedzwa nepo lenzi inochinja-chinja ichigona kuumba mifananidzo chaiyo, yakapindurwa (kana chinhu chiri mberi kwenzvimbo yakatarisana) kana mifananidzo chaiyo, yakatwasuka (kana chinhu chiri panzvimbo iri pedyo nenzvimbo yakatarisana).
6. Fomura yemugadziri wemalenzi inosiyanisa sei pakati pelenzi inobatana neinopatsanurana?
Fomura yemugadziri welenzi ndeye 1/f = (n2/n1 – 1) x (1/R1 – 1/R2), apo f iri focal length, n2 na n1 zviri refractive indices, uye R1 na R2 zviri radii of curvature. Kune lenzi inosiyana, R1 iri negative uye R2 iri positive (tichifunga nezvetsika yekuti radius iri positive kana pakati pecurvature iri kune rumwe rutivi rwechiedza), nepo kune lenzi inochinja, ese ari maviri ari positive.
7. Lenzi inochinja-chinja inokanganisa sei nzira yemwaranzi wechiedza unopfuura nepakati payo pechiedza?
Mwaranzi wechiedza unopfuura nepakati pechiedza che lenzi inotsauka unoramba wakatwasuka, usingakanganiswi ne lenzi. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kona yechiedza iri pa 0° panzvimbo yechiedza.
8. Ndeipi nzvimbo yekutarisa ye lenzi inoparadzanisa uye inomiririrwa sei nenzira yakajairika?
Hurefu hwe lenzi inopatsanurana idaro riri pakati pe lenzi nenzvimbo inotangira chiedza chinopatsanurana. Kazhinji, inomiririrwa sechiratidzo chisina kunaka, zvichiratidza kuti chinhu chinotariswa chiri kudivi rimwe chete re lenzi nechiedza chinouya.
9. Chii chinoitika pahukuru hwemufananidzo nenzvimbo yawo kana chinhu chikafamba kure negirazi rinopatsanurana?
Chinhu pachinofambira mberi kubva pane lenzi inotsauka, saizi yemufananidzo inoderera uye nzvimbo yemufananidzo inoswedera pedyo nelenzi. Zvisinei, mufananidzo unoramba wakamira uye uri wepakombiyuta.
10. Magirazi ekusiyanisa anogona kushandiswa kugadzirisa mamwe matambudziko emaziso here? Kana zvakadaro, ndeapi?
Ehe, magirazi ekupatsanura anogona kushandiswa kugadzirisa myopia kana nearseness. Dambudziko iri rinoratidzwa nekusakwanisa kweziso kutarisa zvinhu zviri kure, zvichiita kuti zviite sezvisina kujeka. Magirazi ekupatsanura anobatsira nekuparadzira chiedza chisati chapinda muziso, zvichifambisa mufananidzo wacho ku retina.
