Equation yemalenzi akasiyana-siyana (concave)

Chinyorwa nezve Equation yema lenses akasiyana (concave)

Usati wawana equation ye lenzi yakakombama, tanga wanzwisisa mitemo yezviratidzo zve lenzi yakakombama.

Zviratidzo zvemitemo ye lenzi yakakombama

Inotevera ndiyo mitemo yezviratidzo zve lenzi yakakombama.

– Kureba kwechinhu (do)

Kana chinhu chiri parutivi rwelenzi chakafanana nekwakananga chiedza, saka daro rechinhu chacho rakanaka.

- Kureba kwemufananidzo (di)

Kana chiedza chikapfuura mufananidzo, ipapo daro remufananidzo mufananidzo wakanaka (mufananidzo chaiwo). Kana mufananidzo usingapfuuri nepakati pechiedza, daro remufananidzo iri negative (mufananidzo chaiwo).

- Kureba kwefocal (f)

Kana nzvimbo yekutarisa yelenzi ikapfuudzwa nechiedza, kureba kwelenzi kwacho kuchava kwakanaka. Kusiyana neizvi, kana nzvimbo yekutarisa yelenzi ikasapfuudzwa nechiedza, kureba kwelenzi kwacho kuchava kure. Nzvimbo yekutarisa yelenzi yakakombama haipfuudzwa nechiedza, saka kureba kwekutarisa yelenzi yakakombama kwacho kuchava kure.

- Kureba kwechinhu (ho)

Kana chinhu chiri pamusoro pe axis huru, kureba kwechinhu kwakanyorwa kuti kuri pachena (chinhu chakamira). Kusiyana neizvi, kana chinhu chiri pasi pe axis huru, kureba kwechinhu kwakanyorwa kuti kuri negative (chinhu chakapindurwa).

- Kureba kwemufananidzo (hi)

Kana mufananidzo uri pamusoro pe axis huru, kureba kwemufananidzo kuri pachena (mufananidzo wakamira). Kana mufananidzo uri pasi pe axis huru, kureba kwemufananidzo kuri pachena (mufananidzo wakapindurwa).

- Kukura kwemufananidzo (m)

Kana kukura kwemufananidzo kuri > 1, zvinoreva kuti saizi yemufananidzo yakakura kupfuura saizi yechinhu. Kana kukura kwemufananidzo = 1, zvinoreva kuti saizi yemufananidzo yakaenzana nehukuru hwechinhu. Kana kukura kwemufananidzo < 1, saizi yemufananidzo iri diki pane saizi yechinhu.

Kuenzanisa kwelenzi yakatetepa

Zvichibva pamufananidzo uri pazasi, mwenje miviri yechiedza inokweverwa ku lenzi yakakombama, uye lenzi yakakombama inodzosera mwenje wechiedza.

s = do = daro rechinhu, s' = di = daro remufananidzo, h = P P' = kukwirira kwechinhu, h' = Q Q' = kukwirira kwemufananidzo, F₁ uye F₂ = nzvimbo inonyanya kukosha yelenzi yakakombama.

Triangle yeP'AP yakafanana netriangle yeQ'AQ. Saka:

Iye BF₂Katatu kakafanana neQ'F₂Katatu kanomwe keQ, apo daro raAB = kureba kwechinhu (h) uye daro raF₂A = kureba kwefocal (f) kwelenzi yakakombama. Saka:

Zvichibva pamitemo yezviratidzo zvelenzi yakakombama, equation iyi inogona kuchinjwa kuita se equation yegirazi rakakombama,

kana daro remufananidzo (di) rikapihwa chiratidzo chekusaratidza kuti chiedza hachipfuure mufananidzo

uye urefu hwefocal (f) hunopiwawo chiratidzo chekusaratidza kuti chinhu chinoonekwa nechiedza ndechekuti nzvimbo inoonekwa nefocal lens haina kupfuudzwa nechiedza (enzanisa nemufananidzo uri pamusoro apa). Sekureva kwechirevo ichi, equation yelens ine concave inoshanduka kuita:

do = daro rechinhu, di = daro remufananidzo, f = kureba kwefocal

Kukura kwemufananidzo (m)

Tarisa mufananidzo wemufananidzo uri pamusoro apa. Matatu matatu eP'AP neQ'AQ akafanana kuitira kuti tikwanise kuwana hukama huripo pakati pedaro rechinhu nedaro remufananidzo nekukwirira kwechinhu nekukwirira kwemufananidzo:

Equation iyi yakanyorwa zvakare sezviri pazasi nekuwedzera m:

m = kukura kwemufananidzo

ho = kukwirira kwechinhu (kwakanaka kana chiri pamusoro pe axis huru kana chinhu chakamira)

mhoro = kukwirira kwemufananidzo (kwakanaka kana uri pamusoro pe axis huru kana mufananidzo wakamira)

do = daro rechinhu (zvakanaka kana rambi rechiedza richipfuura nepakati pechinhu)

di = daro remufananidzo (rakanaka kana chiedza chikapfuura nepamufananidzo kana mufananidzo wacho uri wechokwadi)